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Biomedical subjects

C M Poser

Publications and source records attributed to C M Poser.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination.

The emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome which resulted from the 1976 National Swine Influenza immunization program in the U.S.A. has obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous system also occurred. The anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approximately the same frequency. 5 instances of the very rare subacute or chronic, progressive, post-vaccinal encephalopathy are described, a situation which is identical to the subacute and chronic forms of polyradiculoneuropathy. In a number of cases, in particular the myelopathies, a subclinical involvement of peripheral nerves was demonstrated by means of electrodiagnostic studies, illustrating the often overlooked fact that central nervous system involvement will mask peripheral nerve lesions. The etiological significance of the swine influenza vaccination was overlooked and completely erroneous diagnoses were established in a surprisingly large number of the 26 new cases reported here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Psychological profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis. A preliminary investigation.

Most psychological and psychiatric studies of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have failed to take into account the varying demographic and disease-related factors that may be expected to play a role in patients' adjustment to this disease. We describe the psychological response of patients to MS as a function of age, sex, educational level, disease state, length of disease, physical disability, manual dexterity, and abstract reasoning. Several resulting response patterns are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Exacerbations, activity, and progression in multiple sclerosis.

The introduction of evoked response studies has disclosed the presence of asymptomatic lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). This also raises an important question regarding the actual date of onset of the disease and the concept of disease activity. Close study of clinical exacerbations reveals that the recurrences of previously experienced symptoms are considerably more common than the appearance of new ones, and emphasizes the major role of physiologic and psychophysiologic alterations on the clinical course of the disease. The common practice of relating disease process activity to clinical symptoms is questioned in view of the nature of exacerbations and the poor anatomical correlation between demonstrable areas of activity revealed by radionuclide and contrast-enhanced CT scans and the patient's signs and symptoms. Symptomatic progression of MS may be due, in part, to relatively minor and subtle metabolic alterations of the interior millieu affecting the function of a nervous system with increased vulnerability.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗
PubMed1980

Cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The performance of patients with multiple sclerosis on selected psychological tests was examined to ascertain the usefulness of such examinations to diagnosis. Cognitive impairment was studied in relationship to disease-related factors, physician's identification of cerebral involvement, and psychological adjustment. The results indicate that half the subjects exhibited cognitive impairment. Levels of neurologic involvement, physical impairment, and depression were not predictive of cognitive impairment. Of the subjects who were judged on neurological examination to have intact mentation, half were actually impaired. Impaired cognitive functioning, which is often not detected through routine examination, may occur early in the disease. These deficits may represent manifestations of otherwise undetectable plaques in the subcortical white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Steroid treatment for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

Short-term, high-dose steroids (prednisolone sodium succinate) were given to female Lewis rats in the chronic stage of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Abnormally low amplitude miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) persisted, and were even slightly lower than those seen in saline-treated animals with chronic EAMG. The MEPPs were also studied in normal female Lewis rats treated with short-term, high-dose steroids, and no significant change was noted when compared with normal controls. Previous investigators have reported normalization of the abnormally low amplitude MEPPs within 24 hours of high-dose steroid treatment. Our different results might be explained by our higher dose of receptor, addition of pertussis to the inoculum, and study of a different muscle. A survey of endplate ultrastructure revealed some definite postsynaptic membrane abnormalities in both steroid-treated and saline-treated rats with EAMG, but clear distinction among the groups studied was not possible by direct visualization.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Persistent retrograde memory deficit after transient global amnesia.

A 64-year-old woman suddenly had an attack of confusion and amnesia that suggested transient global amnesia. However, her loss of memory for recent events lasted more than ten days and was accompanied by psychomotor agitation and transient alteration of sexual behavior. The patient had no other neurologic signs during the episode. She recovered completely from the recent memory deficit, but was left with a persistent retrograde amnesia for a period of five to ten years and total amnesia for the acute episode. The EEG was suggestive of a left medial temporal lobe lesion.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1980

[Physical trauma and psychological stress in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

In spite of the fact tht knowledge of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis remains incomplete, no evidence supports the hypothesis that physical trauma or psychological stress plays a role in its causation. Exacerbations of MS are much more likely to represent the effects of already existing plaques than be the clinical manifestations of newly developed ones. Careful review and analysis of preceding historical events often uncovers episodes of physical trauma or significant psychological stress. The occurrence of a symptomatic exacerbation shortly after an accident, especially at work not infrequently leads to litigation. Trauma and stress must be considered precipitating factors, not causal ones. The existence of unsuspected, asymptomatic lesions has now been well documented in the living patient by means of a number of diagnostic techniques. These can then explain how psychological and psychophysiological alterations produced by trauma or psychological stress rather than by the more classical changes in body temperature or calcium concentration, may lead to the emergence of clinical symptoms. These physiologic alterations, to our knowledge, do not influence the pathological manifestations of the disease in the central nervous system. It is undeniable that an accident may induce a symptomatic exacerbation but there is nothing to suggest that even severe physical trauma leads to the formation of new plaques or causes progression of the illness.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Multiple sclerosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

A numerical scoring system for the classification of multiple sclerosis.

A simple, numerical system for the classification of multiple sclerosis into probable and definite categories is proposed. This system is based upon the analysis of the clinical symptomatology of 111 autopsy-proved cases of the disease from England, Norway and the United States. It is not designed to be used as an aid in the diagnosis and should be applied only to those cases where multiple sclerosis is suspected. It permits the incorporation of data obtained by means of evoked responses studies, psychological evaluations and other methods for confirming anamnestic information or delineating some asymptomatic lesions. The numerical system also provides a means for plotting the temporal evolution of the disease strictly in terms of the appearance of new signs and symptoms since recurrences of previously experienced symptoms cannot be scored; thus it has the advantage of not allowing so-called exacerbation due to physiological or psychological factors to falsely suggest disease progression or activity. The major use of this scoring system is to provide a reasonably reliable means of comparing epidemiologic data from different investigators by more clearly defining the probable and definite categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Parainfluenza virus type 3: isolation from CSF of a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

We report the isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from the CSF of a 19-year-old man with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although parainfluenza viruses are usually associated with respiratory tract illnesses, some strains show a neurotropism not previously appreciated. Thus, parainfluenza viruses may be responsible for a portion of cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Recurrent disseminated vasculomyelinopathy.

The monosymptomatic (recurrent infantile hemiplegia) and the polysymptomatic forms of disseminated vasculomyelinopathy that follow various infections and antigenic challenge to the nervous system were seen in two cases. These cases emphasize the importance of vasculopathy as the initial and obligatory component of the postinfectious and postimmunization neurologic syndromes as well as the clinical and pathological variability of the secondary effects on the nervous system. Recurrent infantile hemiplegia occurred in the first patient. In the second patient, after two episodes of postinfectious myelinoclastic encephalopathy, concurrent acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy and an acute Guillain-Barré syndrome following swine flu vaccination developed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗