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Biomedical subjects

C Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to C Rogers.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A search for trace expression of placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non-malignant human tissues: demonstration of its occurrence in lung, cervix, testis and thymus.

A search for placental or placental-like human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was made in human tissues. The tissue extracts were assayed for ALP before and after heating at 65 degrees C for 1 h. Trace amounts of heat-stable ALP activity (greater than 0.01 IU/g) were found in lung, testis, cervix and thymus. The heat-stable ALP in these four tissues gave in Ouchterlony double diffusion plates lines of apparent identity with placental ALP when a rabbit anti-human placental antiserum was used. Inhibition studies with L-phenyl-alanine (Phe), L-homoarginine (Har), L-phenylalanylglycylglycine (Pgg), L-leucine (Leu) and levamisole (Leva), were carried out on the heat-stable ALP and on the total ALP. The heat-stable ALPs from cervix and lung gave [I]50 values with each inhibitor comparable to those of placental ALP. The heat-stable ALPs froM testis and thymus gave [I]50 values for Leu and Pgg which were significantly different from the placental isoenzyme. Electrophoresis of heat-stable lung ALP from different individuals showed polymorphic differences similar to those seen with placental ALPs. Such differences were not seen with heat-stable testis ALP. We conclude that human non-malignant testis, cervix, lung and thymus tissues contain small amounts of placental or placental-like ALPs. The heat-stable ALPs in cervix and lung appear to have the same characteristics as placental ALP and are probably encoded by the same gene locus. The heat stable ALPs in testis and thymus, though immunologically very similar to placental ALP differ from it in inhibition profile and electrophoretically. The significance of the results in relation to the "ectopic' expression of placental and placental-like ALPs in malignancy is discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Evolution of alkaline phosphatases in primates.

Alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] in placenta, intestine, liver, kidney, bone, and lung from a variety of primate species has been characterized by quantitative inhibition, thermostability, and immunological studies. Characteristic human placental-type alkaline phosphatase occurs in placentas of great apes (chimpanzee and orangutan) but not in placentas of other primates, including gibbon. It is also present in trace amounts in human lung but not in lung or other tissues of various Old and New World monkeys. However, a distinctive alkaline phosphatase resembling it occurs in substantial amounts in lungs from Old World monkeys but not New World monkeys. It appears that duplication of alkaline phosphatase genes and mutations of genetic elements controlling their tissue expression have occurred relatively recently in mammalian evolution.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Respiratory therapy as a component of an integrated hospital information system: the Parkland On-Line Information System (POIS).

Information handling is an important part of the activities of health care professionals, and the Parkland On-line Information System (POIS)--a computerized hospital information system--was established to more efficiently handle the processing and storage of information in our institution. Computerization of a respiratory therapy department is more effective if done in the context of a comprehensive, integrated hospital information system. Information and requests for services flow into the respiratory therapy departmental computer from other hospital terminals, and information, such as patient charges and statistical data, flow out of the departmental computer to those requesting such information. POIS is an implementation of the IBM Patient Care System. We have found that a computerized hospital information system can facilitate patient care by easing the burden of information processing.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

High-temperature Disruption of Guard Cells of Vicia faba: EFFECT ON STOMATAL APERTURE.

Increased variability in stomatal aperture at high temperatures can be attributed, in part, to the differential sensitivity of guard cells to thermal damage. Individual stomata become increasingly open at higher temperatures until guard cells are lethally damaged; at that temperature, apertures decrease. The extent of irreversible damage causing closure was estimated by K(+) uptake, neutral red accumulation, and visual scoring of chloroplasts.This study found that visual scoring of chloroplast disruption provided the best estimate of guard cell viability at high temperature. Removal of the damaged guard cells from the population sample resulted in a constant coefficient of variability for apertures over the temperature range 25 to 50 C.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

The imbalance of chain synthesis in hemoglobin F.

The synthesis of Hb F has been found to be unbalanced in a number of conditions, including homozygous HPFH, sickle-cell anemia, and normal term cord bloods. In this study, the counts from the pre-gamma and pre-alpha zones of the chain separation chromatogram are considered to be modified gamma and alpha chains, respectively, and are included in calculating the gamm/alpha ratios for cord blood and sickle-cell blood. The gamma chain is labeled about 52% as efficiently as the alpha chain in reticulocytes. It is possible that nu chain synthesis is balanced in the bone marrow, but subsequently becomes unbalanced in the reticulocyte.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1980

Selective training of the vastus medialis muscle using EMG biofeedback.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if, in three weeks, the vastus medialis muscle could be trained to contract independently of the vastus lateralis muscle. Ten subjects attended electromyographic biofeedback training sessions five days a week for three weeks for one half hour each day. During the first two weeks the subjects concentrated on decreasing the activity level of the vastus lateralis muscle, and during the final week they tried to increase the vastus medialis muscle activity level. Significant differences were found in the change in muscle activity level of the vastus lateralis muscle over the first two weeks, in the change of muscle activity level of the vastus medialis muscle over the third week, and in the difference between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activity levels from the first to the third weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Qualitative and quantitative methods of studying the effect of lipids on bacteria grown on the surface of solid culture media.

New qualitative and quantitative methods are described for the investigation of the antibacterial activity of lipids on solid media by the application of lipid-impregnated filter paper over a lawn of the organisms. The methods have been used to investigate the antibacterial activity of unsaturated fatty acids that are important in skin defence. Oleic and linoleic acids inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes markedly, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph epidermidis to a lesser extent and had no effect on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition of growth of a strain of Str. pyogenes from a sore throat was greater than that of a strain from an outbreak of impetigo. Linoleic acid was a more potent inhibitor of bacterial growth than oleic acid, and with both acids inhibition was more pronounced under aerobic than under anaerobic conditions of incubation. The methods described could be applied in other fields such as pharmacology, horticulture and industry.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

Dark Opening of Stomates of Vicia faba in CO(2)-free Air: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON STOMATAL APERTURE AND POTASSIUM ACCUMULATION.

Leaf epidermal strips of Vicia faba were floated on 10 millimolar KCl at temperatures of 10 to 45 C for several time periods in the dark. For the duration of the experiment, a jet of water-saturated, CO(2)-free air was passed over the strips. The width of the stomatal aperture was measured microscopically and the potassium content was estimated and expressed as the percentage of area of the guard cell pair stained with cobaltinitrite. Stomatal opening in the dark occurred at temperatures above 35 C. The high temperature aperture reduction previously observed at 45 C in the light was not observed in the dark. Potassium accumulation occurred at all temperatures except 10 C, with a maximum at 45 C, which appeared functionally different from that seen previously in the light.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Platelet adhesion and aggregation in diabetes mellitus.

Platelets from diabetic patients show both increased platelet adhesiveness and sensitivity to aggregating agents. Plasma levels of the platelet-active von Willebrand Factor and the closely related factor-VIII antigen are significantly elevated, while factor VIII procoagulant activity is not. This may reflect either intravascular coagulation or disproportionate production or degradation. Plasma factors that enhance ADP-induced platelet aggregation are found in 50% of unselected male diabetics. Activity is clearly demonstrated only when plasma is added immediately prior to adding subthreshold doses of ADP to platelet-rich plasma obtained from control subjects. Systematic investigations of the molecular nature of such factors and their interactions with platelets are in progress. In platelets obtained from diabetic subjects, we have previously found increased sensitivity to the aggregating effects of arachidonic acid, and increased synthesis of immunoreactive prostaglandin E-like material. More recent studies have shown that platelets obtained from diabetic subjects are less sensitive to the antiaggregatory effects of imidazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. These observations suggest that increased synthesis of the labile aggregating substance thromboxane A2 also occurs in platelets obtained from diabetics. Collectively, these platelet and plasma abnormalities may contribute to accelerated vascular disease of diabetes. Prospective studies using antiplatelet agents are presently underway or in the planning stages in diabetics to explore their potential beneficial effects.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1977

A new anorexigen assay: stress-induced hyperphagia in rats.

Humans often respond to stress by overeating. A rat model of hyperphagia induced by a stressful tail-pinch has been described. Consumption of sweetened condensed milk by vaive rats was measured durin the stress. This milk drinking was prevented by pretreatment with d-amphetamine, chlorphentermine, diethylpropion, fenfluramine, methamphetamine, morphine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. The benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide and diazepam increased the hyperphagia. The relevance of dopaminergic agonistic and antagonist activities to anorexigenic activity are questioned.

Analgesics↗