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Biomedical subjects

C Pfister

Publications and source records attributed to C Pfister.

162 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Enzyme histochemical investigations of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii of Salmo irideus (Gibbons 1855) during biomorphosis. I. Transmitter enzymes].

1. The activities of the transmitter enzymes acetylcholine esterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-TR) were investigated in the nucleus nervi oculomotorii of Salmo irideus (Teleostei) during biomorphosis. 2. AChE as well as MAO-activity could be demonstrated already before the time of hatching, whereas GABA-TR occured from the 10th day post hatching. 3. In earliest stages the AChE activity was found in the neuronal pericarya of the nucleus n. III, but later on a strong increase occured in vestibular presynaptic terminals establishing synaptic contacts with the lateral surface of the large pericarya, especially in the medial part of the dorsal subnucleus and the ventral subnucleus. In adults the enzyme activity was localized in vestibular nerve fiber terminals exclusively due to the loss of enzyme activity in the pericarya. 4. The activity of MAO was found surrounding the neurons of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii with stronger deposits of reaction product at the medial surface that is not occupied by cholinergic terminals. 5. Besides non reacting neurons in all parts of the nucleus some cells in the transition zone between the medial and lateral area of the dorsal subnucleus, exhibited high cytoplasmatic GABA-TR activity. 6. The different ways of chemical transmission between nerve terminals and the neurons of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii are discussed.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

[Morphometric studies of prepyramidal and pyramidal neurons of various vertebrates].

Praepyramidal and pyramidal neurons were demonstrated in homologous telencephalic areas of Salmo irideus (Gibbons 1855), Rana temporaria L., Rattus norvegicus, forma alba, by means of the Golgi-technique. A comparative morphometrical analysis was made concerning the following parameters: main dendritic length, length of the pericaryon, number of dendritic spines in the first 50-micrometer-dendritic segment and length of the spines-free zone. From these data a quotient was calculated and expressing the theoretical dendritic length per ten spines. There is an increase of length of the pericaryon, length of the spines-free zone, main dendritic length and a pseudo-decrease of the number of dendritic spines in the first 50 micrometer-dendritic segment in rats, as compared with Rana and Salmo. The results are discussed with respect to following problems: homology, phylogenesis and corticalisation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic MR urography in urinary tract obstruction: implementation and preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated magnetic resonance (MR) capabilities in evaluating renal morphology and function in patients with urinary obstruction. The objective of this report is to support the introduction of dynamic MR renography on any MR equipment. METHODS: A custom-made device of vials filled with different concentrations of gadolinium was studied by combinations of T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences and coils. We compared the capabilities of two coils (phased array vs. standard body), the properties of dynamic sequences, and the effects of increasing concentrations of gadolinium on signal intensity. In a second section, we designed MR urography plug-ins of Image J (DICOM image software) for the analysis of dynamic studies. RESULTS: Optimized gradient-echo sequences acquired with a phased array body coil produced acceptable quality images with a linear relation between signal intensity and the lowest concentrations of gadolinium. In vitro measurements showed loss of linearity above 8 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Theoretical calculation and data from the literature suggest that the gadolinium dose to the patient should not exceed one-fourth of the usual one (0.025 mmol/kg). Postprocessing using Image J software and the specifically designed plug-ins was validated. The collection of plug-ins is now available on the Internet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endoscopic treatment of prenatally diagnosed ureteroceles].

INTRODUCTION: The authors report a series of 16 infants presenting with an antenatally diagnosed ureterocele, treated immediately, during the neonatal period, by endoscopic incision. The objective of this treatment is to ensure effective decompression of the ureterocele. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immediate postnatal assessment revealed 17 ureteroceles, including 7 intravesical ureteroceles (with one bilateral form) and 10 ectopic ureteroceles. Endoscopic opening allowed collapse of all of the ureteroceles and usually ensured improvement of renal function. Vesicoureteric reflux was observed secondarily in 7 infants with an ectopic form of the disease, and was present primarily in two other patients. RESULTS: In patients with an intravesical form, endoscopic treatment was found to be effective on its own and no complementary procedure was required. In contrast, in ectopic forms, a second operation was required in 9 cases: presence of vesicoureteric reflux (8 cases) required resection of the ureterocele with vesical reconstruction and ureteric reimplantation according to Cohen's technique. In one case, total ureteronephrectomy was performed due to complete absence of function of the kidney concerned. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic opening, performed soon after birth, can be considered to be the first-line treatment of antenatally diagnosed ureteroceles. Its main complication remains the secondary development of vesicoureteric reflux Radiological surveillance therefore appears to be essential.

Endoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of percutaneous puncture alcohol sclerotherapy in the treatment of symptomatic kidney cysts].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the results of percutaneous alcohol sclerotherapy of symptomatic renal cysts in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a series of 13 patients with a mean age 69 years (47-75 years). The operative indication was pain (9 cases), urinary tract compression (3 cases), very large cyst (1 case). The preoperative assessment (site and dimensions of the cyst) always included ultrasonography (mean diameter: 75 mm). CT scan, for morphological assessment, was performed in 10 cases. The proposed technique consists of intraoperative ultrasound detection followed by puncture of the cyst (under local or general anaesthesia). Insertion of a Malécot tube allows drainage of the cyst with collection of bacteriological and cytological samples and opacification and instillation of an alcoholic solution (98% ethanol) corresponding to one half of the cyst volume, with clamping for 20 minutes. Postoperative surveillance is based on clinical examination and ultrasonography (2 months, 6 months, 1 year). RESULTS: The procedure was very well tolerated in every case, with external drainage for 48 hours. Clinical and ultrasonographic regression was complete in 90% of cases, with a mean follow-up of 15 months (4-40 months). In two cases, ultrasonographic regression was incomplete (diameter less than 20 mm), but the patients remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Our results are concordant with those of most studies reported in the literature and this method therefore appears to be a preferred technique for the treatment of this type of renal cyst.

Aged↗