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C Ratnakar

Publications and source records attributed to C Ratnakar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Value of core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours.

We performed a prospective study to determine the accuracy of core needle biopsy in the diagnosis and grading of soft tissue tumours and to study the morbidity of core needle biopsy. Forty one cases of soft tissue tumours, 24 of them malignant and 17 benign, were biopsied with an 18G core needle. Core needle biopsy reports were compared with the final histopathological report after definitive procedure or incisional biopsy. 85.3% of core biopsies yielded adequate sample. Core needle biopsy had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 88.23%. Overall accuracy for diagnosis of malignancy was 94.28%, 77.7% of tumours were correctly subtyped and none of them were histologically graded. There was no immediate complication of haemorrhage in any of the cases. Thus, we conclude that core needle biopsy is equivalent to incisional biopsy in diagnostic accuracy and being simple, less expensive and unlikely to compromise further management, can be used in place of open biopsy of soft tissue tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Clinical and sonographic findings in carcinoma of the penis.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the accuracy of high-resolution sonography in measuring penile carcinoma. METHODS: Sonography was performed using a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer in 59 patients with penile carcinoma. The sonographic measurement of tumor extent was compared with clinical and pathologic measurements. The tumor extent measured by gross pathologic evaluation on cut sections of the fresh penectomy specimen was used as the definitive standard. The echogenicity of the tumor was compared with that of the surrounding normal penile tissue to classify the tumor as hyperechoic, hypoechoic, or of mixed echogenicity (containing both hyperechoic and hypoechoic elements). We evaluated the relationship between the echogenicity of the tumor and both tumor morphology (exophytic or infiltrative) and tumor grade as determined on pathologic examination. RESULTS: The overall mean difference +/- standard deviation in the tumor extent between clinical and gross pathologic evaluation was 3.9 +/- 5.3 mm (range, 1-9 mm), whereas the overall mean difference between sonographic and gross pathologic evaluation was 1.2 +/- 1.7 mm (range, 1-7 mm). As determined with reference to the gross pathologic extent, the error in measuring the extent on clinical examination was significantly greater than the error on sonography (p < 0.001). Lesions involving the glans alone were more often underestimated by clinical examination than were lesions involving the shaft (with or without glanular involvement). The error in measuring the extent of tumor by sonography was not related to the site of the tumor. The tumor was hyperechoic in 21 cases (36%), hypoechoic in 28 cases (47%), and of mixed echogenicity in 10 cases (17%). There was no significant association between echogenicity and tumor morphology or grade. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography gives a more accurate estimate of penile tumor extent than does physical examination. Routine use of sonography for such measurements should enable preservation of more of the penis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The histological extent of the local spread of carcinoma of the penis and its therapeutic implications.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of reducing the margin of clearance at surgery for carcinoma of the penis without causing an increase in the incidence of local tumour recurrence, so that the functional and cosmetic compromise associated with penectomy might be minimized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent partial or total penectomy based on the extent of tumour. The specimens were evaluated histologically for grade and for proximal microscopic extensions beyond the grossly visible tumour margin, by examining serial proximal 5 mm sections. The histological grade of the lesion was correlated with its clinical site, morphology and proximal microscopic spread. Differences were assessed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Of 64 tumours, 31% were grade 1, 50% grade 2 and the remaining 19% grade 3. Higher grade lesions were more likely to involve the penile shaft. The maximum proximal histological extent was 5 mm for grades 1 and 2, and 10 mm for grade 3 tumours; there was no discontinuous spread. CONCLUSIONS: Histological grading is mandatory in the management of carcinoma of the penis. A 10-mm clearance is adequate for grade 1 and 2 lesions, and 15 mm for grade 3 tumours. This approach would qualify more patients for partial rather than total amputation; the residual length of the penis would then be cosmetically and functionally more acceptable.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford): a case report.

A new case with the typical features of progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford) occurred in India. Histopathology of the skin showed atrophic epidermis and diffuse fibrosis of dermis with loss of appendages. Roentgenographic findings were characteristic of progeria. The child also had a gangrenous ulcer over the left foot, a finding not highlighted in the literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis.

Two cases of longstanding rhinosporidiosis developed widespread asymptomatic nodular skin lesions. Cutaneous examination showed multiple, discrete, sessile and pedunculated, smooth and warty, friable nodular lesions of variable sizes and shapes. Histopathology of representative skin lesions showed hyperplastic epidermis with sporangia containing spores in the upper dermis diagnostic of rhinosporidiosis. Epidemiological data about rhinosporidiosis at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India, is presented. Possible modes of dissemination to the skin and differential diagnosis are discussed in relation to this rare manifestation of rhinosporidiosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Extragenital donovanosis of the foot.

An extremely rare case of primary extragenital donovanosis affecting the dorsa of right foot is reported. Clinical and histopathological features of the disease are described and the rarity, absence of genital lesions, and consequent difficulty in diagnosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Helicobacter pylori infection and erosive gastritis.

One hundred and eleven patients were included in the study. Thirty seven had erosive gastritis, thirty four chronic gastritis and forty were controls without any gastrointestinal diseases confirmed by symptoms and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients with erosive gastritis were divided into non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users and non-users. H pylori status was determined by urease test, serology and/or histology. The prevalence of H pylori was compared between the various groups. The prevalence of H pylori infection in erosive gastritis, chronic gastritis and controls was 68%, 76% and 65%, respectively, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), 8 out of 11 patients with erosive gastritis and NSAID use (73%) were positive for H pylori. Likewise 17/26 patients with erosive gastritis without NSAID use (65%) were positive for H pylori (P > 0.05). Body of the stomach (65%) was the commonest site for erosions compared to antrum (43%) or fundus (27%) (P < 0.02). H pylori infection does not predispose to erosive gastritis. NSAID use does not affect H pylori prevalence. Routine H pylori eradication is, therefore, not indicated in patients with erosive gastritis infection. Body of the stomach is the most predominant site for erosions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cutaneous horn: a brief review and report of a case.

A case of extensive verrucae vulgaris with cutaneous horns in a 32-year-old man is reported. Accompanying terminal phalangeal bone absorptive changes in the fingers of both hands, resulting from subungual warty lesions, are highlighted. The existing literature on the subject of cutaneous horn is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Correlation of skin and nerve histopathology in leprosy.

Discrepancies have been noted in the histopathological findings between skin and nerve lesions of leprosy patients in some recent works. We studied concurrent skin and nerve biopsies in 27 randomly selected leprosy patients to correlate the histopathological features of skin and nerve lesions, and to assess the importance of neural histology in the classification of leprosy. Skin and nerve biopsies were diagnostic of leprosy in 23 and 26 patients, respectively. A discrepancy was found between the two in 15 cases. Neural histology was helpful in the classification of determinate forms in 24 cases while dermal histology was significant only in 16 patients. A multibacillary nerve and paucibacillary skin picture was observed in 3 patients. It was concluded that nerve biopsy is more informative and specific than skin biopsy in the diagnosis of leprosy and further helps to classify the patients when the skin histology is indeterminate or nonspecific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Solitary neurilemmoma of the face.

A fourteen-year-old male with solitary neurilemmoma over his left cheek is described. Clinically, it was mistaken for molluscum contagiosum. The case is reported for its rarity and unique features.

Adolescent↗