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Biomedical subjects

C Müller

Publications and source records attributed to C Müller.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Spontaneous and interferon-induced activity of natural killer cells in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis].

We investigated spontaneous and gamma-interferon stimulated natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in patients with chronic liver disease: A significantly reduced NK activity was found in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LZ) and in chronic active hepatitis (CAH), as compared to healthy control individuals (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively). Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or with alcoholic non-cirrhotic liver disease had normal NK activities. Furthermore, ADCC was found to be significantly reduced in patients with CAH (p less than 0.05). The addition of gamma-interferon to peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro induced a similar increase in NK cell activity in all studied groups of patients. The reduced NK cell activity found in patients with LZ and CAH could constitute an important mechanism in the pathogenesis and contribute to the high incidence of virus-associated hepatic malignancies in these disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Stability test of trituratio paraoxoni AB-DDR 78].

Trituratio Paraoxoni was stored at various high temperatures and the content of the intact active ingredient was determined in suitable duration periods. The degradation of paraoxon follows up to 25% first order reaction. The reaction equilibrium constant calculated produces an Arrhenius-plot. The extrapolation of the reaction equilibrium constant to 20 degrees C was done under consideration of weighting factors and included a different number of loading temperatures and measurements of the concentration per time period. The shelf use calculated corresponds to the results of long-range storage. The necessity of an assaying as prescribed by AB-DDR 78 is confirmed.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Initial experience with technetium-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT.

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime ([99mTc]HM-PAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed with a dual head rotating scintillation camera. Normal tracer distribution and side/side differences of counting rates were obtained in 11 healthy volunteers. Almost stable gray/white matter ratios were found (1.97-2.1) in one normal subject during 2 hr after tracer administration. Eighty-three investigated patients had the following diagnoses (in parentheses is percent of positive findings in each group): cerebral vascular disease 18 (94.4%), epilepsy 23 (82.6%), extrapyramidal disorders 8 (100%), dementia 12 (100%), headache 11 (63.6%), psychiatric disorders 11 (27.3%). In addition, SPECT was performed in 28 male volunteers during motor or visual imagery tasks and a significant increase (p = 0.035) of relative tracer deposition was observed in the left inferior occipital region during visual imagery when compared with motor imagery. The results indicate that [99mTc]HM-PAO SPECT is valuable for demonstrating pathologic and physiologic changes of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal persons and patients with coronary heart disease].

As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease with a Somatom SF (Siemens) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg dipyridamole. Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of patients with coronary artery disease was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of hypertensive crises with nifedipine (Adalat) in patients at risk of infarct during interventions on the extracranial cerebral vessels].

Nifedipine (Adalat) was used in managing acute hypertension in 20 patients with coronary heart disease during endarterectomy for carotid stenosis. Nifedipine (Adalat) was given if the cardiac index dropped below 2.5 l/min and the total peripheral resistance increased above 2,500 dyn/sec cm-5. In these patients the systolic blood pressure was 20% higher than the control value. After IV bolus injection of 1 mg nifedipine we noticed a 64% increase of the stroke volume index and a statistically significant 56% decrease of the total peripheral resistance. These values became stable under a maintenance dose. The left ventricular stroke work index increased after IV bolus injection and subsequently, by about 7%. This increase was statistically not significant. To evaluate the myocardial contractility, the heart rate and systolic pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were measured. After greatly raised values in hypertensive emergency, these parameters showed a 27% decrease following IV bolus injection and during the subsequent intraoperative course they stabilised at standard levels. The heart rate increased by about 10%, but this was statistically not significant. In accordance with the increase in heart rate, the coronary perfusion pressure decreased by about 31% (expressed in mm Hg) (mean value) and dropped even lower in some patients. The parameters for preload, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure did not show any statistically significant changes. The authors conclude that nifedipine (Adalat) can be used with good results in treating hypertensive emergencies associated with low-output syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease during carotid endarterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Natural cellular immunity as the effector mechanism in tumor defense].

According to the immunosurveillance theory, the immune system plays an important role in the control of tumor development. Besides of specific cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells have gained recently in attention as effectors of the aforementioned function. They are lymphoid cells, and lyse tumor cells after having recognized them through a variety of membrane properties. Lymphokines can increase NK cell activity and enlarge their spectrum to previously NK-insensitive targets. Several clinical trials are being conducted at present in order to test the potential of lymphokine activated killer cells to function within this new biologic set-up.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Impaired primary, but not secondary, immune response in breast cancer patients under adjuvant chemotherapy.

The antibody response after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) was studied in patients with breast cancer. Although sex- and age-matched control persons produced high titers of anti-TBE antibodies 2 to 4 weeks after the second of two consecutive vaccinations, patients with breast cancer who were first vaccinated after the start of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) failed to do so. The lack of anti-TBE antibody production was found not only in patients under CMF chemotherapy, but also in those primarily vaccinated 6 to 12 months after the termination of CMF treatment. Patients with breast cancer who had been vaccinated either before or after the onset of disease, but before the initiation of chemotherapy, were shown to have developed significant anti-TBE antibody titers which persisted throughout the course of adjuvant treatment and could be boostered by revaccination during the course of CMF administration. The authors conclude that patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy experience a serious and prolonged defect in primary antibody production, whereas secondary immune responses remain unimpaired.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Bone marrow transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Influence of gnotobiotic measures, especially antiviral prophylaxis].

Bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings was transplanted in 14 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), including one patient in acceleration phase and one in chronic phase following 2 blast crises. Restoration of the bone-marrow occurred in all cases and Philadelphia chromosome could not be detected in any of the patients after the transplantation. Two patients died due to lung complications. Twelve patients who received antiviral prophylaxis (aciclovir per os, anti-CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin) after the transplantation are in very good condition with 140 to 790 days complete clinical and cytogenetic remission. Bone-marrow transplantation, as a curative measure for patients with CML up to the age of 45 (50), should be included in therapy schemes when an HLA-identical sibling is available.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1986

Analysis by sequential immunoprecipitations of the specificities of the monoclonal antibodies TU22,34,35,36,37,39,43,58 and YD1/63.HLK directed against human HLA class II antigens.

The monoclonal antibodies (MOABs) TU22, TU34, TU35, TU36, TU37, TU39, TU43, TU58 and YD1/63.HLK were used to identify subpopulations of class II antigens encoded by the human major histocompatibility complex. Since all MOABs reacted with B lymphocytes of HLA-DR1-8 homozygous as well as all heterozygous cells tested, they recognize monomorphic determinants, with the possible exception of TU58 and YD1/63.HLK which do not fix complement. As shown by radioactive binding assays and immunoprecipitations of labeled chains, 3 MOABs reacted strongly and 3 others weakly with isolated beta-chains, and the former also bound alpha-chains, albeit very weakly. Immunoprecipitations with the MOABs from 125I-labeled KR3598 cells (Dw5, DR5, MT2, MB3 homozygous, SB2, SB4) demonstrated that at least 4 different subpopulations of class II antigens were present in the lysate. Possibilities to reconcile these biochemical data with the reactivity of the MOABs with HLA mutant cell lines and with functional as well as tissue distribution studies are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Functional analysis of plasma fibronectin with special consideration of binding interferences.

So far, soluble fibronectin has been quantitated mostly by immunological techniques. In this investigation we show that an immunological assay provides reliable results only with intact fibronectin. Fibronectin fragments resulting from proteolysis give rise to falsely raised values. We present four functional tests based on the sandwich (ELISA) technique on microtitre plates. These quantify fibronectin on the basis of its binding capacity to collagen, heparin, fibrin and carboxy-group-modified IgG with high sensitivity, specificity and precision. Analysis of the bioactivity spectrum of intact fibronectin is not disturbed by fibronectin fragments. Furthermore we demonstrate interferences, in particular between heparin and collagen in their mutual binding to fibronectin. This provides new indications of a "substrate activation" of fibronectin.

Buffers↗