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Biomedical subjects

C Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to C Rogers.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pathology of the testis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is most often a sexually transmitted disease acquired via male genital tract secretions. We performed a retrospective controlled study of testicular tissue taken from 100 AIDS patients at autopsy to determine the nature and spectrum of macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with AIDS in the testis. The AIDS patients showed a highly significant constellation of findings that included lymphocytic infiltration, perivasculitis, germ-cell loss, interstitial fibrosis, decreased mean tubular diameter and increased mean tubular wall thickness. Only four cases showed evidence of testicular involvement with opportunistic infectious agents. In 48 cases gross pathological findings were present. Only four cases had histologically normal testes. We conclude that AIDS should be part of the differential diagnosis of testicular atrophy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Vaginal fluid zinc concentration as a marker for intercourse.

Zinc is present in high concentration in semen, but in low concentration in vaginal fluid. We evaluated vaginal zinc levels as a marker for intercourse by measuring precoital (greater than 11 h after intercourse) or postcoital (less than 5 h after intercourse) zinc and acid phosphatase levels in 26 specimens of vaginal fluid from 18 women. The approximate 95% reference range for zinc in precoital vaginal fluid was 1.2 to 15 micrograms/mL (mean 4.5), and in postcoital vaginal fluid 4.0 to 135 micrograms/mL (mean 24). There is an overlap between the precoital and postcoital reference ranges. Provided that the vaginal fluid zinc level is less than approximately 4.0 micrograms/mL or greater than approximately 15 micrograms/mL, vaginal fluid zinc concentration may be useful as an indicator of intercourse.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

An agar culture technique to quantitate Trichomonas vaginalis from women.

In subjects with trichomoniasis the number of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharges or secretions is unknown. The presence of T. vaginalis was evaluated in 177 consecutive female patients attending an inner city sexually transmitted disease clinic by patient history, wet mount, and broth culture. T. vaginalis was quantitated by a novel agar culture technique. Of the 177 women, 86 (49%) were positive for T. vaginalis by either wet mount or culture. Clinical symptoms were not reliable for making an accurate diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Culture on modified Diamond's medium was more sensitive (98%) than the wet mount method (38%) in detecting T. vaginalis. Of the 86 patients who were positive for trichomoniasis, quantitation was obtained for 81 patients, with 70% yielding greater than 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. The number of T. vaginalis ranged from 40 to greater than 10(6) cfu/ml. The wet mount method was very insensitive for detecting T. vaginalis and was positive only in patients yielding greater than 10(5) cfu/ml.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Suicide in a patient with undiagnosed periarteritis nodosa.

Surveys of medical examiners' records have shown that as many as one-third of suicide victims have serious physical illnesses. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who committed suicide by drug overdose. At autopsy, she had severe widespread periarteritis nodosa, which had been unsuspected during life. The identification of treatable physical illness in suicide victims is important in suicide prevention, yet such illness may be overlooked after death unless a forensic autopsy is performed.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis in a teaching hospital.

A retrospective quality assurance study of frozen-section diagnoses was performed to determine the source and nature of inaccuracies associated with this procedure over an 18-month period in a large teaching hospital. Of 30,278 surgical pathology specimens accessioned, 1414 (4.7%) had frozen-section examination. Of these, there were five false-positive diagnoses of malignancy (0.4%), 16 false-negative diagnoses of malignancy (1.1%), and 53 deferrals of diagnosis (3.7%). Soft-tissue, breast, and lymph node sites accounted for 12 errors (57%), while central nervous system, breast, and soft-tissue sites were associated with 30 deferrals (57%). Erroneous frozen-section diagnoses were attributed to interpretation (57%), microscopic sampling (24%), gross sampling (9.5%), and lack of communication between pathologist and surgeon (9.5%). Some of these diagnostic errors might have been avoided by changes in procedure or technique.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1986

Clinical applications of free temporoparietal flaps in hand reconstruction.

Vascularized temporoparietal fascia can be used to cover deficits up to 14.0 X 12.0 cm in the hand or fingers. The tissue is thin, pliable, and has a smooth gliding surface advantageous to tendon function. Through scalp incisions, with meticulous yet straightforward dissection, this fascia can be isolated as a vascular island based on the superficial temporal artery system. Vessels are large and the anatomy is constant. Technique and clinical applications are discussed in detail.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Differences between dropouts and active participants in a pediatric clinic for substance abuse mothers.

We compared the maternal and birth characteristics of 87 first-year dropouts with 103 active participants of a pediatric clinic which provides long-term follow-up care to offspring exposed in utero to substance abuse mothers. The age, ethnicity, and marital status of the mother; the type of drug used during pregnancy; and the length, gender, number, and type of addiction problems of the newborn were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the dropouts differed significantly from the active participants in many other aspects. More dropout mothers received no prenatal care and did not have children at home at the time of the present birth. More of them were smokers; had gonorrhea, heart, and kidney problems; and had infections complicating their pregnancy. The dropout newborns were found to have lower birthweight and shorter gestation. These clinical parameters defined a suboptimal group of mothers and children requiring more attention and care. The findings also alert investigators of long-term follow-up studies to be aware of basic differences between nonparticipants and participants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Use of drug resistance markers to recover clonogenic tumor cells from occult metastases in host tissues.

A variant of metastatic mouse mammary tumor line 410.4 was produced which is resistant to both 60 microM thioguanine and 3 mM ouabain. Occult tumor cells which result from the metastatic spread of this subline are detected by plating cell suspensions from host tissues in selective media containing thioguanine and ouabain (TO). Only the tumor cells survive and form colonies. Tumor cell colonies were recovered when as few as 6 tumor cells mixed with 1 X 10(6) lymph node cells or normal lung cells were plated in TO. Thus, the method potentially will detect the presence of clonogenic tumor cells when the host tissue contains less than 0.0006% tumor cells. Results suggest that, within 15 min of intravenous injection, less than 10% of the injected cells are clonogenic. In addition, clonogenic tumor cells can be detected in draining lymph nodes prior to the appearance of a palpable tumor implant in the subcutis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Primary culture of capillary endothelial cells from the spiral ligament and stria vascularis of bovine inner ear. Retention of several endothelial cell properties in vitro.

Methods for isolation and culture of microvascular endothelial cells of the inner ear were devised to provide an in-vitro system for studying endothelial functions in this tissue. Capillaries from the stria vascularis and spiral ligament were treated enzymatically to free them from surrounding tissue. Contamination by extraneous tissue was minimized by banding capillary segments in Percoll gradients and culture in plasma-derived serum on a fibronectin-coated substrate. Although only small amounts of inner ear tissue were available, tritiated thymidine autoradiography demonstrated that considerable growth in culture was possible. Addition of heparin and endothelial cell growth supplement to the medium enhanced proliferation. The endothelial origin of the cultured cells was confirmed by immunofluorescent demonstration of the presence of Factor VIII-related antigen and angiotensin-converting enzyme. In addition, tight junctions between cells were observed in both thin sections and platinum replicas obtained by freeze-fracture techniques. Endothelial cells from neither the stria vascularis nor the spiral ligament allowed passage of horseradish peroxidase across the monolayer during a 5-min period. However, endothelial cells from the stria vascularis exhibited a greater amount of pinocytotic activity than those of the spiral ligament, a difference that is also observed in vivo. Methods for expanding a small population of endothelial cells with retention of specialized properties into one of sufficient size for morphologic and biochemical studies have been demonstrated for the inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Experience with the temporoparietal fascial free flap.

The temporoparietal fascia is an ideal tissue source for free transfer to distant sites where ultrathin coverage is either desirable or mandatory. The fascia's dependable vascular anatomy facilitates the technical aspects of microvascular transfer by means of its large vessels, ample pedicle, and ability to be grafted on either side. Furthermore, this highly vascular tissue is available in surprisingly large quantities, and its donor scar is hidden in the hair. The authors have found this flap useful (1) in covering exposed bone and tendon without adding unwanted bulk, (2) in providing thin flap coverage or lining in major facial reconstruction, (3) in covering vital structures such as exposed nerves and vessels, (4) in providing neovascularity both as a recipient graft bed and for control of chronic infection, and (5) in reestablishing gliding-tendon mechanisms. The authors have successfully employed this free flap in 15 cases which involved deformities of the ankle, foot, Achilles tendon, forearm, hand, nose, and contralateral ear and scalp. Seven cases are utilized to illustrate the broad application of this unique and versatile free flap.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1984

Treatment experience with 15 MeV fast neutrons in the oral cavity and oropharynx.

All 86 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated with fast neutrons at the Mid-Atlantic Neutron Therapy facility at the Naval Research Laboratory (MANTA) from its inception in 1976 until closing in 1979, are reported. Patients generally had advanced disease or have failed or were failing conventional treatment prior to being treated at MANTA. The fixed horizontal beam parameters were suboptimal. Patients were treated by either neutrons alone or various combinations of neutrons and photons. In patients with T3 or T4 primary carcinomas treated with less than 2100 neutron rad, only 37% (3/11) had a complete response at the primary compared to 57% (24/42) treated to a higher dose. However, there was a significant evidence of radiation related complication. The latter was expected in a phase I/II trial of a new modality such as fast neutrons. Isocentric hospital based cyclotrons should offer some hope of improvement in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tc-99m MDP and indium-111 chloride scintigraphy in skeletal tuberculosis.

A case of diffuse osseous tuberculosis with changes on skeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and indium-111 chloride scintigraphy is presented. Only two other cases of bone scan findings in osseous tuberculosis (TB) were reported in the literature and both show patterns similar to diffuse metastatic disease. In addition, the demonstration of corresponding areas of decreased tracer activity on indium-111 bone marrow scintigraphy is a finding that has not been previously reported for skeletal tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic criteria for scrub typhus: probability values for immunofluorescent antibody and Proteus OXK agglutinin titers.

The sensitivities and specificities of the indirect microimmunofluorescent antibody (IFA) and Weil-Felix (OXK) tests for scrub typhus were established for a range of titers using groups of diseased and control (other febrile illnesses) patients diagnosed by other methods. At a cut-off point of greater than or equal to 1:400, the IFA test was 0.96 specific, and at greater than or equal to 1:320, the OXK was 0.97 specific. Using either these highly specific levels of antibody or other rigorous diagnostic criteria (isolation or 4-fold rising titers), the prevalence of scrub typhus infection was determined to be 0.22 in an unselected population of febrile patients in a rural Malaysian hospital. Probability values (Pr) for the correct diagnosis of scrub typhus were then calculated from the specificity, sensitivity and prevalence determination for a range of titers. The Pr for an OXK titer of greater than or equal to 1:320 was 0.79, and the Pr for an IFA titer of greater than or equal to 1:400 was 0.78. When both these titers were present in a single specimen, the Pr increased to 0.96.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Vestibular-proprioceptive functions in 4 year olds: normative and regression analyses.

Normative data were obtained for 156 pre-school children's performances on measures of muscle tone, muscle co-contraction, standing balance, prone extension posture, flexion supine posture, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, and postrotary nystagmus. Regression analysis indicated that these combined variables accounted for only 13.5 percent of the variance of postrotary nystagmus of 145 four year olds. However, if the data are examined only for children exhibiting nystagmus that is lower than 1 standard deviation below the mean, then these variables account for 50 percent of the variance of nystagmus. Prone extension posture, standing balance-eyes closed, and muscle tone account for 37 percent of the variance within this low-nystagmus population. These results are considered in light of the authors' previous studies demonstrating that, in learning-disabled children, vestibular-proprioceptive measures can be used clinically to predict which children will respond to sensory integration therapy with changes in postrotary nystagmus. These changes, according to sensory integration theory, reflect positive responses to therapy.

Child, Preschool↗