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Biomedical subjects

C Reiter

Publications and source records attributed to C Reiter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Removal of neuroblastoma cells from bone marrow by a direct monoclonal antibody rosetting technique.

A one-step direct monoclonal antibody rosetting technique is described for removal of neuroblastoma cells from bone marrow. Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (BW 575, BW 625) were directly coupled to ox red blood cells by use of CrCl3. The IgG1 antibody BW 575 detects a 95-kD neuroblastoma cell-associated glycoprotein and the IgG3 antibody BW 625 recognizes the ganglioside GD 2. After coupling MoAbs to the erythrocytes, specific strong and stable rosettes were formed with neuroblastoma cells and effectively separated from mononuclear cells using density gradient centrifugation. A total of 1.5% IMR5 neuroblastoma cells were reliably removed from mononuclear cells beyond the limit of detection (less than 0.01%) as judged by tetanus toxin labeling. No impairment of stem cell growth (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM, CFU-M) was observed. Recovery rate of mononuclear cells ranged between 35 and 69%. A red blood cell/nucleated cell ratio more than 50:1 resulted in increased loss of mononuclear cells and a ratio less than 30:1 in incomplete neuroblastoma cell removal. Using indirect rosettes the purging efficacy was lower and the mononuclear cell loss higher. We conclude that the direct monoclonal antibody rosetting technique may be a technically simple and effective alternative purging method for neuroblastoma patients, which is applicable even in cases demonstrating weak expression of one antigen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[Large droplet lipids in blood in the right ventricle].

In several cases of fatal blunt-trauma injuries or after exposure to severe burning, large-drop fatty substances, discernible to the naked eye, were found in the venous blood of the right ventricle. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of the extracted lipids demonstrated an increase in the triglyceride fraction. Analysis of the fatty acids by means of combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed a shift towards oleic acid. The distribution pattern of the molecular weights was determined by means of DCI-mass spectrometry in order to characterize the triglycerides in detail. The total chemical findings indicated that the visible lipids present in the right ventricle had predominantly derived from the adipose tissues. In cases of post mortem burning (without vital traumata) no typical pulmonary fat embolism had developed despite massive lipemia in the venous blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Endogenous strangulation caused by fibromatosis colli].

The case report is presented of fatal endogenous strangulation of a seven week-old male infant due to a fibrous sternomastoid tumour. Postmortem examination showed severe congestion of the cerebral veins and conjunctiva with ecchymoses just like after use of concentric force against cervical viscera. On the basis of the results of the histological examination, the possible influence of birth trauma on the aetiology of this type of fibromatosis is discussed.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1986

[Periventricular fatty metamorphosis in neuroglia--a morphologic substrate in SIDS].

In 7 of 15 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), distinct periventricular fatty metamorphosis of the neuroglia could be demonstrated by a histological staining technique. None of the six children (under 1 year of age) used as a control group whose cause of death was not SIDS showed this morphological change. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids accumulated in the glial cells in SIDS established a high amount of esterified cholesterol whereas the content of esterified cholesterol in the control group was low. We presume that fatty metamorphosis of the neuroglia represents the morphological substrate of a metabolic disorder of the sensitive, immature glia of the periventricular white cerebral matter caused by various kinds of damage.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1986

Fluorescence test to identify deep smokers.

The lungs of deep smokers contain large numbers of alveolar macrophages with pigment granules in the cytoplasma that are demonstrable by means of fat stains and a distinct green-yellow inherent fluorescence at a wave length range of 350-450 nm. Systematic examinations to test the eluting effect of different solvents on the substances contained in the smoker cells revealed that only extraction in the polar solvent tetrahydrofurane and Folch's solution leads to a reduction of the inherent fluorescence of the pigment granules. Centrifugation of cell or tissue specimens of smoker lungs with Folch's solution results in the fluorescent substances passing into the chloroform phase of the extracting medium, which fluoresces milky-orange-green at a wave length of 366 nm under an ultraviolet lamp. As the fluorescence test is also independent of the degree of freshness of the corpse, extraction of the cell sediments of only a few milliliters of expressed lung tissue fluid or lung tissue mash allows to quickly establish a dead person's smoking habits to help identify the deceased.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1986

Protection of mice against tetanus toxin by combination of two human monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes on the toxin molecule.

Human B-lymphocytes were fused with the human lymphoblastoid B-cell line WI-L2-729 HF2. Hybridoma frequencies were in the range of 10(-5) when the mononuclear cells were (a) prestimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), (b) fused with polyethyleneglycol (PEG), and (c) selected in a hypoxanthine-azaserine (HAza) containing medium. To generate monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for tetanus toxin (TToxin) human spleen cells were precultured with PWM plus tetanus toxoid (TToxoid) in two separate fusions. Two hybridomas were selected based on high binding activity using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TToxoid. Both hybridomas, cloned twice and designated anti-TT1 and anti-TT2, exhibited a near tetraploid karyotype and showed stable production of antibody (0.15 micrograms/ml) over several months. Using ELISA for fragments of TToxin and the immunoblotting technique, the two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies were found to bind to the heavy chain portion of the B-fragment (anti-TT1) and on the C-fragment (anti-TT2) of the toxin. When tested in an ELISA with TToxin the combination of anti-TT1 and anti-TT2 showed higher binding activity than either reagent alone. In an in vivo neutralization assay mice were completely protected against TToxin by the combination of the two antibodies while either antibody alone resulted only in a delay of death of the mice. These findings demonstrate that a cocktail of appropriate human monoclonal antibodies can be far superior to a single reagent when used in a therapeutic setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Delayed epipleural hematoma as a fatal complication following blunt chest injury].

Delayed epipleural haematoma was found on autopsy of a 92-year-old woman after a fall at her home. X-ray performed 3 hours after the blunt thoracic trauma showed fractures of 5 ribs on the right side without any indication of intrathoracic bleeding or masses. Dressing and moving the patient about one day later caused multiple injuries of intercostal arteries and subsequently led to epipleural haematoma and unexpected death. Origin and morphology of epipleural haematoma are discussed with reference to a pertinent report in the literature. Hospitalization, with utmost care in nursing attention, is recommended in the treatment of patients presenting with thoracic trauma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Smoking behavior and cytology of the cells of smokers].

Cytological examinations of lung impression preparations from 131 smoker lungs revealed that the content of smoker cells within lung tissue increases up to a daily consumption of 40 cigarettes. Additional cigarette consumption does not raise the number of smoker cells further. Determination of the nuclei content in the smoker cells of groups with different consumption rates showed that the number of macrophages with more than two nuclei increases in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked. If more than 50 cigarettes a day were smoked, many multinucleated giant cells were observed. Anamnestic inquiries proved that these cytological changes in the lungs were caused exclusively by the smoking habits of the deceased. Not only the number of cigarettes used per day, but also the manner of inhalation and peculiarities of cigarette smoking are reflected in the morphological changes of lung tissue. For the forensic pathologist, examination of lung impression preparations from smoker lungs makes it possible to note the quantity of daily cigarette consumption of a dead person to help to identify the deceased.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1984

[Proof of death by drowning by smoker cells washed into the left heart blood].

Post-mortem cytological examinations of left heart blood have established that in cigarette smokers drowning or aspiration of liquids cause smoker cells to be washed from the pulmonary alveoli into the heart blood. Cytochemical detection of smoker cells in the heart blood is recommended as a forensic test with regard to diagnosing the vitality of drowning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Age-dependent changes in the intestinal contents of blowfly maggots--a study method in the framework of forensic determination of the time of death].

Maggots of the forensically important blowfly species Calliphora vicina were reared under three different temperature conditions. They were fed food containing insoluable contrast medium. Subsequent radiological examinations proved that the maggots stopped eating immediately upon attaining their maximum length. During the course of their subsequent development, the anterior intestine always remains empty. The evaluation of intestinal filling in blowfly maggots represents an efficient method of determining larval age in establishing time of death.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Brain stem hemorrhage from capillary telangiectasis--a substrate of sudden death from natural causes].

Pontine haematomas because of capillary telangiectasis must be considered a rare condition. This report deals with autopsies of five such cases. In two of these there was rapid loss of consciousness and/or immediate death, as established by circumstantial evidence. These haematomas proved-- in the estimation of the authors--to be lethal. The two other cases had uremia, and the possibility is discussed that these haemorrhages could be a terminal, concomitant feature of this underlying disease. Whatever significance the brain-stem haemorrhages may have, however attention must be given to these morphological findings in cases of sudden natural death. For the forensic investigator it is also important to know that capillary telangiectasis could be the cause of an accident.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[2-stage rupture of the liver as a complication of external heart massage].

A delayed rupture of the liver after resuscitation is reported. In the case of a 27-year-old woman, pulmonary embolism was followed by asystolia, which was remedied by external cardiac massage. This procedure caused ruptures of the liver, which first led to the formation of a subcapsular hematoma and 5 1/2 hours later, due to a secondary rupture of the capsule, led to internal bleeding and death. Degenerative changes of the parenchyma cells in the vicinity of the rupture were recognized, as well as fibrin separations on the detached Glisson's capsule, as signs of a survival period of several hours. Histological investigation of the lungs revealed a hepatocellular embolism and--in the absence of rib or sternum fractures--fat and bone-marrow embolisms. The morphological findings are discussed with reference to pertinent reports in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Growth behavior of the blue blowfly Calliphora vicina maggots].

Fifty-three clusters of blowfly eggs of the genus Calliphora vicina were observed in the laboratory up to the hatching stage under reproducible and virtually field-like conditions. Rearing the larvae was then continued up to pupation, the larval growth in length being recorded several times a day. As the object was to study the dependence of the larvae increase in length on the temperature conditions in vitro, the substratal humidity and food supply were kept unchanged during the entire study. The temperature ranged from 6.5 degrees C to 35 degrees C, with the temperature for the individual cluster kept constant during the entire developmental process. Data on about 5500 measured larvae were statistically evaluated. The basic result established was that in the case of the blowfly of the genus Calliphora vicina in vivo, all developmental stages relevant to the entomologic determination of the time of death depend on the temperature conditions: (1) the duration of the egg stage increases with decreasing temperature; (2) the speed of larval growth is slower at lower temperatures; (3) the maximal larval length is reached earlier at higher temperatures; (4) the mean value of maximal length decreases with increasing temperature; (5) larvae under all temperature conditions decrease in size after having reached their maximal length, the decrease in length being more rapid at higher temperatures; (6) constant temperatures over 30 degrees C lead to "stunted forms" which do not pupate and die; (7) constant temperatures under approximately 16 degrees C after the peak of growth has been reached inhibit the readiness to pupate, which causes the larvae to fall into a stationary state of rest, which will be interrupted only when the temperature is raised and resumption of the metamorphosis is thus induced. To allow rapid reconstruction of the larval age in general practice, the established growth data were set out in the form of a diagram designated isomegalendiagram, which permits temperature-fluctuation-related entomologic determination of the time of death with a maximum degree of accuracy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Thermolabile and thermostable human platelet phenol sulfotransferase. Substrate specificity and physical separation.

Human platelets contain at least two forms of phenol sulfotransferase (PST), a thermolabile (TL) form for which dopamine is a substrate and a thermostable (TS) form for which micromolar concentrations of phenol can serve as substrate. At higher concentrations phenol is also a substrate for the TL form. Studies of the regulation and the possible clinical value of measurements of platelet PST have been hampered because there is no specific substrate for the TS form of the enzyme. The purposes of these experiments were to determine whether there might be a better substrate than phenol for use in measurement of the activity of the TS form of platelet PST, and to attempt to physically separate the two forms of the platelet enzyme. The results of substrate kinetic, thermal stability, and inhibitor studies performed with platelet homogenates were all compatible with the conclusion that p-nitrophenol and 6-OH-melatonin were substrates for both the TS and TL forms of platelet PST. Norepinephrine, epinephrine and 5-OH-tryptamine were substrates for only the TL form. The apparent Km constants of the two forms of PST for p-nitrophenol differed by 7,100-fold when measured in platelet homogenates. This difference was 200 times greater than that which has been reported for phenol. Therefore, p-nitrophenol is the preferred substrate for measurement of the TS PST activity if interference by the TL activity is to be avoided. This information made it possible to use p-nitrophenol as a substrate in experiments designed to separate the two forms of platelet PST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arylsulfotransferase↗