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Biomedical subjects

C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to C Martin.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Cholesteatoma of the petrous bone with major expansion. Apropos of 17 cases].

Cholesteatomas with major extension correspond to lesions invading beyond the classical limits of middle ear affections. Pathogenicity, and clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disorder are discussed in relation to 17 cases where the affection appeared to be secondary to initial otitic lesions. The diagnostic difficulty in patients with open tympanic membranes is the evaluation of the degree of extension of the lesion, while it has to be considered in patients with closed membranes, particularly in the presence of facial paralysis and internal ear deafness. Radiographic examinations, even when of high quality, may fail to detect cholesteatomas with major extension, and these may be a surprising finding on operation. Treatment is uniquely surgical and requires experience in otoneurosurgical techniques. Total excision is essential in order to avoid rare but serious complications of the affection.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of bite marks in a selected juvenile population: a preliminary report.

A study of the frequency of bite marks among sheltered children was conducted for a period of three months in the juvenile care facilities in Las Vegas, NV. The study demonstrated an incidence of 1 545 bite marks per 100 000 population. Analysis of the age, sex, and location of bite marks is presented. The study demonstrated an incidence comparable to diseases such as gonorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. A sometime surgical problem.

The study was undertaken to focus attention on idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, which may confront any surgeon operating in the abdomen or retroperitoneal area. Eleven patients, six men and five women varying in age from 35 to 76 years, were treated from 1969 to 1983. Two patients gave a history of methysergide and one gave a history of ergotamine ingestion. Two patients had associated aortic aneurysms and two had renal artery stenosis. Symptoms were related to entrapment of retroperitoneal structures, primarily the ureter, vena cava, gonadal veins, the aorta and its branches. Abdominal and costovertebral angle pain, testicular pain and swelling, and renovascular hypertension were the most common symptoms. The most common differential diagnostic problem was retroperitoneal tumor. Intravenous or retrograde pyelography were suggestive of the diagnosis in five patients, ultrasonography in two, and computerized axial tomography in another. Treatment consisted of ureterolysis and intraperitoneal transplantation or omental wrapping of the ureter in five, nephrostomy in two, renal-iliac arterial bypass graft in two, and renal autotransplantation in one. One patient was treated conservatively. Good results were achieved in eight, fair results in two, and one patient died postoperatively. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis should be kept in mind diagnostically in patients with unexplained abdominal pain and/or retroperitoneal lesions, and the surgeon prepared to employ appropriate operative measures for relief when it is encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A sensitive human thyroglobulin RIA to define clearly the presence or absence of functioning thyroid tissue.

This paper describes a practical procedure to establish a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human thyroglobulin (HTg) in serum. The assay enables a clear distinction to be made between levels of HTg indicating the presence or absence of functioning thyroid tissue. It compares the use of HTg serum levels with the conventional I-131 scintigram as a marker for recurrent thyroid cancer. In addition, a simple and sensitive radioimmunologic assay is described for the determination of serum antithyroglobulin autoantibodies, the presence of which may give falsely elevated HTg levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Measurement of insulin sensitivity using the somatostatin-insulin-glucose test. Importance of the determination of plasma free fatty acids and insulin clearance].

Insulin sensitivity was determined in normal subjects and in subjects with possible insulin-resistance by simultaneous infusion of somatostatin, insulin and glucose. C peptide, growth hormone and glucagon were decreased by somatostatin in all subjects. Steady-state blood glucose was 2.84 mM (mean) in normal subjects and between 11 and 15 mM in the other subjects (p less than 0.01), indicating severe insulin resistance. Steady state plasma insulin was 50 mU/l (mean) in control subjects, but was markedly lower in one of the subjects with insulin-resistance and higher in the other two subjects, suggesting abnormalities in insulin clearance in these subjects. An index of insulin sensitivity taking into account these variable insulin levels was decreased in the insulin-resistant subjects (21 to 61, vs 117 to 251; p less than 0.01). Insulin-resistant subjects had increased basal levels of plasma free fatty acids (p less than 0.01) which failed to decrease during the test as in control subjects, suggesting abnormal metabolic regulation. In contrast, blood ketone bodies were normal in the basal state and decreased similarly in all subjects during the test, suggesting that hepatic ketogenesis does not resist to insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Catheterization of the axillary vein in intensive care. Analysis of a series of 151 cases].

In order to lower the risks of infection and other complications during prolonged venous catheterization, percutaneous axillary venepuncture is advocated as an access route to the superior vena cava. This study relates the results of 151 attempts. Most of the patients were tracheostomized and under controlled ventilation. Catheterization was successful in 79% of the cases (119 cases). In 92 cases access to the superior vena cava was sought and in 27 cases the pulmonary artery. No major complication was observed. Bacterial contamination of the catheter tip was found in 21% of cases. Percutaneous catheterization of the axillary vein appeared to be a safe and reliable technique, especially for prolonged catheterization in high risk patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins released into medium upon inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis.

Inhibition of murein biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae by either penicillin or bacitracin leads to an increase in the amount of protein secreted into the medium. This process was studied in wild-type cells grown under lysis-permissive conditions as well as in an autolysin-deficient mutant. The time course of secretion did not follow cellular lysis but commenced immediately after the addition of the cell wall inhibitor in a manner similar to that described recently for cell wall and membrane components in various tolerant streptococci. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that this increase was not due to the stimulation of release of three protein components which are secreted under normal growth conditions; rather, a complex set of cellular proteins escaped from the antibiotic-treated pneumococci. The proteins released during bacitracin treatment was slightly different from those observed when penicillin was used. Analysis on sucrose gradients indicated that the secreted proteins were membrane bound rather than soluble. Membrane vesicles could indeed be detected by electron microscopy of negative-stained secreted material.

Bacitracin↗
PubMed1983

Receptor and postreceptor insulin resistance induced by in vivo hyperinsulinemia.

We examined the effects of inducing hyperinsulinemia in vivo in rats on the insulin receptors of, and the glucose oxidation by their adipocytes. Hyperinsulinemia was induced over a 2-week period by injecting NPH insulin subcutaneously. This was given in doses that were gradually increased to a final dose of 6 units/day. Profound hypoglycemia was avoided by providing supplemental sucrose to both the insulin-treated and control rats. The insulin concentration was eight times greater in the insulin-treated rats. However, they were not grossly obese and their adipocytes were not enlarged. The adipocytes of the hyperinsulinemic rats had a 25% lower maximal insulin binding capacity and were resistant to the effects of insulin on glucose oxidation. We felt that the hyperinsulinemia was sufficient so that, despite their somewhat lower insulin binding capacity, these adipocytes would not bind less insulin in vivo than would adipocytes from control rats. Hence, we postulated that, this massive hyperinsulinemia not only down regulated the insulin receptor, but also led to a postreceptor resistance. This notion was supported by two lines of in vitro data. First, even at maximally effective medium concentrations of insulin, the maximum rate of glucose oxidation by the adipocytes from hyperinsulinemic rats reached a plateau which was less than that reached by cells from controls. Second, when this in vitro glucose oxidation was related not merely to the medium insulin concentration, but to the amount of insulin bound to adipocytes, the response of the hyperinsulinemic rats' cells was always lower than control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

[Finally an effective treatment of facial hemispasm?].

In the absence of a known or generally admitted etiopathogeneicity, and as a result of failure of medical treatment for facial hemispasm, various surgical procedures have been proposed to alleviate this affection. Two types of operation can be distinguished: muscle resection and facial nerve surgery. The latter includes alcohol injection, combining of the 2nd part of the nerve, neurotomy, or neurectomy of the main or distal portions. However, recurrence is very frequent. Two cases were treated by evulsion of the suborbital nerve with marked success, all the above-mentioned procedures having been employed in one of these cases. Though it is too early to speak of recovery, there was no associated motor deficiency, particularly in the regions of the eye and labial commissure. These findings evoke possible relationships between facial and trigeminal nerves, a peripheral motor stimulus-response process providing an explanation for the hemispasm and its cure after evulsion of the suborbital nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Differential antagonism of the anticonflict effects of typical and atypical anxiolytics.

Selected benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine agents were studied alone or in the presence of benzodiazepine antagonists in the shock-induced suppression of drinking (SSD) procedure in rats. The disinhibitory activity of chlordiazepoxide, CL218,872, zopiclone and CGS 9896 was antagonized by two benzodiazepine antagonists, RO-15-1788 and CGS 8216. In contrast, the disinhibitory activity of fenobam, meprobamate, phenobarbital and tracazolate was not antagonized by either RO 15-1788 and CGS 8216. From these data it is apparent that the anticonflict activity of agents that bind to benzodiazepine receptors is blocked by benzodiazepine antagonists. In contrast, the activity of anxiolytics that are not displacers are unaffected even at higher doses.

Animals↗