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Biomedical subjects

C Reiter

Publications and source records attributed to C Reiter.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Chromolipid storage in alveolar macrophages: a distinctive mark for cigarette smokers].

Histological and cytological examinations of 188 autopsies--113 smokers and 75 non-smokers--established that cigarette smoke causes increase and multiplication of alveolar macrophages which contain inclusions of ceroid-like pigment. Acute death by fire, delayed asphyxia and putrefaction have no influence on the formation of these sudanophilic inclusions. The pigment is resistant to decomposition and lipid-solvents. It is possible to identify cigarette-smokers--even months after burial--by means of paraffin sections of lung tissue and proceeding with fat--staining methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Species determination of puparia of forensically important blowflies].

The cephalopharyngealsclerite and the morphology of the 12th puparian segment provide useful recognition features to distinguish the puparia of forensically important blow-fly species. In addition it was found that the size of the puparia can only make restricted reference to the identification of the species. The most useful characters of the puparia are finally collected in a classification key.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Determination of maggot species of forensically significant blow flies].

The morphology of the cephalopharyngealsklerite, the 12th segment of the maggot and the anterior respiratory openings together provide useful recognition features to distinguish the maggots of forensically important blow-fly species. The significant characters of the maggots are finally collected in a classification key.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sulphate conjugation of p-hydroxytriamterene by platelet phenol sulphotransferase: assay conditions and correlation with metabolism in man.

1 Sulphate conjugation catalyzed by phenol sulphotransferase (PST) is an important pathway in the metabolism of many drugs including triamterene. Variations in PST activity in an easily obtained tissue such as the platelet might reflect individual differences in the sulphate conjugation in other organs and tissues. Human platelets contain at least two forms of PST, a thermolabile (TL) form for which dopamine is a substrate and a thermostable (TS) form for which low concentrations of p-nitrophenol serve as a substrate. 2 p-OH-triamterene, the major metabolite of triamterene, is conjugated with sulphate in vivo. p-OH-triamterene was a substrate for platelet PST with an apparent Michaelis-Menten value of 26 microM. Thermal stability studies indicated that p-OH-triamterene was a substrate for only the TS form of platelet PST. 3 When platelet homogenates from 29 individual subjects were tested, there was a significant correlation between PST activities measured with 4 microM p-nitrophenol and with p-OH-triamterene (r = 0.985, P less than 0.0001) but not between activities measured with dopamine and with p-OH-triamterene (r = 0.023, P greater than 0.2). These results confirmed that p-OH-triamterene was a substrate for only the TS form of human platelet PST. 4 The same 29 subjects were treated with 1 mg/kg of triamterene orally. 24-h urinary excretions of triamterene, p-OH-triamterene and p-OH-triamterene sulphate averaged 15.3%, 6.3% and 78.4%, respectively, of the total of triamterene plus measured metabolites excreted. The excretion of triamterene plus the two metabolites averaged 43.1 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- s.e. mean) of the ingested dose. There was not a significant correlation between the proportion of p-OH-triamterene excreted as sulphate conjugate and the activities of either the TS or TL forms of platelet PST activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rat phenol sulfotransferase. Assay procedure, developmental changes, and glucocorticoid regulation.

Phenol sulfotransferase (PST) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of phenolic monoamines and phenolic drugs. It has been difficult to measure PST activity in tissue homogenates accurately because of the presence of potent endogenous PST inhibitors. Optimal conditions were determined for the assay of rat PST in very dilute tissue homogenates. These conditions negated the effects of endogenous enzyme inhibitors. Apparent Km values for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, the sulfate acceptor substrate used, were 0.15, 0.14, and 0.02 mM for liver, kidney, and brain homogenates respectively. Apparent Km values in the same tissues for 3'phosphoadenosine-5'phosphosulfate, the sulfate donor, were 0.11, 0.07, and 0.07 microM respectively. Rat PST activity expressed per mg protein increased 6.3-fold in the liver, 6.6-fold in the brain, and did not change in the kidney between birth and 10 weeks of age. There was a 5-fold increase in kidney PST activity in both adrenalectomized and sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with dexamethasone (7 mumoles/kg daily for 3 days). Brain enzyme activity was unchanged and liver PST activity increased only 41% during 72 hr of daily treatment with dexamethasone. Basal enzyme activities in all three tissues were no different in adrenalectomized and sham-operated animals. The increase in rat kidney PST activity in response to dexamethasone was dose dependent, and treatment of animals with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, blocked the elevation of kidney PST activity after dexamethasone. Treatment of eight inbred and two outbred rats strains with dexamethasone resulted in striking increases in renal PST, smaller increases in liver PST, and no changes in brain enzyme activity in all ten strains.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

[Remarks on the morphology of forensically significant fly maggots].

For medico-legal purposes, usually as an aid in establishing the time of death, it is considered essential for forensic pathologists to have detailed entomological knowledge regarding the recognition and classification of several types of flies and their maggots, including the families of Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae. We try to deal with the description of external and internal morphology of cyclorrhaphous maggots, the biology and lifecycles of blowflies, houseflies and fleshflies.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Platelet phenol sulfotransferase activity: correlation with sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen.

Human platelets contain two independently regulated forms of the drug conjugating enzyme, phenol sulfotransferase (PST). One form of platelet PST activity is relatively thermolabile (TL) and the other is relatively thermostable (TS). Acetaminophen is a substrate for both the TS and TL forms of PST. Our aim was to determine whether individual variations in platelet PST activity might reflect variations in teh sulfate conjugation of oral acetaminophen. Platelet PST activity was measured in blood samples from 29 randomly selected subjects. There was no significant correlation between the independently regulated activities of the TS and TL forms of PST in the platelets of these subjects (r = 0.16, P less than 0.4). Each of the 29 subjects ingested 10 mg/kg acetaminophen and 24-hr urinary excretions of acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide, and acetaminophen sulfate were measured. Average 24-hr urinary excretions of acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide, and acetaminophen sulfate were 2.3%, 46.9%, and 35.0% of the total dose of drug. There were significant correlations between the activities of both the TS and TL forms of platelet PST and the excretion of acetaminophen sulfate expressed as a percentage of the dose of the drug (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001; r = 0.456, P less than 0.02). The correlation coefficient between the TS activity and the excretion of acetaminophen sulfate was significant when the excretion of sulfate conjugate was expressed as a percentage of the sum of acetaminophen plus conjugated metabolites excreted (r = 0.565, P less than 0.002). Our data demonstrate that relative levels of platelet PST activity reflect individual variations in the urinary excretion of the sulfate conjugate of acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

["Bolt projectiles" discharged from modified humane killers (author's transl)].

Some common types of "humane killers" are supplied with rubber bushings and recoil springs holding back the bolt, which afterwards is rebound into the barrel. Removal of the rubber bush and withdrawal spring before firing can cause the bolt to break and become a free projectile. A suicide case is reported, in which a livestock stunner discharged a steel bolt penetrating the forehead and getting stuck in the skull.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pump-gun as a weapon. Type of injuries, prohibition of weapons].

Pumpguns are shotguns with pump action whose injuries and wound mechanisms have several special features: extremely high kinetic energy of the shot (2500 to 3500 J) frequent cases of "Krönlein shots" (exenteration of the brain) punchmark/imprint immediately adjacent to the entrance wound from the front of the pipe magazine exit wounds from buckshot may be similar to pellet entrance injuries from a distant shotgun discharge the use of various shotgun cartridges (plastic ammunition, slug bullet, various lead pellets) within the same weapon. The change in the Austrian gun law and the banning of the pumpgun in 1995 is also discussed in the article.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Not Available].

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Dermatology↗