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Biomedical subjects

C Mayaud

Publications and source records attributed to C Mayaud.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[AIDS and associated syndromes: clinical manifestations].

Numerous clinical and immunological manifestations are commonly observed in AIDS patients. Among these, Kaposi's sarcoma and major opportunistic infections appear today as clinical "markers" of the disease. Other signs and symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy and immunological abnormalities are currently recognized as "associated" disorders. One of the main problems faced by clinicians is to evaluate the significance of these "associated" abnormalities, especially when they occur in at risk populations. Much work is still needed to clarify whether they actually imply an individual predisposition to contract the disease, a minor form or some early stage of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[The amiodarone lung].

During the past 3 years, 51 cases of pulmonary lesions associated with the use of amiodarone, an effective anti-arrhythmic and anti-angina drug, have been reported in 17 publications. Durations of treatment, daily doses and total dosage were extremely varied. Clinical symptoms as well as radiological findings, respiratory function studies and laboratory data suggested hypersensitivity pneumonia. However, the histopathological substrate remains ill-defined, and while some data suggest a toxic effect, others are in favour of an immune reaction ending in diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Five of the 11 deaths reported seem to be directly related to the drug. It would appear that long-term treatment with amiodarone requires regular periodical examination of the respiratory system.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1984

[Bronchocentric granulomatosis].

Bronchocentric granulomatosis (G.B.C.) is a disorder which was considered rare till recently (67 cases published). The essential histo-pathological lesion is the presence of a necrosing granuloma in the wall of the small bronchi and bronchioles which may extend by contiguity into the adjacent pulmonary arterioles. The origin and exclusive bronchial location of the granuloma and the absence as a rule of extra-pulmonary lesions enable a distinction to be made with pulmonary vasculitis and other granulomas. It occurs in asthmatics (1/3 of cases) with a blood eosinophilia (79% of cases); a mycotic aetiology (essentially aspergillosis) is seen in 68% of cases and a hypersensitivity mechanism is probable. It may equally occur in non-asthmatic patients (2/3 of cases) often older and less frequently symptomatic; a cause is rarely found here and although the pathogenesis remains obscure a hypersensitivity reaction is likely. The radiology is similar in the two groups; typically represented by a round macro-nodular opacity or a single infiltrate in the upper lobes. The outcome is favourable in 90% of cases, either spontaneously or as a result of treatment (surgical excision or steroid therapy). Thus it is important to differentiate other pulmonary granulomas whose prognosis is much more guarded. These particular characteristics suggest that G.B.C. should be removed from the group of pulmonary vasculitides in which they were initially placed by Liebow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of an asthmatic crisis by acupuncture. Probable role in the onset of pneumothorax with development to status asthmaticus].

The onset of pneumothorax during acupuncture treatment has been reported since 1973. Usually unilateral, it occurs in patients free from any bronchopulmonary disease, and its consequences are therefore relatively benign. However, rare cases of bilateral pneumothorax have been reported since 1978, as well as a pneumothorax developing in asthmatic patients, with often dramatic consequences. A 15-year-old girl with a severe attack of asthma was treated by implantation of needles, and this coincided with the onset of a pneumothorax, and a subsequent state of status asthmaticus. A fatal outcome was only just avoided. The question is raised as to the technical quality of the implantations practised, as well as the validity and dangers of acupuncture in asthmatics, particularly during the acute attack.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1983

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 4 homosexuals].

Two young homosexual men apparently without any obvious cause of immunosuppression suddenly developed a series of opportunistic infections. Two others presented with prolonged fever and multiple lymph node enlargement of obscure origin. Immunological investigations in these 4 patients showed skin anergy and inversion of helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratio. Proliferative responses to mitogenic agents, soluble antigens and allogenic cells were altered only in the 2 patients with opportunistic infections. Humoral immunity seemed to be preserved in all cases. These 4 patients had previously suffered from many sexually-transmitted infections, had spent some time in the United States and had signs of past or present cytomegalovirus infection. As in the U.S.A., where this "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" suddenly developed during the past 2 years, one may suspect, among several hypotheses, that it is caused by a transmissible agent now present in France.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

[Emergency treatment of severe hemoptysis by embolization of systemic arteries].

Over a 6-year period 23 patients with massive haemoptysis were treated at the Hôpital Tenon, Paris. Eighteen of these, usually considered "non-surgical" cases, underwent emergency embolization of the bronchial artery (B.A.E.). The immediate outcome was favourable in 14 patients; 4 died of early recurrence. B.A.E. therefore appears to be a valuable treatment of massive haemoptysis in "non-surgical" patients or in patients awaiting transfer to a thoracic surgery unit. However, because of the failure rate, B.A.E. cannot compete with thoracic surgery in its classical indications, and its effectiveness and safety should be compared with those of balloon catheter endobronchial tamponade in "non-surgical" patients.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1983

[Pulmonary infections caused by Pneumocystis carinii].

The following topics are discussed: 1. Pneumocystis carnii: appearance, antigenic structure, pathogenicity...; 2. Human pneumocytosis: clinical, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects; 3. Pneumocystis carnii and the pneumocystoses: coexistence, theoretical and practical consequences, difficulties in interpretation of bronchiolo-alveolar lavage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Respiratory manifestations of mycosis fungoides. Apropos of a case].

Mycosis fungoides is today classified amongst the cutaneous T lymphomas. The course of the disease is slow, first strictly dermatological, then with polyvisceral spread most often presenting as lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary involvement, with a poor prognosis, is often recognised only at autopsy. The differential diagnosis between pulmonary involvement by the disease and isolated or associated opportunistic infectious pathology is virtually impossible during the patient's lifetime except by surgical lung biopsy. The case reported here illustrates these data and has the particular feature of the onset of pulmonary involvement during cutaneous remission of the disease, contrasting with the visceral spread found at autopsy.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiological features of Legionnaires' disease in the Paris area.

Although the first French case of Legionnaires' disease (LD) was diagnosed in 1979 and the first six serogroups of L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae serogroup 2 were demonstrated in environmental samples from the Paris area, the incidence of the disease has not yet been evaluated in France. Prevalence of antibodies, as detected by an immunofluorescent assay, in the Paris population of our study ranged from 0.9 to 2.2%. LD was demonstrated in 155 (4.4%) of 3502 patients investigated mainly by serology. In a prospective study in a respiratory intensive care unit 20 (7.8%) cases of pneumonia out of 257 were caused by L. pneumophila. 171 of the 175 cases of LD diagnosed in Paris during 33 months were caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Risk factors and epidemiological features of patients are similar to those described in other countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Aneurysm of the subclavian artery: an unusual cause of mediastinal pseudotumor].

A 62 year old woman presenting with dyspnoea was found to have a large right superior mediastinal opacity compressing neighbouring anatomical structures: trachea, esophagus and superior vena cava. Thoracic ultrasonography suggested a liquid mass which was non-pulsatile. At surgery, however, this was found to be a subclavian artery aneurysm, a diagnosis confirmed by arteriography. The lesion was opened and vascular continuity reestablished by prosthetic grafting. Only five other cases appear to have been reported. The clinical, radiological and etiological aspects are discussed.

Aneurysm↗