Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C R Evans

Publications and source records attributed to C R Evans.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Using and misusing factor analysis to explore group cohesion.

Group cohesion is an important construct in understanding the behavior of different types of groups. However, controversy exists about how to conceptualize and measure cohesion, and a central issue is its dimensionality. Consequently, researchers have used factor analysis to examine the structure of the construct of cohesion and measures of it. Our goals in writing this article were to review critically how factor analysis has been used to understand group cohesion, make some recommendations for future factor analytic work, and point out some weaknesses and strengths in using factor analysis to explore cohesion.

Bias↗
PubMed1994

A pilot study of SPINE test scores and measures of tongue deviancy in speakers with severe-to-profound hearing loss.

Two developments show promise in the assessment and remediation of defective speech production in persons with hearing loss. A perceptual speech-intelligibility test, the SPINE (for Speech Intelligibility Evaluation), is a simple, clinician-administered instrument which is valid, reliable, and clinically efficient. In addition, the development of acoustic measures of tongue deviancy, computed from formant frequencies, makes possible a direct lateral visualization of tongue placement in relation to standard vowel placement. In this study, SPINE test scores of 28 persons with severe-to-profound hearing loss were correlated with two measures of tongue deviancy during production of the vowels /i/, /a/, and /u/. For both measures of tongue deviancy, correlations with the SPINE were significant for the three vowels combined and for the isolated vowel /i/. These findings suggest that clinicians may ultimately have two different but complementary means of assessing speech production in persons with hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of ibuprofen and dihydrocodeine in relieving pain following wisdom teeth removal.

Although dihydrocodeine (DF118) is widely prescribed by general dental practitioners, there is little evidence that it is successful in controlling post-operative dental pain. Ibuprofen is known to be effective in this situation. A single dose, double-blind study was carried out in 148 patients to compare 400 mg ibuprofen with 30 mg dihydrocodeine and placebo for treating moderate to severe pain following the removal of unilateral, impacted mandibular third molar teeth under local anaesthesia. An additional dose of either ibuprofen or dihydrocodeine was available after 2 hours. The post-operative ibuprofen reduced pain and produced more pain relief than dihydrocodeine or placebo. Furthermore, fewer patients receiving ibuprofen took additional analgesic at 2 hours. Patients who received ibuprofen as supplementary medication also experienced less pain and had greater pain relief than those receiving dihydrocodeine as supplementary medication, even when their post-operative treatment had been placebo. More patients reported the medication as having been effective if they took ibuprofen either post-operatively or as supplementary analgesia. Ibuprofen is an appropriate analgesic for treating post-operative dental pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Elastic cartilage in the incisive canal region: report of a case.

A man complained persistently of 'gritty bits' coming into his mount from behind the upper front teeth over a period of 10 years. Elastic cartilage was found within fibrous connective tissue of the incisive papilla region and it is suggested that transepidermal elimination of elastotic material, as happens in perforating dermatoses, was responsible for this patients complaint.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamic dysfunction in obesity hypoventilation syndrome and the effects of treatment with surgically induced weight loss.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), defined as a PaO2 less than or equal to 55 mmHg and/or PaCo2 greater than or equal to 47 mmHg, was found in approximately 8% of morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric surgery for morbid obesity and was frequently associated with clinically significant pulmonary hypertension and cardiac dysfunction. Forty-six morbidly obese patients, 26 with and 20 without OHS, underwent preoperative pulmonary artery catheterization. Although the two groups had similar values for percent ideal body weight, blood pressure, and cardiac index, the OHS patients had significantly higher mean pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), p less than 0.0001, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures (PAOP), p less than 0.01. Eighteen OHS patients were restudied 3-9 months after gastric surgery. PaO2 increased from 50 +/- 10 to 69 +/- 14 mmHg, p less than 0.0001, and PaCO2 decreased from 52 +/- 7 to 42 +/- 4 mmHg, p less than 0.0001), after the loss of 42 +/- 19% excess weight. These changes were associated with significant decreases in PAP (from 36 +/- 14 to 23 +/- 7 mmHg, p less than 0.0001) and PAOP (from 17 +/- 7 to 12 +/- 6 mmHg, p less than 0.01). Significant correlations were noted between PAP and PAOP (r = +0.8, p less than 0.0001) and PAP and PaO2 (r = -0.6, p less than 0.0001). Both left ventricular dysfunction, defined as a PAOP greater than or equal to 18 mmHg, as well as pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, defined as PAEDP greater than 5 mmHg above PAOP, contributed to pulmonary hypertension in OHS patients. In conclusion, weight loss after gastric surgery for morbid obesity significantly improved arterial blood gases and hemodynamic function in OHS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The therapeutic effect of taking a patient's history by computer.

Sixty young women who presented at a general-practice health centre had their medical and social history taken by a computer before having an interview with the doctor. The average length of the automated interview was 90 minutes for the 54 patients who completed the programme, during which an average of 211 questions were answered. The patients found this method acceptable and we think that one of the main reasons for this was that the computer programme was so designed that the patients felt that the doctor was involved throughout.The computer/patient interview also appeared to have therapeutic benefits, and the computer's summary of the history was a sensitive indicator of those topics about which the patient was most concerned. This combination enabled the doctor to communicate more quickly and in greater depth in the time available. In effect, the time which the doctor could spend with the patient was magnified.We suggest that the benefits of this system for taking a history from a patient, of which one is the fact that any language or combination of languages can be used, could be extended to all classes of society.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the uptake and binding of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol by canine prostatic nuclei.

Nuclei have been isolated from canine prostatic tissue previously incubated with tritiated testosterone or tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol. The protein-bound radioactivity has, in both cases, been shown to be associated with 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol. The formation and translocation of this steroid to the nucleus supports previous evidence that it has an active part to play in prostatic function in the dog. The formation from testosterone of another titriated steroid, possibly 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, was also demonstrated although this product did not enter the nucleus and was apparently bound to the nuclear membrane.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1975

Tissue-steroid interactions in canine hormone-dependent tumours.

Mammary tumour tissue from two bitches and an anal adenoma from a dog were investigated for steroid receptor interaction. Both mammary tumours possessed cytoplasmic macromolecules sedimenting with coefficients of 4S and 8S that bound oestradiol-17beta. These receptors had molecular weights of approximately 60,000 and 180,000 respectively. Transfer of the oestrogen to the nucleus was shown and the presence of a 4-5S nuclear protein demonstrated. The anal adenoma had a cytoplasmic receptor, with a sedimentation value in a sucrose density gradient of 4-5S with respect to bovine serum albumin, that bound tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol. No affinity could be demonstrated for other C19-steroids examined. The significance of these findings in terms of the hormone dependence of the tumours investigated and the possible development of these studies to promote rational therapy in such cases is discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Demonstration of a specific cytosol receptor in the normal and hyperplastic canine prostate for 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol.

A specific receptor protein has been demonstrated for 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol in cytoplasmic extracts of normal and hyperplastic canine prostates. The receptor molecule, with a sedimentation coefficient of 4-5S, has been identified by the use of sucrose gradient centrifugation of tissue fractions which had been labelled in vitro with tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol. The receptor showed a relatively high affinity for this compound whereas binding could not be demonstrated with other labelled C19 steroids. In addition binding of tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol was not affected by the presence of 50-fold excesses of other C19 steroids.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1972

Effect of a hot milk drink on movements during sleep.

The effects on sleep of a hot drink of milk and Horlicks were compared with those of hot water taken before retiring by medical student volunteers. Horlicks reduced the number of small movements made during sleep.

Adult↗