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Biomedical subjects

C Raitta

Publications and source records attributed to C Raitta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The prevalence and type of glaucoma in geriatric patients.

A group of 100 institutionalized geriatric patients aged 69-94 years (mean 81.2 years) was studied at Koskela Helsinki Municipal Hospital. The selection of the patients was randomized by taking 100 patients having a birth-date divisible by five. Glaucoma occurred in 15% of the patients (14 women and one man). Six patients had bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma. One patient had capsular glaucoma in one eye and secondary glaucoma in the other eye. Eight patients had glaucoma only in one eye; three narrow-angle glaucoma, three primary open-angle glaucoma and two secondary glaucoma. Exfoliation occurred in 21 patients (26%, 21/80). Ten patients had bilateral exfoliation and 11 exfoliation only in one eye. IOP was measured in 75 patients, 150 eyes, with applanation tonometry, averaging 12.5 mmHg (SD 5.0), and in 22 patients, 44 eyes, with Schiötz tonometry, averaging 16.3 mmHg (SD 5.6). Visual acuity for long distance and also the reading acuity were greater than 0.3 in 66% (54/82).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A one-piece ocular drainage implant for glaucoma surgery: a preliminary report.

A one-piece silicone filtration implant for glaucoma surgery was evaluated in 18 normotensive rabbits. During the follow-up period of 60 days the function of the implant and the effect of the implant on intraocular pressure (IOP) and local reaction in operated eyes were examined. Mean IOP in operated eyes during the whole follow-up period stayed in a level that was statistically significantly (p < 0.001) lower than the preoperative starting value. Despite of a slight inflammatory reaction in the immediate postoperative period the implants were well tolerated. No marked foreign body reaction were noted around the implants in histological sections. In 3 eyes the implants had to be removed due to complications caused by surgical technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Visual evoked potentials in Basedow's ophthalmopathy before and after orbital decompression or retrobulbar irradiation.

VEP are an objective and a more sensitive sign of optical neuropathy in Graves' ophthalmopathy than is visual acuity. A correlation exists between VEP and the changes in the external eye muscles as visualized on CT scans. VEP should always be registered if CT changes are present. Improvement of optic neuropathy as evaluated from VEP seems to be remarkably infrequent.

Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
PubMed1991

Ultrastructural and ERG findings in progressive rod-cone dystrophy in a litter of Labrador retrievers.

Early ultrastructural findings of a progressive photoreceptor dystrophy and corresponding ERG findings are reported in 3 Labrador Retrievers from a litter of 7 pups bred from 2 dogs clinically and electroretinographically affected with generalized progressive retinal dystrophy. The pups were euthanized at 5, 11 and 15 months post partum. The most prominent ultrastructural finding was photoreceptor dystrophy. At 5 months the outer nuclear layer (ONL) consisted of 8-10 layers and seemed reduced in thickness, pyknotic nuclei were seen in this layer. The receptor outer segments (OS) were short and swollen. Some disorientation of OS discs occurred. In the 11-months specimen 7-8 ONL layers were identified. Overall thinning of the neuro-retina had occurred and fewer receptors compared to the 5-months specimen were present. By 15 months the ONL was further reduced to about 4 layers. Enlarged internuclear spaces were present in the ONL as well as around inner segments (IS). Phagocytic cells were frequent among remains of OS. The pigment epithelium appeared normal. The dark adapted ERG b-wave amplitudes and photopic 30 Hz flicker responses were low in comparison to controls of the same breed, and decreased with age. The condition represents a progressive rod-cone dystrophy which shares similarities with primary receptor dystrophy in man such as retinitis pigmentosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and electroretinographic comparison between Aland Island eye disease and a newly found related disease with X-chromosomal inheritance.

Two subjects representing AIED (Aland Island Eye Disease) and a family with 5 males affected with an AIED related X-linked hereditary eye disease were studied clinically and electrophysiologically. The clinical picture of AIED includes myopia and astigmatism, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, ocular albinism, hemeralopia and dyschromatopsia (No. 300600, McKusick 1990). The subjects with the related disease showed astigmatism with or without myopia, reduced visual acuity, slight hemeralopia, normal color vision in 3/5 subjects, no ocular albinism and nystagmus only in one case. In both diseases the ERG was abnormal showing defective a- and b-waves, but there were also differences. The most notable was the greater reduction of the b-wave amplitude in the mixed (rod and cone) responses for the white stimulus in the ERG of the AIED related disease. With regard to the pathogenesis we propose that in both diseases rod and cone functions are defective but in an AIED related disease a defective cone function inhibits the transmission of the rod signals to the rod bipolars, causing greatly reduced mixed responses. The clinical and ERG findings of this study suggest that the 5 subjects of our family do not represent AIED but another X-linked hereditary eye disease. The investigation to find out the gene locus of this disease is going on.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of sodium-hyaluronate on scar tissue formation under a subconjunctival silicone implant in the rabbit.

The effect of sodium-hyaluronate on scar tissue formation under a subconjunctival silicone implant was examined in twenty rabbits. During the follow-up period histological sections for evaluation of local reaction and thickness of fibrous tissue were made at day 7, 17, 30 and 60. Although no statistically significant difference could be shown the thickness of scar tissue under the implant in hyaluronate injected eyes was greater than in control eyes during the first seventeen postoperative days, after which the difference started to diminish. Also the inflammatory response in hyaluronate injected eyes in the early postoperative period was more noticeable than in control eyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in controlled open-angle glaucoma.

A consecutive series of 103 eyes, 37 with controlled simple glaucoma (SG) and 66 with capsular glaucoma (CG), underwent extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens (PC-IOL) implantation. Two to 6 weeks after surgery, 48% of the SG eyes and 62% of the CG eyes had visual acuities better than 0.4, as compared with 8% and 3%, respectively, preoperatively. The corresponding figures after 12 to 43 months in the SG eyes were 62%, and after 14 to 38 months in the CG eyes, 55%. A slight increase of mean intraocular pressure (IOP), from 19.0 +/- 4.8 mm Hg to 25.3 +/- 13.3 mm Hg in the SG eyes, and from 19.0 +/- 3.9 mm Hg to 24.5 +/- 9.6 mm Hg in the CG eyes occurred 1 to 2 weeks after surgery; at 2 to 6 weeks the mean IOPs had returned to preoperative levels: 18.1 +/- 6.4 mm Hg in the SG eyes and 18.4 +/- 5.9 mm Hg in the CG eyes. After a mean of 26.5 months (range, 12 to 43 months), IOP had decreased to 17.3 +/- 2.9 mm Hg in the SG eyes; and after 24.2 months (range, 14 to 38 months) to 17.6 +/- 5.7 mm Hg in the CG eyes. The need for glaucoma medication was diminished at 2 to 6 weeks after surgery: IOP was controlled (less than 21 mm Hg) without glaucoma medication in 43% of the SG, and in 50% of the CG eyes (preoperatively, all of the SG and 89% of the CG eyes required medication).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effect of sodium hyaluronate on the outcome of trabeculectomy.

The outcome of trabeculectomy with the use of sodium hyaluronate was investigated in 99 trabeculectomies and compared with the results achieved in an earlier series of trabeculectomies without the use of sodium hyaluronate. The use of sodium hyaluronate facilitated performance of the surgery and tended to reduce the severity of postoperative shallow anterior chamber and intraoperative bleeding. It remains to be shown whether it also may prevent lens opacity increase.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A DC electroretinography method for the recording of human a-, b- and c-waves.

In the clinical ERG the c-wave is not usually recorded due to methodological problems. Because of the potential importance of the c-wave recording in assessing the function of the pigment epithelium in several retinal diseases, we describe a DC ERG method which is convenient for the patient and suitable also for clinical practice. The light stimuli are provided by a Ganzfeld stimulator and the potentials are recorded with a disposable corneal wick electrode. The method allows the recording of the c-wave from co-operative subjects as well as to study the a- and b-wave properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: ERG of the neural retina and the pigment epithelium.

The function of the neural retina and the pigment epithelium in 10 patients with gyrate atrophy was examined by the conventional alternating current electroretinogram and by direct current electroretinography to study the c-wave. The a- and b-wave responses were subnormal in all patients and the ERG was undetectable in patients with an advanced stage of the disease. The c-wave was recordable by the DC ERG from three patients with a less advanced stage of the disease. In one patient the c-wave could be recorded only from the other eye but the a- and b-wave responses were recordable in both his eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Glaucoma prevalence in the Nordic countries. Estimates based on glaucoma drug consumption.

Glaucoma prevalences in the 5 Nordic countries are estimated on basis of a) wholesale of glaucoma medicaments (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and b) registered glaucoma patients receiving free medication (Finland). Prevalences are compared nationally and internationally. The estimated glaucoma prevalence is highest in Norway (2.19% related to the population greater than 40 years), lowest in Denmark (0.76% in the same age group). The prevalence in Iceland, Finland, and Sweden are 2.0, 1.94, and 1.55%, respectively. We suggest that the relatively large differences in glaucoma prevalence between the countries may be explained by geographical differences in occurrence of capsular glaucoma. The sources of error concerning prevalence estimates based on glaucoma drug consumption are discussed. Pre-supposing a balance numerically between undetected glaucoma cases and patients receiving glaucoma medication without really having glaucoma, the glaucoma drug sales statistics may be taken as fair indicators of glaucoma prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The correlation of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual field indices (Octopus G1) in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Flash evoked responses and the visual field indices (VFI) of the Octopus G1 program were recorded from 42 eyes of 21 patients, aged 23-76 years (mean 51 years); 29 eyes had open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and 10 ocular hypertension (OH). Three eyes were normal. The early component of the VEP called P 120 had lower amplitude in glaucomatous eyes compared with normal or hypertensive eyes. Mean sensitivity (MS), mean defect (MD), and short time fluctuation (SF), indicative of diffuse non-specific nerve fiber los, correlated significantly (P less than 0.05). Reliability factor (RF), which is indicative of psychodynamic factors, also correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) in eyes with OAG.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Combined procedure for the management of glaucoma and cataract.

Thirty eyes of 29 patients (12 male and 17 female) with an age range 50-86 years (mean 76 years) were operated by combined technique for cataract and glaucoma with a follow-up ranging between 6-18 months (mean 6.8 months). Seventeen eyes had capsular glaucoma and 13 eyes simple glaucoma. The surgical technique of trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation is described. The pre-operative IOP was 31.5 mmHg +/- 7.8 on maximum tolerated medical therapy and the post-operative IOP 17.8 mmHg +/- 3.9. Fourteen eyes had to be treated with topical timolol X 2 daily after the operation. Twenty-eight eyes had a pre-operative visual acuity of less than or equal to 0.3. Of these, 17 had a visual acuity of less than or equal to 0.1, and were severely visually handicapped. Visual acuity improved markedly in 24 eyes and remained unchanged in 6 eyes. Every patient but one (with vitrectomy and no lens implantation) experienced considerable subjective visual increase. The main complications consisted of vitreous loss in one eye and fibrinous effusion into the anterior chamber in 7 capsular glaucoma eyes. Pre-operative precautions and post-operative care are important. The combined triple procedure is recommended for the management of patients with uncontrolled glaucoma and cataract.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of intracamerally or subconjunctivally injected cross-linked hyaluronic acid on the intraocular pressure and on the anterior segment of the rabbit eye.

Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CLH), a viscoelastic substance with a high viscosity, was injected into the left anterior chamber of 5 rabbits without simultaneous withdrawal of aqueous humour. The right eyes of the same rabbits received an equal amount of sodium hyaluronate (Healon). The intraocular pressure (IOP) of the CLH injected eyes increased four-fold immediately after the injection. One week post injection the IOP had decreased to the pre-injection level where it remained until the euthanatization of the animals 32 days post injection. Biomicroscopically CLH was seen as a slightly opaque curly mass in the anterior chamber in the eyes that otherwise were quiet in four of the rabbits. In one rabbit the injected cross-linked substance reacted immediately with aqueous and turned white. The eye was quiet and showed no inflammatory signs. In all intracamerally injected eyes, slight to moderate aqueous flare was present 4 h post injection. Aqueous flare was still present 1 day post injection in 4 eyes, but was absent 4 days post injection. Histologically no apparent inflammatory reaction was present. Occasional giant cells were seen on the anterior surface of the iris in three animals. Slight accumulation of mononuclear cells was found in the iridocorneal angle of the CLH injected eyes. At histology few mononuclear cells were also found surrounding the subconjunctivally injected CLH still present in 4 additional rabbits when euthanatized 28, 42 and 49 days post injection. The contralateral eye of these 4 animals received an equal amount of sodium hyaluronate subconjunctivally. The substance had been resorbed completely. No reactive or inflammatory signs were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗