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C Nagata

Publications and source records attributed to C Nagata.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study.

Colorectal cancer incidence in relation to body size, smoking, and alcohol consumption was studied in a cohort of 29 051 city residents of Japan. In 1992, each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, drinking, cigarette smoking, diet, exercise, and reproductive and medical histories. The response rate was 92%. From 1993 to 2000, 161 men and 134 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at two major hospitals in the city. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Cox proportional hazard models. A positive relation between height and colorectal cancer was seen in both sexes, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, and years of education. The findings were statistically significant only for men (relative risk 2.13 for the tallest compared with the shortest height tertile; 95% confidence interval=1.26-3.58). Body mass index was also associated positively with colon cancer risk for men, whereas the pattern for women was not clear. There was a positive association between pack-years of cigarette smoking and the risk of rectal cancer in men. A positive dose-response relation between alcohol consumption and colon cancer risk was observed for men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A prospective cohort study of soy product intake and stomach cancer death.

The relationship between intake of soy products and death from stomach cancer was examined in a community-based prospective study of Japanese men and women in Takayama, Japan. Over 7 years of follow-up, 121 deaths from stomach cancer (81 men and 40 women) occurred among 30,304 (13,880 men and 16,424 women) participants who were at least 35 years of age. Diet including the intake of soy products and isoflavones was assessed by a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire at the beginning of the study. In men, the highest compared to the lowest tertile of total soy product intake was significantly inversely associated with death from stomach cancer after controlling for covariates (hazard ratios=0.50; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.26-0.93, P for trend=0.03). Decreased hazard ratios for the highest compared to the lowest tertiles of total soy product intake (hazard ratios=0.49; 95% CI 0.22-1.13) was observed in women, although this association was of marginal significance. These data suggest that soy intake may reduce the risk of death from stomach cancer.

Chemoprevention↗
PubMed2002

Soy product intake and serum isoflavonoid and estradiol concentrations in relation to bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women.

To evaluate soy intake and serum concentrations of estradiol and isoflavonoids and their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) activity, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 87 postmenopausal Japanese women. Soy product and isoflavone intake from soy products and intake of nutrients were assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. BMD (mg/cm2) was measured by single-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the site of the calcaneus. Serum estradiol (E2) and the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum genistein and daidzein concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography MS/MS method. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the ratio of E2 to SHBG and BMD (Spearman r=0.38, p=0.0003) after controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, age at menarche, and intake of vegetable fat, vitamin C and salt. Soy product and isoflavone intake and serum isoflavones were not significantly correlated with BMD after controlling for the covariates. Serum ALP was not significantly correlated with soy product and isoflavone intake, the E2/SHBG ratio or serum isoflavones. The present study supports the association of BMD with serum estradiol; however, it does not support the association of BMD with soy or isoflavone intake or serum isoflavone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Soy product intake and hot flashes in Japanese women: results from a community-based prospective study.

The association between soy product intake and the occurrence of hot flashes was examined in a cohort of 1,106 female residents of Takayama, Gifu, JAPAN: The women were aged 35-54 years and premenopausal at their entry into the study in 1992. Diet, including intake of soy products and isoflavones, was assessed by means of a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at study entry. A follow-up mail questionnaire asking about experiences of hot flashes was sent in 1998. During the 6 years of the study period, 101 women had new moderate or severe hot flashes according to the Kupperman test of menopausal distress. After data were controlled for age, total energy intake, and menopausal status, hot flashes were significantly inversely associated with consumption of soy products in terms of both total amount (highest tertile of soy product intake (g/day) vs. lowest: hazard ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.79; p for trend = 0.005) and isoflavone intake (highest tertile of isoflavone intake (mg/day) vs. lowest: hazard ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.72; p for trend = 0.002). These data suggest that consumption of soy products has a protective effect against hot flashes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Diet and colorectal adenoma in Japanese males and females.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between risk of colorectal adenoma and dietary intake of nutrients and foods. METHODS: In 1992, diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in a cohort of the Takayama Study in Japan. Patients were 181 male and 98 female cohort members who were newly histologically proved to have colorectal adenoma at colonoscopic examination between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1995. Controls were 12,607 males and 15,754 females who had no history of colorectal polyp, adenoma, and cancer at baseline (1992) and were not diagnosed to have these diseases during the follow-up period. RESULTS: In males, the risk of adenoma was significantly associated with intake of animal protein and vitamin A (relative risk, 1.42; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00-2.04; and relative risk, 1.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04-2.20, for the highest vs. lowest tertiles, respectively; P for trend = 0.048 and 0.03, respectively) after controlling for age, years of smoking, and alcohol intake. A significantly inverse association was observed for carbohydrate intake after controlling for the covariates (relative risk, 0.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.32-0.82, for the highest vs. lowest tertiles; P for trend = 0.02). Intakes of animal fat and cholesterol were marginally associated with risk of adenoma. CONCLUSION: Some dietary components such as animal protein and carbohydrate, which have been associated with risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer in western populations, were also associated with risk of colorectal adenoma in the Japanese population.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Soy product intake and premenopausal hysterectomy in a follow-up study of Japanese women.

OBJECTIVE: The estrogenicity of dietary soy may increase the risk of diseases, such as uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis, which originate from uterine tissue and are predominant indications for hysterectomy. We sought to determine whether soy product intake is associated with an increased risk of premenopausal hysterectomy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Takayama City, Gifu, Japan. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 1172 female residents randomly selected from participants in the Takayama Study who were aged 35-54 and premenopausal at the time they entered the study in 1992. MEASUREMENTS: Diet including soy product and isoflavone intake was assessed by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Information on the onset of menopause and hysterectomy were obtained by a follow-up mail questionnaire in 1998. RESULTS: During the 6 y study period, 31 women underwent premenopausal hysterectomies. The second tertile of isoflavone intake was significantly associated with an decreased risk of premenopausal hysterectomy compared to the lowest tertile of intake after controlling for age and total energy (rate ratio=0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.97), although the dose-response relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that soy product intake may be inversely associated with diagnoses leading to hysterectomy. Future studies focusing on specific diseases will be required to examine this possibility. SPONSORSHIP: Grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Isolation and characterization of the Enterobacter cloacae cheR mutant defective in phosphate taxis.

A chemotaxis-defective mutant of Enterobacter cloacae IFO3320, designated EC1, was isolated after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis. Computer-assisted capillary assays showed that EC1 failed to show chemotactic responses to peptone and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Cloning and sequence analysis showed that EC1 is a cheR mutant, suggesting that Pi taxis by E. cloacae is dependent on a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein(s) (MCP). EC1 was further mutagenized with NTG to construct cheR pstS and cheR pstA double mutants. A recombinant plasmid pECT01.2, which contained the E. cloacae cheR gene, restored the ability of these double mutants to show chemotaxis toward peptone but not Pi. These results suggest that the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system, together with a MCP(s), is required for detecting Pi in E. cloacae.

Chemotaxis↗
PubMed2001

Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men.

Soy consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. The mechanism for this association may involve the effect of soy on the endocrine system. We conducted a randomized dietary intervention study to determine the effects of soy consumption on serum levels of steroid hormones in men. Thirty-five men were randomly assigned to either a soymilk-supplemented group or a control group. The men in the soy-supplemented group were asked to consume 400 ml of soymilk daily for 8 weeks. The men in the control group maintained their usual diet. Blood samples were obtained just before the initiation of the dietary period and thereafter every two weeks for 12 weeks. Changes in hormone concentrations were analyzed and compared between the two groups using the mixed linear regression model against weeks from the start of the dietary period. The mean (SD) soymilk intake estimated from dietary records during the dietary study period was 342.9 (SD, 74.2) ml in the soymilk-supplemented group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of changes in serum estrone concentrations, which tended to decrease in the soy-supplemented group and increase in the control group over time. None of the other hormones measured (estradiol, total and free-testosterone, or sex hormone-binding globulin) showed any statistical difference between the two groups in terms of patterns of change. The results of the study indicate that soymilk consumption may modify circulating estrone concentrations in men.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Association of diet with the onset of menopause in Japanese women.

A prospective study was conducted in Takayama, Gifu, Japan, to evaluate the association between diet and the onset of menopause. A total of 1,130 female residents aged 35-54 years who were premenopausal and completed a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1992 were contacted by mail with a follow-up questionnaire in 1998 to update information on menopause. Onset of menopause was defined as a woman's age at the last menstrual period prior to stopping menstruation for 12 months. During the 6-year study period, 296 women experienced natural menopause. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios of the onset of menopause after controlling for age, total energy, body mass index, years of smoking, and age at which regular menstrual cycle began. The authors found that green and yellow vegetable intake was significantly inversely associated with the 6-year incidence of menopause (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 0.95 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of intake, p for trend = 0.02). Association of carotene intake with the incidence of menopause was of borderline significance (hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 1.04, p for trend = 0.07).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hypocholesterolemic effect of soymilk supplementation with usual diet in premenopausal normolipidemic Japanese women.

BACKGROUND: The hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein concentrates on normolipidemic subjects still remains unclear. Our objective is to assess the effect of soymilk supplementation, a whole soy product, with usual diet on serum lipids in normolipidemic subjects. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial on 60 premenopausal normolipidemic Japanese women. After excluding 8 subjects whose initial serum concentration of total cholesterol or triacylglycerol was higher than 220 mg/dL (5.69 mmol/L) or 160 mg/dL (1.81 mmol/L), respectively, we encouraged the subjects in the soymilk-supplemented group (n = 27) to consume 400 mL (408 g) of commercial regular soymilk daily during two menstrual cycles. There were no significant differences in variables, including nutrient intake, between the soymilk-supplemented and control (n = 25) groups before the intervention. RESULTS: After the trial, we observed a significant decrease of 10.9 mg/dL, or 5.3%, in serum concentration of total cholesterol in the soymilk-supplemented group. During the intervention, nutrient intake assessment showed significant increases in nutrient densities of vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, isoflavones, and P/S ratio and decreases in total energy and nutrient densities of vitamin C and green tea in this group. A statistically significant decrease in serum total cholesterol could still be observed even after excluding the estimated hypocholesterolemic effects of soymilk's polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the hypocholesterolemic effect of soymilk, a traditional whole soy product, in Asian countries in normolipidemic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Serum concentrations of estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and soy product intake in relation to psychologic well-being in peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women.

The effect of steroid hormones, such as estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on psychologic well-being of women has been suggested. Dietary estrogen may also affect psychologic status. We examined the cross-sectional relationships of serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) and dietary intake of soy products to psychologic status measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 scales in 86 peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Intake of soy products and other dietary components was estimated from a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. A fasting blood sample was obtained from each woman to measure serum concentrations of E2 and DHEAS. Serum DHEAS was significantly inversely correlated with CES-D scale (r = -.22, P = .04) and GHQ-12 scale (r = -.27, P = .01). Soy product intake was significantly inversely correlated with CES-D scale (r = -.22, P = .04). Neither serum E2 concentration nor the ratio of serum E2 to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was associated with any of the psychologic measurements. These data suggest a possibility that endogenous DHEA sulfate and dietary soy may modulate psychologic well-being of peri- and postmenopausal women.

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate↗
PubMed2000

Ecological study of the association between soy product intake and mortality from cancer and heart disease in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic properties of soy have been demonstrated in experimental studies. To evaluate the relationship between soy product intake and mortality from several types of cancer and heart disease, an ecological analysis was performed in 47 prefectures in Japan. METHODS: Age-standardized mortality rates for heart disease and stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer were obtained from the National Vital Statistics, 1995. Information on major nutrient and soy product intake was obtained from the National Nutritional Survey Report 1980-1985. In this survey, dietary habits were surveyed annually by 3-day diet record in about 6000 randomly selected households. RESULTS: Soy protein intake was significantly correlated with stomach cancer mortality rate in men after controlling for total energy, alcohol and salt intake, and the mean age and proportion of current smokers in the prefecture (r = -0.31, P = 0.04). Soy product intake estimated as total amount as well as isoflavone and soy protein intake were significantly positively correlated with colorectal cancer mortality rates in both sexes (for total amount, r = 0.32, P = 0.03 in men and r = 0.44, P = 0.001 in women) after controlling for covariates. The inverse correlation between soy product intake (as total amount or soy protein) and heart disease mortality rate was statistically significant in women after controlling for covariates (r = 0.32, P = 0.04 and r = -0.31, P = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study provides modest support for the preventive role of soy against stomach cancer and heart disease death.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Relations of insulin resistance and serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin to potential breast cancer risk factors.

There is a hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance may be a mediator for breast cancer risk factors. On the other hand, some, but not all, of the well-known risk factors of breast cancer have been associated with serum estrogen concentrations. We assessed the relationships of potential breast cancer risk factors to indicators of insulin resistance, fasting plasma insulin concentration and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-R), in 88 postmenopausal Japanese women. We also examined whether insulin resistance would explain the association of breast cancer risk factors with serum estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Information on potential breast cancer risk factors, such as demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, diet, exercise, menstrual and reproductive factors, was obtained by self-administered health questionnaire including a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with the ratio of estradiol to SHBG (Spearman r = 0.30, P = 0.0004), fasting plasma insulin (r = 0.45) and HOMA-R (r = 0.43, P = 0.0001) after controlling for age. The correlations were still significant between BMI and estradiol / SHBG ratio (r = 0.21, P = 0.047) after controlling for fasting plasma insulin and between BMI and fasting plasma insulin (r = 0.40, P = 0. 0001) as well as HOMA-R (r = 0.38, P = 0.0003) after controlling for estradiol / SHBG ratio. There is a possibility that effect of BMI on breast cancer risk is mediated by both insulin resistance and estrogen metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Inverse association of soy product intake with serum androgen and estrogen concentrations in Japanese men.

The cross-sectional relationships of soy product intake and serum testosterone, estrone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and dihydrotestosterone were examined in 69 Japanese men. Soy product intake was estimated from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum estradiol concentration was significantly inversely correlated with soy product intake (r = -0.32, p = 0.009), and serum estrone concentration was nonsignificantly inversely correlated with soy product intake (r = -0.24, p = 0.05) after controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, and ethanol intake. Total and free testosterone concentrations were inversely correlated with soy product intake after controlling for the covariates, but these correlations were of border line significance (r = -0.25, p = 0.05 and r = -0.25, p = 0.06, respectively). Similar correlations were observed for these hormones with isoflavone intake from soy products. The data suggest that soy product intake may be associated with the endogenous hormone levels in Japanese men.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Total and monounsaturated fat intake and serum estrogen concentrations in premenopausal Japanese women.

The relationships between fat intake and serum estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin were examined cross-sectionally in 60 premenopausal Japanese women. Blood samples were collected on Day 11 of the menstrual cycle. Intake of fats, classified according to fat type, and other macro- and micronutrients was estimated on the basis of daily diet records from Day 2 through Day 10 of the cycle. Total fat intake was significantly correlated with serum estrone concentration (Spearman r = 0.30, p = 0.02) and marginally significantly correlated with serum estradiol concentration (r = 0.26, p = 0.05) after controlling for age, total energy, and number of days before the next menses. Monounsaturated fat intake was significantly correlated with serum estrone (r = 0.32, p = 0.02) and serum estradiol (r = 0.27, p = 0.045). These data suggest an effect of dietary fat on serum estrogen concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Relationships between types of fat consumed and serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men.

The relationships between types of fat consumed and serum concentrations of estrone, estradiol, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were examined in 69 Japanese men aged 43-88 years. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats was inversely correlated with serum total testosterone after controlling for age, total energy, body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking status, but the correlation was statistically significant only for polyunsaturated fat (r = -0.29, p = 0.02). Intakes of eicosapentanoic and docosahexaenoic acids, n-3 fatty acids from fish, were significantly inversely correlated with total testosterone (r = -0.25, p = 0.04 and r = -0.32, p = 0.01, respectively). Serum estrone, estradiol, and free testosterone were not significantly correlated with any type of fat studied. The correlations of total testosterone with n-3 fatty acids from fish remained significant after additional adjustment for the other categories of fat (r = -0.27, p = 0. 03 for eicosapentanoic acid and r = -0.32, p = 0.01 for docosahexaenoic acid), while the correlations with saturated and monounsaturated fats became nearly null after the adjustment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Accidental pyriform sinus perforation with Savary-Gilliard esophageal bougie during general anesthesia].

A 71-year-old female with esophagohiatal hernia underwent a laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication under general anesthesia. During the operation a Savary-Gilliard bougie was temporarily inserted to the esophagus to prevent esophagostenosis. After the emergence from anesthesia, the patient complained of severe back pain and developed tachypnea and a low SpO2 associated with an enlargement of mediastinal shadow on the chest X-ray, suggesting mediastinal perforation. Examination by endoscopy and thoracotomy revealed a pyriform sinus perforation reaching down to the mediastinum. This case demonstrates the possibility of accidental perforation by various devices inserted blindly to esophagus, especially during general anesthesia, and the importance of close observation of patients after the emergence from anesthesia.

Aged↗