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C M Habibullah

Publications and source records attributed to C M Habibullah.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter species DNA in human bile samples from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases.

AIM: To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) 16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) from 60 Indian subjects. METHODS: Sixty bile samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with various hepato-biliary diseases and control subjects at ERCP. PCR analysis was carried out using primers for Helicobacter genus 16S rRNA gene and H pylori (16S rRNA, ureA and cagA) genes. Gastric H pylori status was also assessed from biopsies obtained at endoscopy from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases and controls. The control group mainly consisted of subjects with gastric disorders. Sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA and cagA primers were derived from H pylori. RESULTS No Helicobacters were grown in culture from the bile samples. Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile of 96.7% and 6.6% of groups I and II respectively. Ten from group I were positive for 16S rRNA and ureA and 9 were positive for cagA gene. In contrast of the 2 from the control, 1 amplified with 16S rRNA, ureA and cagA primers used. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and cagA were 99% similar to Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSION: Helicobacters are associated with the pathogenesis of various hepato-biliary disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence study to elucidate the transmission pathways of Helicobacter pylori at oral and gastroduodenal sites of a South Indian population.

INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), much progress has been made worldwide in the field of its epidemiology. In spite of these advancements, many aspects of epidemiology still remain unclear, particularly among populations with low socio-economic status. The present study was designed to elucidate the different routes of transmission of H. pylori in the Hyderabad (South India) population and to investigate the impact of certain factors, such as age, gender, and lifestyle. METHODS: Samples used for the study included saliva and biopsy samples of 400 symptomatic subjects from Hyderabad, India. The patients were retrospectively grouped, based on histopathology of the biopsy and 16S rRNA amplification of both saliva and biopsy as H. pylori positive and negative. RESULTS: This study showed that the prevalence of H. pylori in both saliva and biopsy samples increased with age. In addition, the H. pylori infection was found more commonly in the saliva and biopsy samples among males (64 percent and 60 percent, respectively) than females (53.3 percent and 64 percent, respectively). Similarly, 71.6 percent and 73.5 percent of those who consumed municipal water acquired H. pylori (which were respectively found in their saliva and biopsy samples) compared to a lesser proportion (12.6 percent and 12.6 percent, respectively) of those who consumed boiled or filtered water. The study also found that subjects who preferred home-cooked food (57.1 percent and 57.7 percent) showed a lower prevalence of H. pylori in saliva and biopsy samples, respectively, compared to those (80 percent and 88 percent) who frequently ate out. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that besides the oral-oral route, the transmission of H. pylori also takes place through the consumption of food prepared under unhygienic conditions. Consumption of municipal tap water also has a high impact in the transmission of H. pylori.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Journey from hepatocyte transplantation to hepatic stem cells: a novel treatment strategy for liver diseases.

Acute liver failure (ALF) carries high morbidity and mortality (>80%) even in the best centres. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) is the only viable approach to the treatment of ALF. This has significantly improved the survival in these patients. The major limitations of OLTx are non availability of the donor liver, requirement of a major surgical procedure, high cost and longterm immunosuppression. Isolated hepatocyte transplantation is emerging as an appealing method for the treatment of ALF because of its technical simplicity and easy availability of cells. Transplantation of allogenic/xenogenic hepatocytes transplantation in experimentally induced ALF has shown an increased survival rate. Clinical studies in acute, chronic liver failure and metabolic disorders have also been undertaken in a few centres and have shown encouraging results. To maintain the continuous supply of cells, xenogenic source of hepatocytes (porcine, rabbit, canine) have offered a hope. A major concern regarding the use of xenogenic donors is the risk of transmission of zoonosis and immunogenicity. Recently, Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) has been shown to infect human tissue in vitro. The problem of immunogenicity of xenogenic hepatocytes can be overcome to some extent by immunoisolation, encapsulation technique, which may also provide protection to the hepatocytes during cryopreservation. The knowledge of adult hepatic stem from tissue offered a new hope for the treatment of various chronic and metabolic diseases. Further, the transdifferentiation potentiality of haematopoietic stem cells to hepatic lineage has strengthened cell therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Rapid diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients using salivary secretion: a non-invasive approach.

INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines that recommend Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment without endoscopy in selected patients underscore the importance of non-invasive testing. The accuracy of saliva as a non-invasive specimen was compared with that of invasive tests in pretreatment diagnosis of H. pylori infection. METHODS: One hundred patients undergoing gastroscopy were grouped into 80 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic subjects and were investigated for the presence of H. pylori in saliva and stomach. Samples tested comprised saliva and gastric biopsies collected from each patient. Exclusion criteria were history of peptic ulcer, bleeding ulcer, cancer or recent use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Two sets of primers homologous to 534 bp fragment of H. pylori DNA, which have been shown previously to be highly specific and sensitive, were used for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. RESULTS: 72 (90 percent) of the symptomatic group and 10 asymptomatic subjects were infected with H. pylori in the stomach as determined by histology and direct PCR amplification of biopsy DNA obtained from each subject. H. pylori DNA was identified in the saliva of 70 (87.5 percent) symptomatic subjects and 12 (60 percent) asymptomatic control subjects. CONCLUSION: High rates of detection using saliva as a specimen indicate that saliva of the infected person could serve as a reliable non-invasive alternative to detect the presence of H. pylori infection in comparison to the currently available standard diagnostic tests.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Microevolution between paired antral and paired antrum and corpus Helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from individual patients.

Sequence variations located at the signal sequence and mid-region within the vacA gene, the 3'-end of the cagA gene, the indel motifs at the 3'-end of the cag pathogenicity island and the regions upstream of the vacA and ribA genes were determined by PCR in 19 paired antral or antrum and corpus Helicobacter pylori isolates obtained at the same endoscopic session, and three antral pairs taken sequentially. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP)-PCR fingerprinting were applied to these paired clinical isolates. The FAFLP-PCR profiles generated were phylogenetically analysed. For the 22 paired isolates there were no differences within pairs at five of the genetic loci studied. However, six pairs of isolates (27%), of which four were antrum and corpus pairs, showed differences in the numbers of repeats located at the 3'-end of the cagA gene. RAPD-PCR fingerprinting showed that 16 (73%) pairs, nine of which were antrum and corpus pairs, possessed identical profiles, while six (27%) displayed distinctly different profiles, indicating mixed infections. Three of the six pairs showing differences at the 3'-end of the cagA gene yielded identical RAPD-PCR fingerprints. FAFLP-PCR fingerprinting and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 16 pairs that displayed identical RAPD-PCR profiles had highly similar, but not identical, fingerprints, demonstrating that these pairs were ancestrally related but had undergone minor genomic alterations. Two antrum and corpus pairs of isolates, within the latter group, were isolates obtained from two siblings from the same family. This analysis demonstrated that each sibling was colonized by ancestrally related strains that exhibited differences in vacA genotype characteristics.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of biochemical and cytotoxic functions of hepatocytes from goat, pig and human fetuses.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To overcome the problem of shortage of donor organs, xenotransplantation of cells offers an alternative to orthotopic transplantation. Of the higher animals, the pig is considered as a suitable donor because of the similarity in size and function of pig organs to human organs. However, successful transplantation of pig organs/cells for human therapy is limited by hyperacute rejection, improper functioning of xenografts and the risk of transmission of endogenous retroviruses to the recipient. Thus, there is a pressing need to explore an alternate mammalian source to bridge the gap between the donor and the recipient waiting for transplantation. This has warranted us to explore the application of goat hepatocytes as a treatment modality in acute liver failure. METHODS: In the present investigation, isolated goat hepatocytes were assessed for their viability, membrane integrity, synthetic and cytotoxic functions, and compared with the hepatocytes of pig and human fetuses (28-36 weeks). RESULTS: The isolated hepatocytes from goat, pig and human fetuses were comparable in their viability, membrane integrity and synthetic functions. However, the cytotoxic functions assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated a significant reduction in the viability of the pig hepatocytes (38%) as compared with the goat and human fetal hepatocytes, which retained their viability (98%) on incubation with normal human serum. CONCLUSION: These observations are significant as they suggest that goat hepatocytes probably can be explored as a source for cell therapy in the treatment of acute liver failure.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

The cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori is disrupted in the majority of patient isolates from different human populations.

The cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) is one of the major virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori. The chromosomal integrity of this island or the lack thereof is speculated to play an important role in the progress of the gastroduodenal pathology caused by H. pylori. We determined the integrity of the cag-PAI by using specific flanking and internally anchored PCR primers to know the biogeographical distribution of strains carrying fully integral cag-PAI with proinflammatory behavior in vivo. Genotypes based on eight selected loci were studied in 335 isolates obtained from eight different geographic regions. The cag-PAI appeared to be disrupted in the majority of patient isolates throughout the world. Conservation of cag-PAI was highest in Japanese isolates (57.1%). However, only 18.6% of the Peruvian and 12% of the Indian isolates carried an intact cag-PAI. The integrity of cag-PAI in European and African strains was minimal. All 10 strains from Costa Rica had rearrangements. Overall, a majority of the strains of East Asian ancestry were found to have intact cag-PAI compared to strains of other descent. We also found that the cagE and cagT genes were less often rearranged (18%) than the cagA gene (27%). We attempted to relate cag-PAI rearrangement patterns to disease outcome. Deletion frequencies of cagA, cagE, and cagT genes were higher in benign cases than in isolates from severe ulcers and gastric cancer. Conversely, the cagA promoter and the left end of the cag-PAI were frequently rearranged or deleted in isolates linked to severe pathology. Analysis of the cag-PAI genotypes with a different biogeoclimatic history will contribute to our understanding of the pathogen-host interaction in health and disease.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Geographical difference in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from Indian patients: Multicentric study.

AIM: To assess the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolates from peptic ulcer disease patients of Chandigarh, Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad and Chennai in India, and to recommend an updated anti-H. pylori treatment regimen to be used in these areas. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-nine H. pylori isolates from patients with peptic ulcer disease reporting for clinical management to the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow; Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals, Hyderabad; and hospitals in Chennai in collaboration with the Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences were analyzed for their levels of antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The Epsilometer test (E-test), a quantitative disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing method, was adopted in all the centers. The pattern of single and multiple resistance at the respective centers and at the national level were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall H. pylori resistance rate was 77.9% to metronidazole, 44.7% to clarithromycin and 32.8% to amoxycillin. Multiple resistance was seen in 112/259 isolates (43.2%) and these were two/three and four drug resistance pattern to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin observed (13.2, 32 and 2.56%, respectively). Metronidazole resistance was high in Lucknow, Chennai and Hyderabad (68, 88.2 and 100%, respectively) and moderate in Delhi (37.5%) and Chandigarh (38.2%). Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance was the least, ranging from 1.0 to 4%. CONCLUSION: In the Indian population, the prevalence of resistance of H. pylori is very high to metronidazole, moderate to clarithromycin and amoxycillin and low to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The rate of resistance was higher in southern India than in northern India. The E-test emerges as a reliable quantitative antibiotic susceptibility test. A change in antibiotic policy to provide scope for rotation of antibiotics in the treatment of H. pylori in India is a public health emergency.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed2001

Predominance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus envelope proteins in various disease statuses of hepatitis C.

The antibody profile to various proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in 113 patients positive for HCV RNA in various disease statuses of hepatitis C (HC). A single peptide (E2/NS1, aa 413-436 of HCV polyprotein) chosen from a conserved region at the C-terminus of the hypervariable region (HVR) HVR1 of HCV was found to be sufficient for reliable diagnosis of the infection, even in the acute phase. Six hundred and one suspected HC cases and 200 voluntary blood donors were tested by this peptide. The sensitivity of detection of HCV antibodies by this peptide did not increase with addition of peptides from other HCV proteins. Our results clearly demonstrate that antibodies to HCV envelope proteins occur in a higher percentage of the infected population than those to other proteins. This emphasizes the necessity of using representative sequences from HCV envelope proteins in diagnostic immunoassays of this viral infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

The effect of the anti-allergic agent avil on abnormal scar fibroblasts.

Abnormal wound healing in humans leads to the formation of hypertrophic scar and keloids. These abnormal scars accumulate excessive extracellular matrix proteins through increased synthesis as well as decreased degradation. In order to find a therapeutic control for scar formation, we investigated the effect of avil (pheniramine maleate) on fibroblasts cultured from abnormal scars in comparison to normal skin. We observed a decrease in the proliferation rate in cells from normal skin (39%), hypertrophic scar (44%), keloid (63%) and in DNA synthesis in cells from normal skin (50%), hypertrophic scar (55%) and keloid (63%) treated with 8 mM avil (72 h). The rate of decrease in collagen synthesis in normal skin (44%), hypertrophic scar (74%) and keloid fibroblast (73%) correlated with changes in DNA synthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Non-viral ex vivo hepatic gene transfer by in situ lipofection of liver and intraperitoneal transplantation of hepatocytes.

Perfusion of liver with plasmid DNA-lipofectin complexes via the portal vein results in efficient accumulation of the vector in hepatocytes. Such hepatocytes, when administered intraperitoneally into a hepatectomized rat, repopulate the liver and express the transgene efficiently. This procedure obviates the need for large-scale hepatocyte culture for ex vivo gene transfer. Further, intraperitoneal transplantation is a simple and cost-effective strategy of introducing genetically modified hepatocytes into liver. Thus, in situ lipofection of liver and intraperitoneal transfer of hepatocytes can be developed into a novel method of non-viral ex vivo gene transfer technique that has applications in the treatment of metabolic disorders of liver and hepatic gene therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of UV-B (302 nm) irradiation on isolated rat hepatocytes.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of UV-B irradiation on the functional integrity, and the metabolic and detoxifying capacity of isolated rat hepatocytes. Isolated rat hepatocytes were irradiated in various doses (400 Jm-2, 600 Jm-2, 800 Jm-2 and 1000 Jm-2). The cells were assayed for total lactate dehydrogenase, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, ornithine carbamyltransferase activity (OCT) and urea production capacity. Lactate dehydrogenase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity were significantly decreased in all four irradiated groups (P < 0.001), whereas viability, OCT and urea production capacity showed no alterations.

Animals↗