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Biomedical subjects

C R Archer

Publications and source records attributed to C R Archer.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Uncommon sphenoidal fractures and their sequelae.

Eight cases with fractures of the sphenoid bone are discussed. In four the sella turcica was involved. One showed bilateral fractures of the medial pterygoid plates resulting in an open-bite deformity. Another patient exhibited bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulae. This brings the total of documented, angiographically demonstrated, post-traumatic, bilateral, carotid-cavernous fistulae to seven. Fractures of the planum sphenoidale, the floor of the sphenoid sinus, and bilateral fractures of the lesser wings are also shown. The anatomy of the sphenoid bone and clinical sequelae are briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The radiological manifestations of intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma.

Two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, one arising in the parotid gland and the other within the middle ear cavity, are presented. Both cases developed neurological signs of intracranial extension, which, in one, were non-localizing. The angiographic characteristics of these two cases as well as those reported in the literature are discussed. Angiography delineated the extent of tumor involvement and influenced the treatment ports. Isolated reports of long term survivals and some promising preliminary results from more aggressive therapy warrant delineation of tumor extent. To this end angiography is helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between computerized transaxial tomography and radionuclide cisternography in dementia.

A study of the findings on cisternograms and computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) of 144 patients showed good correlation between the two tests. Patients with a cisternographic pattern of communicating hydrocephalus tended to show more severe degrees of lateral ventricular dilation, with involvement of the third and fourth ventricles and relative sparing of the cerebral sulci. Patients with a cisternographic pattern of cerebral atrophy showed lesser degrees of lateral ventricular dilatation and more severe degrees of dilatation of the cerebral sulci. The statistical significance of the individual CTT findings in these patients is presented, and a cheme for interpretation is proposed. The study shows that CTT can replace pneumoencephalography in evaluating patients with dementia, while cisternography contributes complementary information.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of the normal larynx.

A computed tomographic analysis of normal laryngeal anatomy was undertaken using cadaver larynxes. This was part of a larger project in which patients with laryngeal carcinoma were routinely evaluated in the computed tomographic (CT) body scanner. The appearance of normal laryngeal anatomy had to be delineated before disease processes of the larynx were evaluated, and this was accomplished using a computed tomographic technique with 5-mm slice thicknesses and a 3-mm overlap. The scan slices were then compared with anatomic sections taken at the same levels. The comparisons demonstrate an ideal level of accuracy that can be approached in the in-vivo larynx only with use of the latest-generation scanners. However, CT scanning is of immediate usefulness in the diagnosis of laryngeal pathology.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The imaging of an intraspinal cervical dermoid tumor by MR, CT, and sonography.

Epidermoid and dermoid tumors are uncommon lesions and within the spinal cord are rare. Magnetic resonance imaging has proved sensitive to their detection in the intracranial cavity but the pattern of signal intensities on T1 and T2 weighted images has not been uniform. Utilizing a 0.6 T superconductive magnet an intramedullary cervical dermoid tumor was examined. The correlation between CT demonstrated regions of fat density and the MRI appearance of comparable regions of high intensity signal on T1 weighted images has only rarely been demonstrated in such tumors that have no histologic evidence of adipose tissue. MRI provided all of the information needed pre-operatively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impaired NADH-CoQ reductase activity in a child with moyamoya syndrome.

A 33-month-old boy with recurrent stroke-like episodes had angiographic features characteristic of moyamoya syndrome. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was suspected because of lactic acidosis and ptosis. Studies of oxidative metabolism on isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria revealed impairment of NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders may cause moyamoya syndrome when other known associated factors are absent.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parathyroid adenomas; computed tomographic imaging and the importance of preoperative localization.

Contrary to what is frequently stated in the literature, preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is important. Surgery limited to removal of the adenoma is associated with significantly less morbidity than when bilateral exploration is undertaken. In fact, a 2 to 12 fold decrease in post-operative hypocalcemia has been reported when the surgical exploration is unilateral. Pre-operative CT scans localized 10 of 13 surgically proven adenomas for an overall detection rate of 77%. Only one adenoma in our series had an average axial diameter of greater than 1 cm, the smallest measuring 5 mm X 3 mm. This paper outlines our CT technique and results and summarizes the pertinent recent surgical literature in reference to the importance of preoperative localization.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ossification of the laryngeal cartilages as it relates to computed tomography.

Ossification of adult laryngeal cartilages was studied using cross sections cut in planes parallel to those used in computed tomography (CT). The percentage of ossification of surfaces of thyroid laminae was calculated and marked variations were found. There was no correlation between ossification and age (all subjects were 50 years or older). Generally, laryngeal cartilages of men were ossified to a greater extent than those of women. Some male cartilages were only slightly ossified, however, while some female cartilages were nearly completely ossified. Inner and outer surfaces of thyroid laminae differed by as much as 35% in some cases. Left and right laminae showed even greater differences, indicating that symmetry of ossification is not the rule. Ossification of arytenoid and cricoid cartilages also varies. This study reveals that there is no reliable pattern of ossification of laryngeal cartilage that would be of use the radiologist in evaluating CT scans for invasion of cartilage by cancer.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basilar artery occlusion: clinical and radiological correlation.

Twenty patients with basilar artery occlusion and three patients with bilateral vertebral artery occlusions have been studied. The clinical data at the time of the ictus and the long-term follow-up data have been correlated with the site and extent of the basilar artery occlusion and the type of collateral flow. Patients with hypertension and with coma at the outset have a grave prognosis. The presence of surface collateral flow may not indicate adequate perfusion of the paramedian penetrating branches of the basilar artery or the thalamoperforating branches of the posterior communicating or posterior cerebral arteries. It is these vessels which supply the territory regulating the level of consciousness and containing some of the control mechanisms for respiratory function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography vs laryngography: a comparison of relative diagnostic value.

The computed tomography (CT) scans and laryngograms of 25 patients with laryngeal cancer were compared and evaluated in an assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of each modality in the supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic regions. Fourth generation scanners were used in these patients, all of whom subsequently underwent laryngectomy or partial laryngectomy. The clinical superiority of CT scanning was evident in several areas--confirming clinical impressions that laryngography is not as accurate as CT, is frequently misleading, and offers no significant advantages over CT. In this regard, we now believe that computed tomography is the most important radiologic adjunct in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, and we no longer order the laryngogram on a routine basis.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗