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Biomedical subjects

C S Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to C S Bailey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Long-term survival after surgical excision of a schwannoma of the sixth cervical spinal nerve in a dog.

A schwannoma of the sixth cervical spinal nerve in a 5-year-old Shetland Sheepdog was surgically excised, sparing the thoracic limb and resulting in long-term survival. The dog had been referred because of slowly progressive left thoracic limb lameness. The lesion was localized to the left suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves or the C6 and C7 spinal nerves on the basis of neurologic examination, electrodiagnostic examination, and myelography. Surgical exploration revealed a mass, which was excised and identified histologically as a schwannoma. Three and a half years later, the dog was normal except for mild gait abnormality, focal muscle atrophy, and a focal area of decreased cutaneous sensation of the left thoracic limb.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intracellular analysis of effects of phencyclidine on rat neostriatal neurons recorded in vitro.

The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on the synaptic and direct membrane properties of neostriatal neurons were assessed using intracellular recordings from 62 neurons in rat neostriatal slices. Electrophysiological measurements were obtained before, during and after bath application of PCP. At all concentrations (1-300 microM) PCP raised current thresholds for evoking synaptic potentials and reduced excitability (the firing rate of directly evoked action potentials). In a smaller number of cells PCP (50-300 microM) increased input resistance. These effects were long-lasting and neurons did not show reversal with washes as long as 75 min. Some neurons were injected with biocytin for identification. All were medium-sized spiny type I neurons typical of rodent neostriatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A review of relative risks associated with four types of contact lenses.

This paper reviews the data of Frank et al. in the light of increasing concern over the safety of contact lenses used for extended wear. Relative risks were calculated for four types of contact lenses (CLs): extended wear soft, daily wear soft, rigid gas-permeable (RGP), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lenses--worn by a group of patients who presented themselves for emergency ocular treatment. The cases comprised 329 CL wearers who were found to have lens related metabolic disorders, toxic or hypersensitivity reactions, cornea abrasions, microbial keratitis, or some other lens-induced problem. Controls comprised 64 CL wearers whose ocular problems were unrelated to lens use. It was found that extended wear soft lenses were nearly 7 times more likely to be associated with an ocular disorder than PMMA hard lenses, and approximately 3.4 times more likely than daily wear soft lenses. Furthermore, extended wear soft lenses were nearly 5 times more likely to be linked with microbial keratitis than daily wear soft lenses, and approximately 7.5 times more likely than RGP lenses. Metabolic disorders were also more common with extended wear lenses (relatively risk: 3.3) than with either RGP (1.8) or daily wear soft lenses (2.0) or PMMA lenses (1.0). If the association between extended wear soft lenses and ocular complications is borne out in large population studies, eye-care professionals may need to reconsider the wisdom of prescribing these lenses for the cosmetic correction of vision.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1990

Histamine release from rodent and human mast cells induced by protoporphyrin and ultraviolet light: studies of the mechanism of mast-cell activation in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

We report that protoporphyrin (PP) and ultraviolet light (UVA) induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, mouse bone marrow mast cells and human cutaneous mast cells in a dose- and temperature-dependent manner. The mast-cell activation was associated with loss of membrane integrity and inhibited by the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase. Histamine release was independent of extracellular calcium in the rodent mast cells, but was markedly reduced in the absence of calcium in human cells. These findings indicate that PP and UVA induce mast-cell-mediator release by a process that may involve hydrogen peroxide formation. There appear to be differences in response to PP and UVA between rodent and human mast cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spinal nerve root origin of the median, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves and their muscle nerve branches to the canine forelimb.

The contribution individual ventral spinal nerve roots made to the canine median nerve, ulnar nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and their muscle nerve branches was determined electrophysiologically. Each spinal nerve root was sequentially stimulated. Utilizing quantitative signal averaging techniques, the evoked potential was measured at each tested peripheral nerve. Evoked potential to the median nerve originated from the seventh cervical spinal root (C7) through the second thoracic spinal root (T2) with most input from C8 and T1. The ulnar nerve received evoked potential from C7-T2. Although T1 provided the major input to both the median and ulnar nerves, the relative contribution of T1 was greater in the ulnar nerve. The musculocutaneous nerve received input from ventral spinal roots C6-T1 with C6 and C7 providing most of the evoked potential. The ventral spinal roots which supplied the bulk of the evoked potential to a particular muscle nerve were consistent between individual dogs. Variation of evoked potential input was greatest from spinal roots which supplied less than 10% of the total potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of high PaCO2 and time on cerebrospinal fluid and intraocular pressure in halothane-anesthetized horses.

The effects of different arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2) on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in 6 male halothane-anesthetized horses positioned in left lateral recumbency. Steady-state anesthetic conditions (1.06% end-tidal halothane concentration) commenced 60 minutes following anesthetic induction with only halothane in oxygen. During atracurium neuromuscular blockade, horses were ventilated, and respiratory rate and peak inspiratory airway pressure were maintained within narrow limits. The CSFP and IOP were measured at 3 different levels of PaCO2 (approx 40, 60, and 80 mm of Hg). The PaCO2 sequence in each horse was determined from a type of switchback design with the initial PaCO2 (period 1), established 30 minutes after the commencement of steady-state anesthesia, being repeated in the middle (period 3) and again at the end (period 5) of the experiment. Measurements taken from the middle 3 periods (2, 3, and 4) would form a Latin square design replicated twice. The interval between each period was approximately 45 minutes. Data from periods 2, 3, and 4 indicated that CSFP (P less than 0.05) and mean systemic arterial pressure increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with high PaCO2. Mean central venous pressure, heart rate, and IOP did not change significantly during these same conditions. Measurements taken during periods 1, 3, and 5 were compared to assess the time-related responses to anesthesia and showed a significant increase in CSFP, a significant decrease in mean central venous pressure, and a small (but not statistically significant) increase in mean systemic arterial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Neurologic abnormalities as the predominant signs of neoplasia of the nasal cavity in dogs and cats: seven cases (1973-1986).

Neurologic abnormalities were the predominant historic and physical findings in 5 dogs and 2 cats with primary nasal cavity tumors that had invaded the cranial vault. Seizures, behavior changes, and obtundation were the most common signs. Other neurologic signs included paresis, ataxia, circling, visual deficit, and proprioceptive deficit. Although 1 dog and 2 cats had historic findings of mild respiratory disease, no physical abnormalities related to the respiratory tract were found in any of the 7 animals. Nasal cavity neoplasia was suggested by radiographic and computed tomographic studies and was confirmed histopathologically in each case. The nasal tumor types in the 5 dogs were epidermoid carcinoma (n = 1), adenocarcinoma (n = 2), solid carcinoma (n = 1), and anaplastic chondrosarcoma (n = 1). An esthesioneuroblastoma was found in each cat. Radiation therapy was effective for 3 months in palliating the clinical signs in the 2 dogs in which it was used. Neoplasia of the nasal cavity should be considered in the differential diagnosis for animals with neurologic signs suggestive of cerebral disorders.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

MPTP-induced Parkinson-like disease in sheep: clinical and pathologic findings.

Eight ewes, divided into two groups based on age, with group 1 7-8 and group 2 1-3 years old, respectively, were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intravenously (IV) at cumulative doses of 2.0 to 34.6 mg/kg body weight. Two group 1 sheep, given cumulative doses of 2 and 8.5 mg/kg, developed persistent severe neurologic signs of body stiffness and rigidity, paucity of movement, intention body tremors, and abnormal body posture and stance similar to those signs in MPTP-induced disease in people and primates. After their acute onset, these persistent signs were nonprogressive up to the observation period of 32 days post infusion. None of the younger ewes had persistent neurologic symptoms at equivalent cumulative doses (9.0 mg/kg). The only pathologic changes were microscopic lesions in the central nervous system, consisting of bilaterally symmetrical neuronal chromatolysis and necrosis limited to the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. These lesions were found in two persistently affected and two younger sheep, suggesting age-based differences in dose response and the threshold of clinical expression of disease. Serum MPTP half-life was 11 days. Thus sheep exposed to MPTP could be an alternative model to the primate for the comparative study of clinical, pathologic, and biochemical mechanisms in MPTP neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease in people.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral coenurosis in a cat.

Coenurus serialis, the intermediate stage of Taenia serialis, was the cause of progressive, fatal, intracranial disease in a 5-year-old cat. X-Ray computed tomographic findings were identical to those associated with intracranial parasitic cysts in people, in whom x-ray computed tomographic features are considered pathognomonic and superior to those of other diagnostic methods. The presumed source of the coenurus was the owner's dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Duplication of the premolar dentition.

Multiple supernumerary teeth, often associated with various syndromes, is a relatively uncommon isolated dental anomaly. We present a case of a 9-year-old black male patient with complete duplication of the premolar dentition and premolarization of the permanent canines.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1988

Spinal nerve root origins of the cutaneous nerves of the canine pelvic limb.

The spinal nerve root origins of the cutaneous nerves innervating the canine pelvic limb were determined in 12 barbiturate-anesthetized, healthy dogs by stimulating the dorsal roots L1-S3 and recording the evoked-action potentials from each cutaneous nerve. The dogs were then euthanatized, identification of each dorsal root and cutaneous nerve was verified by dissection, and the type of lumbosacral plexus (prefixed, median fixed, or postfixed) was determined. With one exception, the dorsal cutaneous branches and lateral cutaneous branches of L1-L3 originated only from their corresponding spinal nerve roots. The genitofemoral nerve received afferent fibers predominantly from L3-L4 nerve roots. The lateral cutaneous femoral nerve originated from L3-L5 nerve roots, and the saphenous nerve from L4-L6 nerve roots. The proximal caudal cutaneous sural nerve originated from L6-S1. The lateral cutaneous sural nerve originated from L5-S1; the deep and superficial fibular nerves arose primarily from L6-L7. The distal caudal cutaneous sural nerve originated predominantly from L7-S1, and the medial cutaneous tarsal nerve originated from L6-S1. The medial plantar nerve originated predominantly from L6-S1 roots, whereas the lateral plantar nerve originated from L6-S2 roots. The middle clunial nerve received afferent fibers primarily from S1-S2; the caudal clunial nerve received fibers from S1-S3. The caudal cutaneous femoral nerve originated predominantly from L7-S2. The dorsal nerve of the penis originated predominantly from S1-S2, and the superficial perineal nerve originated from S1-S3. One dog had a prefixed plexus, 8 dogs had median-fixed plexuses, and 1 dog had a postfixed plexus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Vertebral canal and spinal cord mensuration: a comparative study of its effect on lumbosacral myelography in the dachshund and German shepherd dog.

One hundred noncontrast spinal radiographic studies followed by myelography were evaluated to compare vertebral canal size and spinal cord location and size in a chondrodystrophic breed (50 Dachshunds) with those variables in a nonchondrodystrophic breed (50 German Shepherd Dogs). Measurements were made of the sagittal diameter (height) of the vertebral canal, sagittal diameter (height) of the spinal cord, and transverse diameter (width) of the spinal cord in the lumbar and sacral regions. Differences were detected in the craniocaudal location of maximal vertebral canal height and maximal spinal cord height. The spinal cords in the Dachshunds terminated further caudally than those in the German Shepherd Dogs. Location of maximal spinal cord width was different between the breeds, consistent with the apparent, more caudal termination of the cord in the Dachshunds. The ratio of spinal cord to vetebral canal heights was notably greater in the Dachshunds than in the German Shepherd Dogs. These differences in vertebral canal and spinal cord mensuration may influence the choice of radiographic technique and its interpretation. Injection sites may be selected further cranially in German Shepherd Dogs (L4-5) than in Dachshunds (L5-6).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid associated with primary brain tumors in the dog: a retrospective study.

Results of cisternal CSF analyses of 77 dogs with primary brain tumors (1970 to 1984) were examined retrospectively. The types of primary brain tumors were astrocytomas, choroid plexus papillomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, and oligodendrogliomas. Fifty-three dogs had complete CSF analyses performed (total WBC count, total protein content, and pressure). Of these 53 CSF, 39.6% had a pattern of change consistent with current descriptions of CSF associated with brain neoplasia. Results of the remaining 60.4% of the 53 CSF were normal (9.4%) or had an atypical pattern of abnormality (50.9%). The CSF associated with meningiomas was unique in having CSF with a WBC count greater than 50 cells/microliter and a WBC differential count greater than 50% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Within the meningioma group, a predominance of PMN cells in the CSF correlated with necrosis or PMN cell infiltration of the tumors. Additional correlations between specific CSF characteristics and histologic features of the tumors could not be made. Statistical analysis of the 77 CSF revealed that the mean CSF total WBC count of the oligodendroglioma group was significantly less than the mean WBC count of the choroid plexus papilloma group and the meningioma group. The mean CSF total protein contents of the astrocytoma group and the meningioma group were significantly less than the mean protein of the choroid plexus papilloma group. The mean CSF pressure of the tumor groups was not significantly different. For all 77 tumors, the most common abnormality was an increased total protein content (69.4%); the least common abnormality was an increased total WBC count (41.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid associated with canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: a retrospective study.

Cerebrospinal fluid of 22 dogs with histologically confirmed granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was analyzed, retrospectively. Seventeen dogs had cisternal CSF analysis, 4 dogs had lumbar CSF analysis, and 1 dog had both. For cisternal CSF, the mean +/- SEM total WBC count was 800.8 +/- 300.9 cells/microliter. The WBC differential count was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells, but 13 of the 18 cisternal CSF had polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and the mean +/- SEM PMN cell percentage was 18.6 +/- 5.3%. The mean +/- SEM total protein content of cisternal CSF was 255.8 +/- 98 mg/dl. Of 5 cisternal CSF pressures measured, 4 were within the normal range. The mean +/- SEM total WBC count and total protein content of lumbar CSF were 533.4 +/- 256.5 cells/mu/microliter and 163.2 +/- 25 mg of protein/dl, respectively. As with cisternal CSF, the WBC differential count of lumbar CSF was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells. Of 5 lumbar CSF, 4 contained PMN cells, but the percentage was less than the PMN cell percentage of cisternal CSF. Although variable, the general pattern of CSF abnormality associated with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was different from the CSF abnormalities commonly seen with viral, bacterial, or mycotic encephalitides.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hedonic reactivity to sucrose in rats: modification by pimozide.

Reward summation functions (RSFs) are an important way to dissociate and quantify hedonic and motor effects of neuroleptics. Previously used only with brain stimulation reinforcement, we demonstrate they will also work using sucrose solution reinforcement. Eighteen male rats were trained to lever press on a CRF schedule for 0.01 ml sucrose solution reinforcers of varying concentration (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.7, 2.3 M). Making the lever harder to press caused an increase in the asymptote of the function, demonstrating a motor effect. Quinine added to the solutions (0.05%) caused the function to shift right, demonstrating an hedonic effect. Rats injected with 0.2 mg/kg pimozide, a dopamine antagonist, then tested four hours later, showed a right shift in the function with no change in asymptote. Thus, at this dose pimozide affects hedonic and not motor substrates of the CNS. These data demonstrate the generalizability of the RSF method to reinforcers other than brain self-stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of total white blood cell count and total protein content of lumbar and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs.

Lumbar and cisternal CSF from 31 healthy dogs were analyzed and compared statistically. The mean total protein of the lumbar CSF samples was 28.68 mg/dl; the mean total protein of cisternal CSF was 13.97 mg/dl. The mean total WBC count of lumbar CSF was 0.55 cells/microliter; the mean WBC count of cisternal CSF was 1.45 cells/microliter. Statistical analysis indicated that the protein and WBC differences between the 2 types of CSF were significant (P = less than 0.001 and P = less than 0.01, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of cutaneous anesthesia associated with brachial plexus avulsions in the dog.

Patterns of cutaneous anesthesia were determined in 4 dogs referred for evaluation of brachial plexus trauma. Using these patterns in conjunction with other clinical and electrophysiologic data, avulsion of spinal nerve roots contributing to the brachial plexus (brachial plexus avulsion) was diagnosed in each case. Two of the 4 dogs had avulsions of the C7-T1 nerve roots and the T2 branch to T1. One dog had C7 and C8 nerve root avulsion, and one had avulsion of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and the T2 communicating branch to T1. Each dog had a distinct pattern of cutaneous anesthesia.

Animals↗