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Biomedical subjects

C Richard

Publications and source records attributed to C Richard.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Apropos of a case].

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (CNEC) is a rare tumour. We report the case of a 75-year old woman affected with a rapidly progressive CNEC of the right cheek which kept recurring despite surgical excision followed by radiotherapy. The clinical features of CNEC are not specific. The tumour is located in the dermis, and the tumoral cells (Merkel cells) have a monotonous appearance. Gould's classification of these carcinomas into three types has a prognostic value. Immunohistochemistry is a mandatory complement to light microscope examination. It is very difficult to distinguish between CNEC and metastasis from a visceral small cell carcinoma. Treatment consists of surgery combined with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was very successful in our patient and should be considered in other cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of liver biopsy in internal medicine. Apropos of a series of 300 puncture biopsies].

Between April 1976 and March 1987, in an Internal Medicine department some 300 unguided percutaneous liver biopsies were performed, using the Tru-Cut excision needle. The procedure contributed to the diagnosis in 76.2% of the cases. In alcoholism-related pathology with its specific lesions, liver biopsy is particularly useful in diagnosing incipient fatty degeneration and hepatitis and helps in the prognosis of cirrhosis. In chronic hepatitis, it asserts the diagnosis and provides aetiological and prognostic data. The finding of granulomas at histology sometimes clinches a hitherto undecided diagnosis : sarcoidosis or tuberculosis? The diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis rests on convergent clinical, biochemical and histological elements. In blood diseases, liver biopsy is of interest on three scores: it shows whether or not the liver is involved, detects intercurrent complications and evaluates the extent of the lesions before treatment. When performed after ultrasonography, it enables intrahepatic cholestasis to be recognized and extrahepatic cholestasis, unidentified by ultrasounds, to be suspected. In primary biliary cirrhosis, it confirms the diagnosis and informs on the severity and progressiveness of the disease. In hepatic cancers, liver biopsy has recently been superseded by computerized tomography and ultrasonography. Finally, it largely contributes to the diagnosis of overload disease and evaluates their activity and their impact on the liver.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic urticaria. A placebo-controlled double blind study.

Helicobacter pylori has been involved in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in patients suffering both CIU and H. pylori infection. We selected 49 patients with 13C urea breath test positive, long-lasting CIU and H. pylori infection; 20 remained symptomatic, had positive urease test or H. pylori histologic identification in gastric biopsy material and accepted to participate in a pacebo-controlled treatment trial. They were randomized for a 7-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled H. pylori eradication treatment with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazol or placebo. H. pylori eradication was assessed by a second 13C urea breath test six weeks after the end of treatment. We observed a significant improvement of more than 70 % of CIU; baseline clinical score was seen in 4 of the 9 (44 %) patients who eradicated H. pylori after active treatment and in 1 of the 7 (12,3 %) of those who did not (p = 0.19). No clinical differences in CIU characteristics were found between patients with and without improvement. No serious adverse effects were observed in either treatment group. We conclude that the eradication of H. pylori may be useful for patients suffering long-lasting CIU and H. pylori infection, although theses results did not reach statistical significance probably owing to the strict conditions of the recruitment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA relatedness between Enterobacter sakazakii and other members of the genus Enterobacter.

A DNA-DNA hybridization study (nitrocellulose filter method) was carried out with 13 strains of Enterobacter sakazakii and 38 strains belonging to other Enterobacter species (E. cloacae, E. amnigenus, E. intermedium and E. gergoviae). E. sakazakii strains were highly related (mean relative binding ratio +/- standard deviation: 89% +/- 10) to the strain R 16-76 (labelled DNA). No close relationship was found with the other Enterobacter species. The low relative binding ratios were not due to a difference in genome size (as shown by reciprocal binding experiments).

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriology and nutrition of environmental strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae involved in wood and bark decay.

Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from screening procedures for wood- and bark-decaying bacteria. Their bacteriological and biochemical properties, their sensitivity to antibiotics and assimilation of wood components were analysed. Most were pectinolytic, degraded xylan and different phenolic compounds. Unusual associations of capsular polysaccharides and biotypes were observed. The nitrogen fixation ability of these strains was also tested.

Klebsiella pneumoniae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A medium for rapid and economic identification of Escherichia coli lactose+ colonies: brilliant green-bile-lactose-tryptophan broth].

Among 17 lactose-fermenting species of Enterobacteriaceae (735 strains studied), only Escherichia coli could grow at 44 degrees C in brilliant green/ bile/lactose/L-tryptophan broth (BLBVB-T) with production of gas and indole. When the inoculum was from a lactose+ colony developed on selective or differential agar media commonly used in enteric bacteriology, detection of gas and indole in BLBVB-T after 8 to 18 h incubation at 44 degrees C allowed good identification of E. coli. The use of a single-test medium for the identification of lactose+ E. coli saves time and money.

Bile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and description of strains of Flavobacterium multivorum of telluric origin].

Twenty encapsulated strains of Flavobacterium multivorum were isolated from soil by elective culture in minimal medium containing inulin as the sole source of carbon and energy. These strains were compared with the type strain and with 5 other strains (including 4 clinical strains) of F. multivorum. Of 168 substrates tested, 18 carbohydrates were used as the sole carbon and energy source by all 26 strains. A few amino acids were used by some strains. The yellow pigment produced was found to be a carotene and its production was photo-inducible. The presence of a cytochrome c oxidase of the aa3 type was suggested by absorption spectra. The major cell lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingolipids; the major fatty acids were 13-methyltetradecanoic and 2-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoic acids. Soil and clinical strains of F. multivorum showed roughly similar patterns of antibiotic multiresistance. The average G + C content of the DNA of 11 strains was 40.8 +/- 1.5 mol%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of Escherichia hermannii by electrophoresis of esterases, acid phosphatase and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases].

Esterases, acid phosphatase and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases of 11 strains of Escherichia hermannii were analysed by horizontal electrophoresis in polyacrylamide agarose gel. Seven esterase bands were defined by their range of activity on synthetic substrates and their sensitivity or resistance to di-isopropyl fluorophosphate. These bands were different in activity and in mobility from those produced by E. coli strains. On the basis of variations in mobility of glutamate and malate dehydrogenases and in the number and mobility of esterases, the strains were divided into 3 zymotypes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenoviral infections after transplantation of positive selected stem cells from haploidentical donors in children: an update.

UNLABELLED: We present updated results of stem cell transplantation with highly purified stem cells from haploidentical parental donors and infection with human adenovirus (HAdV) post stem cell transplantation (SCT). Survival post SCT is primarily determined by relapse, infections and far less by GvHD or other transplant related mortality. During the immune reconstitution the host is at significant risk for severe viral infections. HAdV infection is especially in children an important complication post SCT, with significant morbidity and mortality despite new antiviral treatment strategies. Although control of infection seems to require T-cells, the characterization of HAdV-specific T-cells post SCT has not been introduced in surveillance and treatment decisions. METHODS: Therefore we evaluated the impact of HAdV-infections on the survival between 1995 and 2004 (n = 63) and studied the occurrence of adenovirus-specific T-cells in children with (n = 9) and without (n = 9) HAdV-infection post allogeneic SCT and in healthy donors (n = 53). After stimulation ex-vivo with HAdV-antigen IFN-gamma secreting T-cells were analyzed by flowcytometry and defined as HAdV-specific T-cells. RESULTS: Until day 180 post SCT the cumulative incidence of all lethal viral infections (HAdV n = 5, cytomegalovirus n = 3, herpes simplex virus n = 1) was 16 % for the whole cohort of patients. Cumulative incidence of HAdV-associated mortality was 8.5 %. Cumulative incidence of all lethal viral infections could be now reduced from 16 % to 8 % in conjunction with new surveillance- and therapeutic-strategies. Children with HAdV-associated mortality all had no specific T-cells, although reconstitution of absolute lymphocyte counts exceeded 300/microl within 30 days post transplant. Patients who cleared HAdV infection had normal frequencies of HAdV-specific T-cells until day 200 post SCT. CONCLUSION: In summary adenovirus specific T-cell reconstitution should be monitored in patients after SCT to limit the use of anti viral chemotherapy and help to identify those patients that would benefit from new therapeutic strategies like adoptive transfer of virus specific T-cells.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudomonas cepacia typing systems: collaborative study to assess their potential in epidemiologic investigations.

To determine the utility of available Pseudomonas cepacia typing systems for confirming the relatedness of isolates, we applied these methods to isolates associated with previously investigated nosocomial outbreaks. We compared chromosome analysis, serologic reactions, biochemical tests, bacteriocin production and susceptibility, and antimicrobial susceptibility in their ability to determine outbreak relatedness. Chromosome analysis, serologic reactions, and biochemical tests were each demonstrated to be epidemiologically useful methods for typing isolates. Determination of the sensitivity and specificity of these typing techniques will facilitate their application in the epidemiologic study of this increasingly important nosocomial pathogen.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical 0.1% indomethacin solution versus topical 0.1% dexamethasone solution in the prevention of inflammation after cataract surgery. The Study Group.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical 0.1% indomethacin with 0.1% dexamethasone after cataract surgery. METHODS: 145 patients (indo = 71, dexa = 74) were enrolled in a randomised, double-masked study and received one drop 4 times a day of indomethacin or dexamethasone for 1 month. RESULTS: Proteinic flare and cellular Tyndall decreased with time in both groups, with a difference in favour of indomethacin for cellular Tyndall on day 30 (p = 0.046). Conjunctival hyperaemia was less pronounced in the dexamethasone group on day 30 (p = 0.03). Tolerance of both drugs was good. CONCLUSION: 0.1% Indomethacin solution appears to be as safe and efficient as 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops in the management of post-operative inflammation and could be a good alternative to the use of steroids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of topical 0.05% levocabastine and 0.1% lodoxamide in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Study Group.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.05% levocabastine eyedrops (H1 receptor blocker given BID + vehicle BID) compared with 0.1% lodoxamide ophthalmic solution (mast-cell stabilizer instilled QID) in reducing ocular signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: A randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study was conducted in seven centres in France, in which 93 patients suffering from seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis were randomly allocated to either 0.05% levocabastine (n = 47) or 0.1% lodoxamide (n = 46) in both eyes for a 14-day period. Efficacy was evaluated by subjective (prickling, burning, photophobia, itching) and objective (redness, chemosis, eyelid edema, tearing) sign scores at visits on days 7 and 14, and from data noted daily by the patient in a self-evaluation form. Safety was assessed as tolerance upon instillation and adverse event reports. RESULTS: The ocular allergy symptom and sign scores were comparable in the two treatment groups at baseline. With time, statistically and clinically significant reductions (p < 0.001) from baseline were observed for the subjective and objective scores, with no difference between the treatment groups. After the first instillation, signs were alleviated more rapidly in levocabastine-treated patients than in the lodoxamide group (p < 0.001). Overall assessments by the patient and investigator were similar in both groups. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Levocabastine ophthalmic suspension 0.05% (BID) appears to be as effective and safe as lodoxamide 0.1% (QID) in the management of allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antigenic relationships between "Levinea amalonatica" and "Shigella dysenteriae" and "boydii" (author's transl)].

Twenty-eight strains among thirty-five Levinea amalonatica show O antigenic relationships with Shigella as follows: with S. dysenteriae 3 (5 strains), S. dysenteriae 4 (1 strain), S. dysenteriae 5 (3 strains), S. dysenteriae 7 (11 strains), S. boydii 6 (7 strains), and with both S. boydii 15 and S. dysenteriae 8 (1 strain). These strains do not induce purulent keratogenous conjunctivitis in Guinea pigs as Shigella do.

Agglutination↗
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[O and H antigens of "Levinea malonatica" (author's transl)].

A serological study of representative strains of Levinea malonatica allows to identify fourteen O factors and seven H factors. The structure of the somatic antigens is rather complicated: group factors (1, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14) and type factors (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) can be distinguished. Flagellar antigens are monophasic; reciprocal cross-reactions between H antigens of L. malonatica are rarely found. The determinations of O and H antigens are performed by the tube agglutination method. A preliminary scheme of serotypes (serovars) is proposed: thirty-nine strains of L. malonatica are distributed among fourteen different serotypes (serovars). A more extensive serotyping scheme would be useful in the future for epidemiological purposes.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential arterial hypertension. A study in non-diabetic patients].

To evaluate the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension, we studied, cross-sectionally, 64 subjects with essential hypertension and no diabetes. Urinary albumin excretion and Sokolow index correlated significantly (r = 0.483; P = 0.0001). Five subjects were positive for microalbuminuria (> 30 mg/24 h) and Sokolow index (> 35 mm); 43 were negative for both, with a concordance rate of 77 percent (chi-squared test 11.1; P = 0.0009). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated two independent determinants for urinary albumin excretion: Sokolow index (F = 18.29), and diastolic blood pressure (F = 12.23). The relationships between urinary albumin excretion, Sokolow index, and blood pressure were not different in the 18 subjects taking angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors and in the 46 others. The close relationship between urinary albumin excretion and Sokolow index observed in this study suggests that left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension may account for the increased cardiovascular mortality observed in non diabetic subjects with microalbuminuria.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatic and renal toxicity of paracetamol in chronic alcoholic patient].

After taking paracetamol regularly in therapeutic doses, a non-cirrhotic alcoholic subject developed hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure. This case is compared with 13 others found in the literature, and the clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of such accidents are described. The severity of the acute renal failure is proven by the fact that 50% of the patients had to be put under dialysis. The potentiation of acetaminophen renal and hepatic toxicity by alcohol toxicity is discussed. The principal mechanism of enhancement is the activation of the cytochrome P 450 system associated with depletion of intracellular glutathione.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antinuclear antibodies and PHA response in rheumatoid arthritis].

We have studied the in vitro PHA response of two groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients differing only in the presence or absence of antinuclear antibodies. The response was depressed in positive patients and normal in negative patients. Differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell sub-populations or lymphocytotoxic antibodies do not seem to explain this observation. Simple antinuclear antibody screening could serve as a simple method to identify a sub-group of immunodepressed rheumatoid patients as potential candidates for immunostimulating therapy.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗