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Biomedical subjects

C Nagata

Publications and source records attributed to C Nagata.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Accidental pyriform sinus perforation with Savary-Gilliard esophageal bougie during general anesthesia].

A 71-year-old female with esophagohiatal hernia underwent a laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication under general anesthesia. During the operation a Savary-Gilliard bougie was temporarily inserted to the esophagus to prevent esophagostenosis. After the emergence from anesthesia, the patient complained of severe back pain and developed tachypnea and a low SpO2 associated with an enlargement of mediastinal shadow on the chest X-ray, suggesting mediastinal perforation. Examination by endoscopy and thoracotomy revealed a pyriform sinus perforation reaching down to the mediastinum. This case demonstrates the possibility of accidental perforation by various devices inserted blindly to esophagus, especially during general anesthesia, and the importance of close observation of patients after the emergence from anesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Localized right atrial tamponade after aortic valve replacement].

A 78-year-old man developed isolated right atrial tamponade 15 hours following aortic valve replacement. There were excessive postsurgical bleeding, low blood pressure, and low cardiac output. Volume expansion and inotropic therapy did not increase blood pressure. There were no cardiomegaly and echo-free space. Diagnosis was made by appearance of pulsus paradoxus and transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by surgery. The clinical picture was improved dramatically after surgical removal of the hematoma. Right atrial tamponade leads to a unique clinical conglomeration of hemodynamic and echocardiographic features. Constant attention to this entity is necessary to make a timely diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a screening program on reduction of gastric cancer mortality in Japan: preliminary results from a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Systematic population-based screening for gastric cancer is widely spread in Japan. However, the case-control study method has been the main method used to evaluate the effectiveness of the screen ing to reduce gastric cancer mortality in Japan. METHODS: This article presents a population-based cohort study. A questionnaire about lifestyles and dietary habits was distributed to 36,990 residents in a city of Japan. The response rate to the questionnaire was 92.0%. After ineligible responders had been excluded, 24,134 subjects were classified into screened and un screened groups according to their self-reports of participation in the screening the previous year. We followed them up for 40 months and linked resident death records in the city. We compared mortality from gastric cancer and all other causes between the groups by us ing the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The follow-up period was 78,156.6 person-years from September 1992 to December 1995. The multivariate relative risks for gastric cancer death of the screened group in comparison with the unscreened group were 0.72 (95% CI 0.31-1.66) among males and 1.46 (95% CI 0.43-4.90) among females. CONCLUSION: Although our data are preliminary, we were unable to demonstrate a large contribution of the present screening program to decreasing gastric cancer mortality. Further follow-up is needed to in crease the precision.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and colorectal adenoma in Japanese men and women.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between smoking and alcohol use and risk of colorectal adenoma. METHODS: Information about smoking, alcohol use, and other lifestyle variables were obtained prospectively from 14,427 male and 17,125 female residents in a city of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, by a self-administered questionnaire in September, 1992. Colorectal adenomas were newly diagnosed in 181 men and 78 women in this cohort between January, 1993 and December, 1995 by colonoscopic examination at two major hospitals of the city. Gender-specific and site-specific relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals adjusted for age and for age plus other potential confounding factors were calculated by using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Thirty or more years of smoking was significantly associated with risk of adenoma in general compared with never having smoked in both men and women (relative risk, 1.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02-2.62 and relative risk, 4.54; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.04-9.08, respectively). Effect of smoking was stronger in the proximal colon. After adjusting for age and carbohydrate intake, total alcohol intake was not associated with risk of adenoma in any site in the colon in men. Sake drinkers were at significantly increased risk of adenoma in general, but the dose-response relationship was not statistically significant. Risk of adenoma in the rectum was not significantly increased for those who consumed >30.3 g/day of ethanol (relative risk, 5.7). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that smoking is a risk factor of adenoma in Japanese men and women. The role of alcohol, however, is less clear.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

Hair dye use and occupational exposure to organic solvents as risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome.

To investigate the relationships of personal hair dye use and environmental factors to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we conducted a case-control study in Japan. A total of 111 MDS cases and 830 controls randomly selected from the residents in the same prefecture of cases using telephone directories responded to a health questionnaire. The odds ratio (OR) for ever having used hair dye was 1.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-3.38) and there were statistically significant trends in risk with increasing duration and number of hair dye use. Occupational exposure to organic solvents was marginally associated with the risk of MDS (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 0.97-4.10).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan.

Various risk factors were investigated in 167 cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) case and control pairs in Japan. CIN cases showed evidence of nine known risk factors including smoking and sexual behaviour. However, after adjustment for papillomavirus infection, the highest determinant, the only remaining risk factors were: being married, early age at first pregnancy and multiparity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum carotenoids and vitamins and risk of cervical dysplasia from a case-control study in Japan.

The relationships between risk of cervical dysplasia and dietary and serum carotenoids and vitamins were investigated in a case-control study. Cases were 156 women who attended Papanicolaou test screening in nine institutes affiliated with Japan Study Group of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer and had cervical dysplasia newly histologically confirmed. Age-matched controls were selected from women with normal cervical cytology attending the same clinic. Blood sample and cervical exfoliated cells were obtained for measuring serum retinol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene and alpha-tocopherol and for HPV detection. Higher serum level of alpha-carotene was significantly associated with decreased risk of cervical dysplasia after controlling for HPV infection and smoking status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.62 for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile). Decreased risk for the highest tertile of serum lycopene (OR = 0.28) was marginally significant. Decreased risks observed for the highest tertiles of beta-carotene (OR = 0.65) and zeaxanthin/lutein (OR = 0.53), were not statistically significant.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1999

Validity and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for a cohort study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: A self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Qx) was developed for a population-based cohort study on cancer in Takayama, Japan. METHODS: The Qx was tested among 58 male and 59 female volunteers. Average daily nutrient intakes for the previous year calculated from the Qx were compared with those from 3-day food records and four 24-h recalls. The Qx was also validated among 37 volunteers by comparing the nutrient intakes calculated from the Qx with 12 1-day food records during a year. We also calculated the intra-class correlation coefficients for various nutrients between the Qx and the second Qx administered by the same volunteers 1 year after the first survey. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients between total energy from the Qx and 3-day records were 0.38 for men and 0.25 for women and those between the Qx and 24-h recalls were 0.19 and -0.02 for men and women, respectively. Correlations between the several nutrients from the Qx and 3-day records ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 for both men and women. These correlations after energy adjustment ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 for men and from 0.1 to 0.7 for women. In general, the correlations for various nutrients between the Qx and 12 1-day records were higher than those described above. The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.46 to 0.78 in men and from 0.36 to 0.67, except for vitamin C in women. When the information on portion size was excluded, almost all of the above indices showed somewhat lower figures. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that our food frequency questionnaire with portion size information can be used to estimate nutrient intakes of each individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nutrient intakes in relation to style of breakfast and taste preferences.

Style of breakfast (western- or Japanese-style) and taste preferences were associated with various diseases in some epidemiological studies in Japan. To evaluate what are measured by asking these dietary behaviors, we administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) and asked style of breakfast and taste preferences to a subsample of residents in Takayama City, Gifu, Japan. Style of breakfast and total diet were studied in a random sample of 346 residents. There were no statistically significant differences in the nutrient intakes estimated from SFFQ between those with western- and Japanese-style of breakfast except for crude fiber. Taste preferences were asked to 555 men and 1,130 women who attended a health check-up program in the community. Salt intakes were slightly higher (< 3%) in those who had a favor for salty food than the others in both sexes. Fat or carbohydrate intake was similar between those stratified by preference for greasy or sweet foods. The data suggest that western-style of breakfast is not associated with western diet, in general, i.e., high-calorie and high-fat diet. Intakes of salt, fat, or carbohydrate appear to be unrelated to preferences for salty, greasy or sweet foods, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum retinol level and risk of subsequent cervical cancer in cases with cervical dysplasia.

We followed up on 134 women who had been diagnosed with cervical dysplasia to examine the relationship of dietary and serum vitamin A to subsequent cervical cancer. The subjects were women attending the Papanicolaou test screening for residents in Miyagi, Japan and histologically diagnosed as having cervical dysplasia between October 1987 and September 1988. Personal interviews were carried out, and blood samples were taken on the date of diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. The subjects were followed-up with cervical smear and colposcopy at about 3-month intervals from the date of interview until the end of February 1995. During the follow-up, 8 women (5.9%) developed cancer in situ or invasive cervical cancer and 106 (79.1%) reverted to normal. The rate of progression of the cancer in situ or invasive cervical cancer was 4.5 times higher in women with lower serum retinol levels than those with higher serum retinol levels (p = 0.08). The results suggest an association of low serum retinol level with development of cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in relation to soy product intake in Japanese women.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between dietary intake of soy products and hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. METHODS: Subjects were 284 women aged 40-59 years who attended a health check-up program provided by a general hospital in Gifu, Japan. They completed a health questionnaire including the Kupperman test of menopausal distress. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Fermented soy product intake but not total soy product intake was significantly negatively correlated with hot flush severity (r = -0.16, p = 0.01) after controlling for age and menopausal status. Neither total soy product intake nor fermented soy product intake was significantly correlated with menopausal index score. Estimated isoflavone intake from total and fermented soy products was significantly lower by 15% (p = 0.02) and 19% (p = 0.01), respectively, in women with hot flushes, compared to those without hot flushes after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION: The data support a hypothesis that intake of fermented soy products alleviates the severity of hot flushes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen concentrations in premenopausal Japanese women.

BACKGROUND: Estrogens have been implicated in the development of breast cancer. Preliminary evidence suggests that consumption of soy products, which contain isoflavones (phytoestrogens), can reduce serum estrogen levels. Our purpose was to determine the effect of soy consumption on serum estrogen levels in premenopausal women by use of a dietary intervention approach. METHODS: Premenopausal Japanese women were randomly assigned to receive either a soymilk-supplemented diet (n = 31) or a normal (control) diet (n = 29). The women in the soymilk-supplemented group were asked to consume about 400 mL of soymilk (containing about 109 mg of isoflavones) daily during a study period that involved three consecutive menstrual cycles. Follicular-phase blood samples were to be obtained in the menstrual cycles preceding (cycle 1) and following (cycle 3) the 2-month dietary intervention. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: At the end of the study period, estrone and estradiol levels were decreased by 23% and 27%, respectively, in the soymilk-supplemented group and were increased by 0.6% and 4%, respectively, in the control group. The changes for each hormone between the two groups were not statistically significantly different. In the soymilk-supplemented group, menstrual cycle length was increased by nearly 2 days, and, in the control group, it was decreased by approximately 1 day, a difference that was not statistically significant. A subgroup analysis restricted to subjects who provided follicular-phase blood samples on the same day or 1 day apart in menstrual cycles 1 and 3 showed a reduction in serum estrone levels in the soymilk-supplemented group that was of borderline statistical significance (P = .07 for change in serum estrone level in soymilk-supplemented group versus control group). CONCLUSION: Much larger studies will be required to confirm the ability of soy products to reduce serum estrogen levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations in post-menopausal Japanese women.

OBJECTIVES: Positive association between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been observed in men but not women. We aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationships of DHEAS, estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to serum lipid concentrations in post-menopausal Japanese women. METHODS: A total of 56 post-menopausal Japanese women were derived from female residents in Takayama City in Japan. The information on body size, disease history, reproductive history, diet, and physical activity were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: DHEAS was significantly and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.28). There was no correlation between DHEAS and total-cholesterol (r = -0.02). E2 was not significantly correlated with total- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. However, SHBG-unbound E2 was significantly positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.34) and negatively correlated with triglyceride (r = -0.27) after controlling for age and BMI. SHBG was negatively correlated with triglyceride, although the correlation was not statistically significant (r = -0.22). CONCLUSION: These data suggest favorable effect of DHEAS as well as E2 and SHBG on lipid profile in Japanese post-menopausal women.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1998

Association of diet and other lifestyle with onset of menopause in Japanese women.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cross-sectional relationships of dietary and other lifestyle variables to menopause. METHODS: A total of 4186 female residents aged 45-55 in Takayama City, Japan, responded to a self-administered questionnaire (the response rate was 89.3%). Diet in the past year was assessed by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using the logistic regression model, associations between study variables and menopausal status were estimated in terms of odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Nulliparity and lower relative weight were significantly associated with menopause after controlling for age (P < 0.05). The association of smoking with menopause was marginally significant after controlling for age (P = 0.06). Higher intakes of fat, cholesterol, and coffee were inversely and significantly associated with later menopause after controlling for age, total energy, parity, menarche age, and relative weight (ORs for the highest tertiles of fat, cholesterol and coffee intakes were 0.78, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively, P < 0.05). The highest tertiles of calcium and soy product intakes were significantly associated with menopause after controlling for the covariates (ORs = 1.25 and 1.42, respectively, P < 0.05), but postmenopausal women who had menopause at later age showed higher calcium intake than those who had menopause at early age. CONCLUSION: Dietary factors appear to be associated with onset of menopause.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1998

Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal Japanese women.

Caffeine intake has been proposed to influence breast cancer risk. Its effect may be mediated by hormonal changes. The relationships between caffeine-containing beverages (coffee, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and cola) and serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were evaluated in 50 premenopausal Japanese women. Intakes of caffeine and caffeine-containing beverages were assessed by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from each woman on Days 11 and 22 of her menstrual cycle. High intakes of caffeinated coffee, green tea, and total caffeine were commonly correlated with increasing sex hormone-binding globulin on Days 11 and 22 of the cycle after controlling for potential confounders [Spearman correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.23 to 0.31]. Green tea but not caffeinated coffee intake was inversely correlated with estradiol on Day 11 of the cycle (r = -0.32, p = 0.04). Although the effect of caffeine cannot be distinguished from effects of coffee and green tea, consumption of caffeine-containing beverages appeared to favorably alter hormone levels associated with the risk of developing breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Decreased serum total cholesterol concentration is associated with high intake of soy products in Japanese men and women.

The relationship between soy product intake and serum total cholesterol concentration was examined in 1242 men and 3596 women who participated in an annual health check-up program in Takayama City, Japan, provided by the municipality in 1992. The intake of soy products and various foods and nutrients was assessed by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from fasting subjects to measure the serum total cholesterol concentration. A significant trend (P for trend = 0. 0001) was observed for decreasing total cholesterol concentration with an increasing intake of soy products in men after controlling for age, smoking status and intake of total energy, total protein and total fat. This negative trend (P for trend = 0.0001) was also noted in women after controlling for age, menopausal status, body mass index and intake of total energy and vitamin C. An additional adjustment for physical activity, coffee and tea consumption, and intake of cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber and vitamin E did not change the results. These data suggest a role for soy products in human cholesterol homeostasis.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1998

Food diversity and validity of semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.

We hypothesized that validity of semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire would be affected by food diversity (variety of foods consumed), because greater food diversity may be related to greater within-individual variation of nutrient intake, which can attenuate the correlation coefficient measuring validity of the questionnaire. We obtained 12 one-day diet records over one year and responses to a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire from 37 subjects. The food diversity score for each subject was determined by the total number of different foods consumed during the 12 days for the diet records, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to the score. The within-individual variances were similar in those with higher and lower food diversity scores. We never observed a significantly lower correlation coefficient for any nutrient in those with higher food diversity scores. The observed and corrected correlations for most of the micronutrients were higher in those with higher food diversity scores, and the differences were statistically significant for crude fiber, vitamin C, iron, and potassium. The validity of the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire did not appear to be lowered greatly by greater food diversity.

Adult↗