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Biomedical subjects

C Mayaud

Publications and source records attributed to C Mayaud.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A hypereosinophilic syndrome with retinal arteritis and tuberculosis.

A 35-year-old man was initially seen with a decrease in visual acuity, renal insufficiency, and elevation of the eosinophil count in the blood. The ocular syndrome was caused by extensive arterial occlusions of the retina. The subsequent apparition of cardiac, pulmonary, and neurologic signs fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Most symptoms, including ocular, were temporarily but notably improved by hydroxyurea. The patient died after two years. An autopsy showed an endomyocardial fibrosis and disclosed destruction of the left kidney by an active tuberculosis. A pathogenic relationship between the infectious disease and the HES is envisaged.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Acute respiratory failure disclosing bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis].

In the case of three patients an acute respiratory failure with alveolar hypoventilation is related to bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis apparently isolated from any other neurologic abnormalities. The current initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism leading to admission in an intensive respiratory care unit, because of the severity of the acute respiratory failure, has to be rectified then. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is suspected on account of the absence of any patent etiology, on increasing dyspnea in supine position and paradoxic movements of the upper abdomen (whether spontaneously or in attempted weaning of ventilation support). Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is asserted by electromyogram with measurement of nerve conduction velocities of the two phrenic nerves. In the first case, it appears early in the course of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; in the second case, it occurs before the presence of a herpes-zoster becomes patent. In the third case, paralysis seems to be idiopathic. Evolution is promising in the last two cases, owing to the reversibility of the lesions. The difficulty of diagnosis, the varying nature of etiology and prognosis encountered in these three cases are also apparent in the 15 cases published in medical literature. The small number of cases published up to now, contrasting with the cases we have witnessed over the last 3 years, leads us to think that this disease must exist more often and may remain unknown to us.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in the treatment of acute respiratory infections with mucostasis].

Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA), a molecular combination of an antibiotic and a mucolytic, is particularly indicated in the treatment of acute bronchopulmonary infections characterized by mucostasis. Our report is a synthesis of 9 clinical studies on TGA made in France between 1972 and 1976. These studies involved a total of 587 patients (475 adults and 112 children) with bacterial bronchopulmonary infections. Most of the patients were hospitalized, and none were affected by abnormal renal function or hematologic disorders. All received TGA per os or i.m. for an average of 7 days. The effects of TGA were evaluated clinically, radiologically, biologically and bacteriologically. The results of TGA treatment were assessed: - Favourable in 337 patients (58%), TGA mucolytic and antibiotic activity rapidly producing complete cures; - Useful in 160 patients (27%), TGA mucolytic and antibiotic activity producing slow cures; - Nil in 90 patients (15%), TGA producing no evidence of mucolytic and antibiotic activity. During treatment, various minor side effects were observed. In the case of two patients, treatment was not tolerated and therefore suspended. At the end of treatment, hypereosinophilia was observed in 5 patients and thrombocytopenia, anemia or inverted W.B.C. differential counts were observed in 22 patients, due to the presence of thiamphenicol glycinate in the molecule. These effects proved spontaneously reversible.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1980

[Pulmonary emphysema, hepatic lesions, and insulin-dependent diabetes in a patient with alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi ZZ) deficiency (author's transl)].

A 47-year-old patient with panlobular emphysema and insulin-dependent diabetes had an alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype Pi ZZ deficiency. Liver function tests were abnormal, and postmortem examination of the liver demonstrated abnormal intrahepatocytic globules of A1AT (a typical finding when the allele Z is present), but also fibrosis with steatosis. The patient's sister, Pi ZZ, had neither diabetes nor bronchopneumopathy, and no anomalies in liver function. Needle puncture biopsy of the liver had not been conducted. The phenotype Pi ZZ is typically associated with panlobular emphysema in adults, and cholestatic hepatitis in children. From reports in the published literature, it appears that isolated hepatic lesions or those associated with emphysema are rare. The fortuitous association of diabetes and hepatic lesions in this typical case of pulmonary affection in an adult is discussed.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1976

[Pickwickian syndrome and hypersomnia with periodic respiration].

A classical definition of Pickwickian syndrome associates alveolar hypoventilation, obesity and hypersomnia with periodic breathing. Obesity in itself is enough to explain the alveolar hypoventilation and some of the sleep disorders, but in fact all three elements of this syndrome are intricated. Obesity, whether associated with a Pickwickian syndrome or not, affects ventilatory mechanics similarly. With the cause of sleep disorders are associated central ventilatory pauses, appearing periodically followed by phases of apnoea secondary to buccopharyngial hypotony. The alveolar hypoventilation is therefore the consequence of obesity and periodic apnoea. It also results from a low respiratory frequency considering that the tidal volume is also decreased. These different elements suggest some disorder of the centers controling ventilation. One can describe different nosological forms, all having as a common factor hypersomnia with periodic respiration, the latter being a determining factor in the diagnosis. Therapy, including weight reduction and symptomatic treatment of alveolar hypoventilation, is now augmented by new drugs acting on the central nervous system.

Circadian Rhythm↗