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Biomedical subjects

C M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to C M Moore.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Glucocorticoid-resistant B-lymphoblast cell line derived from the Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

The goal of the study reported here was to develop a continuous cell line from the squirrel monkey that expresses the species-specific phenotype of impaired sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Thirty milliliters of blood from a male Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) was fractionated, and the buffy coat was obtained and incubated in the presence of B95-8 cell-conditioned medium, an abundant source of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and 2 micrograms of cyclosporin A/ml. Cell growth was detected within 8 weeks, after which the cells were cloned by use of the limiting dilution method. One clone (4D8) was characterized in detail. The chromosomal count and G-banding pattern confirmed that the cells were of Bolivian squirrel monkey origin. The B-cell origin of these cells was indicated by electron microscopic analysis and was confirmed by expression of CD20. The cells stained strongly for LMP1, a marker of latent EBV infection, and occasionally for the lytic infection marker ZEBRA (BZLF1). The responsiveness of clone 4D8 cells to glucocorticoids was determined by comparing the effects of dexamethasone on cell growth and the induction of a glucocorticoid-inducible mRNA in 4D8 cells with the effects on a human EBV-transformed B-lymphoblast cell line (HL). Dexamethasone inhibited the growth of HL cells, with IC50 of approximately 9 nM, but had no effect on the growth of 4D8 cells. The induction of FK506-binding protein FKBP51 mRNA by dexamethasone was also significantly blunted in 4D8 cells. Thus, we have developed and characterized a squirrel monkey lymphoblastic cell line derived by transformation of B-lymphocytes with EBV; the cell line has diminished growth and transcriptional responses to glucocorticoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Studies in vivo of omega-gliadins in gluten sensitivity (coeliac sprue disease).

1. Highly purified omega-gliadins from wheat were used to challenge gluten-sensitized individuals. Characteristic responses by mucosal CD3(+) and gamma delta+ lymphocytes were demonstrated. Each lymphocyte subset showed an increase within 8-12 h post-challenge, indicating a specific response by the rectal mucosa to this gliadin species.2. Available sequence data for the omega-gliadins and homologous proteins from barley and rye indicate a common repeating octapeptide motif (consensus PQQPFPQQ). The results indicate, therefore, that the octapeptide repeat, or a contained sequence such as PQQP, plays an important role in the mucosal immunopathology of gluten sensitivity.

CD3 Complex↗
PubMed1997

Basal ganglia choline levels in depression and response to fluoxetine treatment: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

We have investigated proton magnetic resonance spectra of the basal ganglia in 41 medication-free outpatients with major depression, prior to starting an 8-week standardized trial of open-label fluoxetine, and 22 matched comparison subjects. Upon completing the trial, depressed subjects were classified as treatment responders (n = 18) or nonresponders (n = 23), based on changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Depressed subjects had a lower area ratio of the choline resonance to the creatine resonance (Cho/Cr) than comparison subjects. This statistically significant difference between the depressed subjects and comparison subjects was more pronounced in the treatment responders than in the nonresponders. There were no differences in the relative volumes of gray matter or white matter in the voxel used for proton spectroscopy in depressed subjects relative to comparison subjects. These results are consistent with an alteration in the metabolism of cytosolic choline compounds in the basal ganglia of depressed subjects and, in particular, those who are responsive to fluoxetine.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cochlear pathology induced by aminoglycoside ototoxicity during postnatal maturation in cats.

Cochlear pathology resulting from neonatal administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, neomycin sulfate, was studied in young kittens at 15-24 days postnatal. Hearing thresholds showed severe to profound hearing loss in all but one animal. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that initial hair cell degeneration occurred in the extreme base (hook region) of the cochlea and sequentially progressed to the basal, middle, then the apical coil of the cochlea. The first row of outer hair cells degenerated first, followed by row 2, then row 3; the last cells to degenerate in a given region were the inner hair cells. This pattern of hair cell degeneration is similar to that seen in adults with neomycin ototoxicity. In contrast, the spiral ganglion exhibited a different pattern of degeneration with initial cell loss occurring in the middle of the cochlea, about 40-60% from the base (approximately 2.8-8 kHz). Thus, neuronal degeneration apparently is not secondary to sensory cell loss, but rather comprises an independent process in these neonatal animals. Taken together, the findings suggest that the spiral ganglion cell loss in the middle cochlear turn results from increased aminoglycoside sensitivity associated with an earlier initial onset of function in these neurons as compared to other cochlear regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Care of asthma: allergy clinic versus emergency room.

BACKGROUND: Demographic and socioeconomic factors have an impact upon the morbidity and mortality rates of asthma in inner-city pediatric populations. Many pediatric patients with asthma use the emergency room as their primary care physician, while a smaller number of children with asthma use the allergy-immunology clinic. OBJECTIVE: We examined the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of asthmatic patients using the emergency room as their primary care physician and of those attending the allergy-immunology clinic in the same inner-city hospital. We compared the morbidity and cost of care of asthmatic patients who received their medical care in the emergency room to that of those who received their care in the allergy-immunology clinic. METHODS: Fifty consecutive emergency room patients and 25 clinic patients were studied using an identical questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in the total number of individuals per household, children per family, monthly income, type or size of dwelling, financial problems purchasing medications, health insurance type, distance to the medical center, or education of the caretaker. Severity of asthma was not different in the two groups before the start of the study. The only significant demographic difference was in age: 10.6 years for the clinic group and 7.8 years for the emergency room group (P < .002). Clinically, in the year preceding the interview, the clinic group had significantly less nocturnal cough (P < .025), sleep interruption (P < .001), weekly asthma (P < .05), and emergency room visits (P < .09). The allergy clinic group had an approximate average savings of $137 per patient per year. Hospital admissions and emergency room costs were increased by a small group of three allergy clinic patients, decreasing the difference in the cost of care between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The data showed that patients who attended the emergency room and those who attended the allergy-immunology clinic were not demographically or socioeconomically different. The decreased morbidity of asthma and cost of care for the allergy clinic patients, as opposed to the emergency room patients, are likely due to the care given in the allergy-immunology clinic.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed1997

Perception without attention: evidence of grouping under conditions of inattention.

Many theories of visual perception assume that before attention is allocated within a scene, visual information is parsed according to the Gestalt principles of organization. This assumption has been challenged by experiments in which participants were unable to identify what Gestalt grouping patterns had occurred in the background of primary-task displays (A. Mack, B. Tang, R. Tuma, S. Kahn, & I. Rock, 1992). In the present study, participants reported which of 2 horizontal lines was longer. Dots in the background, if grouped, formed displays similar to the Ponzo illusion (Experiments 1 and 2) or the Müller-Lyer illusion (Experiment 3). Despite inaccurate reports of what the patterns were, participants' responses on the line-length discrimination task were clearly affected by the 2 illusions. These results suggest that Gestalt grouping does occur without attention but that the patterns thus formed may not be encoded in memory without attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Lower levels of nucleoside triphosphate in the basal ganglia of depressed subjects: a phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the concentration of beta-nucleoside triphosphate is lower in the basal ganglia of depressed subjects. METHOD: In vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectra were acquired from a 45-cm3 region surrounding the basal ganglia of 35 unmedicated depressed subjects and 18 comparison subjects. RESULTS: beta-Nucleoside triphosphate, which arises primarily from beta-ATP, was 16% lower in the depressed subjects than in the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of beta-nucleoside triphosphate is consistent with an abnormality of high-energy phosphate metabolism in the basal ganglia of subjects with major depression.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

The Clock Drawing Test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the reliability and validity of the Clock Drawing Test when used as a cognitive screening instrument for mild to moderate dementia, and to compare different scoring mechanisms. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clock drawing performance using three published scoring methods (Shulman, Sunderland and Wolf-Klein). SETTING: Hospital-based memory disorders clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 28 consecutive patients attending the memory clinic for assessment who were given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (mild or moderate) and 28 age- and sex-matched control subjects comprising 17 memory clinic attenders found to be normal and 11 community volunteers. MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity and specificity of the three clock rating scales against memory clinic diagnoses of dementia using DSM-III-R; their respective interrater reliabilities; and comparisons of each with measures of cognitive impairment (the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Blessed Orientation-Information-Memory-Concentration Test), daily performance of basic and instrumental activities (the Blessed Dementia Scale) and depression (the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). RESULTS: All methods of scoring the Clock Drawing Test correlated well with measures of cognitive impairment (r = 0.57-0.73) and daily performance (r = 0.38-0.48), were independent of mild depression and demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity and interrater reliability. While all clock scales identified mild to moderate dementia reasonably well, the Shulman method performed best. In screening for dementia, clock drawing proved superior to the MMSE: 24/28 vs 20/28 cases identified. When compared with the MMSE, clock drawing provided additional diagnostic discrimination, identifying 7/8 AD patients with MMSE scores = 24. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinic population, clock drawing, especially if scored according to the Shulman scale and combined with the MMSE, is an extremely efficient test screening measure for mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type with low false negative and false positive rates. This may have implications for screening elderly populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Short-limb dwarfism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a patient with paternal isodisomy 14: 45,XY,idic(14)(p11).

Uniparental disomy (UPD) has been shown to result in specific disorders either due to imprinting and/or homozygosity of mutant alleles. Here we present the findings in a child with paternal UPD14. Ultrasound evaluation was performed at 30 weeks of gestation because of abnormally large uterine size. Pertinent ultrasound findings included polyhydramnios, short limbs, abnormal position of hands, small thorax, and nonvisualization of the fetal stomach. Post-natally the infant was found to have a low birth weight, short birth length, contractures, short limbs, and a small thorax with upslanting ribs. Assisted ventilation and gastrostomy were required. At age 6 months, the infant required hospitalization for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which responded to Atenolol. Initial cytogenetic studies demonstrated an apparently balanced de novo Robertsonian translocation involving chromosomes 14 and a karyotype designation of 45,XY,t(14q14q). No indication of mosaicism for trisomy 14 was observed in metaphase spreads prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes or skin-derived fibroblasts. C-band and fluorescence in situ hybridization results demonstrated that the chromosome was dicentric. DNA analyses showed paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 14. Based on the cytogenetic and DNA results a final karyotype designation of 45,XY,idic(14)(p11) was assigned to this infant with paternal isodisomy of chromosome 14.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1996

A technique for detecting GABA in the human brain with PRESS localization and optimized refocusing spectral editing radiofrequency pulses.

A proton magnetic resonance spectral editing technique is presented that uses PRESS excitation to achieve spatially localized measurements of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The homonuclear difference spectroscopy technique employs a frequency selective inversion pulse to suppress the creatine resonance at 3.0 ppm. The timing of this pulse is optimized to maximize the suppression of creatine by minimizing the effect of the editing pulse on the 3.0 ppm resonances. The PRESS excitation achieves three dimensional spatial localization in a single acquisition making it less sensitive to patient motion than multiple acquisition techniques. The performance and utility of this technique were evaluated by phantom experiments and by in vivo measurements of brain GABA concentration in 10 normal subjects.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

Cooperative selection of movements: the optimal selection model.

How one selects a movement when faced with alternative ways of doing a task is a central problem in human motor control. Moving the fingertip a short distance can be achieved with any of an infinite number of combinations of knuckle, wrist, elbow, shoulder, and hip movements. The question therefore arises: how is a unique combination chosen? In our model, choice is achieved by consideration of the similarity between the task requirements and the optimal biomechanical performance of each limb segment. Two variants of the model account for the movements that are selected when subjects freely oscillate the fingertip and when they tap against an obstacle. An important feature of both is that the impulse of collision with an obstacle (as in drumming with the hand or tapping with the finger) is assumed to be controlled in part by aiming for a point beyond the surface being struck. Thus, a force-related control variable may be represented and controlled spatially.

Arm↗
PubMed1996

New concepts in the immunology of sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to review the role of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and inflammation in the abnormal adherence of sickle red blood cells to vascular endothelia in the pathogenesis of vascular complication in patients with sickle cell anemia. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database was used to review the hematologic, immunologic, and allergy literature in English with respect to the adhesion molecules involved in sickle hematopoiesis and vascular complications. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected for review were those that identified the adhesion molecules involved in reticulocyte-endothelial adhesion and the influence that cytokines, infections, and atopy have upon the expression of these molecules. RESULTS: In sickle cell disease, a constant low level of inflammation caused by abnormal adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to endothelial cells in the microvasculature produces low-level tissue ischemia. Allergic and infectious inflammations are likely to lead to increased sickle erythrocyte trapping in the microvascular endothelia which progresses to vessel obstruction, end organ ischemic damage, and dysfunction. CONCLUSION: The identification of underlying immune defects that predispose patients to infections and inflammation needs to be emphasized. Anti-inflammatory medications, anti-adhesion molecule monoclonal antibodies, and adhesion molecule binding-site analogs may have a future in the treatment of the acute vascular complications of sickle cell disease.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1995

Interstitial duplication 19p.

We report on a 9-month-old girl with an interstitial duplication of 19p, developmental delay, and multiple anomalies including bifrontal prominence, obtuse frontonasal angle, short columella, additional midline philtral pillar, midline ridge on the tongue, vertical midline ridge at the mental symphysis, and a complex congenital heart defect including severe branch pulmonary artery stenosis, secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), and several ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome 19-specific probes showed a direct duplication of bands 19p13.13 and 19p13.2.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

UV-induced melanoma. A karyotype with a single translocation is stable after allografting and metastasis.

Metastatic melanoma cell lines were derived from a lymph node of a laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica, which had been exposed to mid-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVB) initially as a suckling young, and subsequently as a shaved juvenile and adult. The melanoma cell lines were dendritic and pigmented in vitro and contained a t(6;8)(p13;q13) as the only cytogenetic abnormality. The translocation was detected in 15% of primary cultures (passage 2) from the affected lymph node and in 100% of two ring-clone-derived lines, L1 and L2. The breakpoint or resulting partial trisomy of chromosomes 8 may have played a functional role in the tumorigenesis or metastasis of the tumor. The t(6;8) served as a convenient cytogenetic marker for allogeneic grafting studies in Monodelphis. The L2 cells were allografted subcutaneously (s.c.) into genetically diverse suckling young at 3 weeks of age and resulted in the growth of invasive, pigmented, primary and metastatic lesions affecting lymph nodes, lung, and other tissues. Metastatic variant cell lines, M1 and M3, were derived from the affected lungs of two animals and both lines demonstrated the same t(6;8), without additional numerical or structural chromosomal abnormalities. The maintenance of karyotypic stability with a single translocation during in vivo tumor growth and dissemination in this new allografting model is quiet remarkable, as most human metastatic melanomas exhibit multiple structural and numerical cytogenetic abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Spiritual care of the school-age child with a chronic condition.

Chronic conditions present many challenges to the school-age child and the family that may create physical, psychosocial, and spiritual disruptions. The spiritual well-being of the child and family greatly influences coping and condition management. Therefore, spiritual assessment becomes an integral part of nursing care for these families. A case study describes the spirituality of the school-age child and the family within the context of having a chronic condition. Therapeutic play, bibliotherapy, and use of self are discussed, using the nursing process, as strategies to meet the spiritual needs of child and family.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Hormonal effects of thoracic extradural analgesia for cardiac surgery.

We have investigated the hormonal and metabolic effects of thoracic extradural analgesia with bupivacaine in addition to sufentanil 20 micrograms kg-1 in nine patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A control group received general anaesthesia alone. The catecholamine response was inhibited for 24 h after surgery in patients who had received extradural analgesia, and the cortisol response was suppressed during cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood glucose values were unchanged until 24 h after surgery in the extradural group. There were no significant differences in cardiac index between the two groups of patients, although heart rate and mean arterial pressure decreased before surgery in patients who received extradural analgesia. The benefits of this technique in terms of a reduction in postoperative morbidity remain to be determined.

Adult↗