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Biomedical subjects

C M Flaitz

Publications and source records attributed to C M Flaitz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Surface morphology of sound enamel after argon laser irradiation: an in vitro scanning electron microscopic study.

Argon laser irradiation (ALI) at relatively low fluences (energy densities) enhances the caries resistance of sound enamel. The purpose of this SEM study was to compare the effects of argon laser irradiation at relatively low fluences (11.5 Joules/cm2 and 100 Joules/cm2) on enamel surface morphology. Following a fluoride-free prophylaxis, 12 extracted caries-free human molars were sectioned into tooth quarters. Tooth quarters were treated as follows: 1) Mesiobuccal-ALI at 11.5 J/J/cm2 for 10; 2) Distobuccal-Control; 3) Mesiolingual-ALI at 100 J/J/cm2 for 10; and 4) Distolingual-Control. Enamel surface morphology was compared among the two argon laser irradiation groups and matched non-treated control enamel surfaces by SEM. Argon laser treatment resulted in considerable alterations in the surface morphology compared with matched controls. Control enamel surfaces showed relatively smooth contours with occasional termination of enamel prisms at the surface. Both argon laser treatment groups had intact enamel surfaces lacking prism end markings and cratering of the enamel surface. A discontinuous granular surface permeated by numerous microporosities of < 1.0 micron in diameter was created with both argon laser treatment groups. Globular deposits of approximately 0.5 to 2 microns in maximum dimension composed the surface coatings. These deposits were admixed with areas of fine microporosities. Argon laser irradiation at relatively low fluences produces surface coatings which may act as reservoirs for mineral phases during an acidogenic attach of the enamel and may provide a certain degree of protection against a cariogenic challenge.

Argon↗
PubMed1996

Five cases of burning lips syndrome.

A recent retrospective study has suggested a new diagnostic entity called burning lips syndrome, which is distinct from burning mouth syndrome in that the burning sensation is generally limited to the lips, the labial mucosa is smooth and pale, the minor salivary glands of the lips are nonfunctional, and the syndrome presents with clinical symptoms. While burning mouth syndrome is more common in women, burning lips syndrome appears to affect men as often as it does women and typically occurs between 50 and 70 years of age. This article presents information on burning mouth syndrome as well as a prospective study of five cases used to evaluate the diagnosis of burning lips syndrome and its treatment with topical corticosteroids, which has been generally favorable.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Role of intralesional vinblastine administration in treatment of intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.

The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the effect of intralesional vinblastine administration on intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients. One hundred and forty-four KS lesions in 50 HIV-positive homosexual males (mean CD4 count 64/mm3) were treated periodically with intralesional vinblastine injection (0.1 mg/cm2) until lesion resolution or no further reduction in lesional area. The most common lesion sites were: palate 56% (hard palate 42%, soft palate 14%); gingiva 22% (maxillary 15%, mandibular 7%); and maxillary tuberosity 6%. The mean lesion area was 4.6 cm2 (range = 0.1-35 cm2). Complete resolution occurred in 74%. The mean reduction in lesional area was 93% for all lesions. Lesions with only a partial response (26%) to vinblastine had a mean reduction in the lesional area of 69%. The mean number of treatments was 2.4 (range = 1-6). The recurrence rate was 26% with a mean disease-free period of 12.9 weeks. Recurrence rates were highest for nodular (40%) and purple macular lesions with focal nodularity (36%). The most frequent complications were transient pain (72%), superficial mucosal ulceration (22%) and transient paresthesia (12%). Intralesional vinblastine administration produced complete resolution in a substantial number of intraoral KS lesions and represents a well-tolerated treatment regimen for localised control of intraoral KS lesions. Owing to a 25% recurrence rate, re-evaluation is necessary for treatment of recurrent and new Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A clinicopathologic study.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and to evaluate viral cofactors (human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus), proliferative index (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), a factor associated with invasion (cathepsin D), and mutated tumor suppressor gene and proto-oncogene products (mutated p53, c-erbB-2). Four men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with painful oral lesions of variable duration. Oral cancer risk factors included heavy tobacco use (four of four), heavy alcohol use (three of four), and previous radiotherapy (one of four). The lesions consisted of ulcers (two of four), a fungating mass (one of four), and papillary erythroplakia (one of four). Incisional biopsy specimens were obtained. High-stringency in situ hybridization was performed with DNA probes to the human papillomavirus (types 6/11; 16/18; 31/33/35) and Epstein-Barr virus: Immunocytochemical studies for the herpes simplex virus, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cathepsin D, mutated p53, and c-erbB-2 were performed. Two lesions were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, one lesion was a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and one was carcinoma in situ. Stage of disease at diagnosis was II (one of four), III (two of four), and IV (one of four). Three cases were positive for the human papillomavirus, one case was positive for Epstein-Barr virus, and three cases were positive for the herpes simplex virus. C-erbB-2 was focally positive in one case, and mutated p53 was positive in a separate case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Co-carcinogenesis and field cancerization: oral lesions offer first signs.

This article describes two cases of multifocal synchronous cell squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk patients. The initial presentation in both instances was an erythroplakic oral lesion. The importance of the team approach between the dentist and the oncologist for quality patient care is underscored.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of argon laser irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride on root caries.

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of argon laser irradiation (ArI) and topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) treatment on artificial caries formation in root surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After soft tissue debridement and fluoride-free prophylaxis, the teeth were divided into quarters and acid-resistant varnish was applied, leaving windows of sound root surface exposed. Each tooth received four separate treatments: (1) Control-mesiobuccal quarter; (2) ArI only--mesiolingual quarter; (3) ArI followed by APF- distobuccal quarter; (4) APF followed by ArI-distolingual quarter. ArI was for 10 seconds at 2W (100J/cm2) and APF treatment was for 4 minutes. After artificial lesion formation, sections were prepared and evaluated with polarized light. Mean lesion depths were determined and compared (ANOVA & DMR for a paired design). RESULTS: Mean lesion depths were: 347 +/- 41 microns--controls; 263 +/- 32 microns--ArI only; 158 +/- 21 microns--ArI followed by APF; and 149 +/- 17 microns -APF followed by ArI. Lesion depths were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the control group and each treatment group, and between ArI only group and either combined APF and ArI groups. No lesion depth difference (P > 0.05) was present between the combined APF and ArI groups. Argon laser irradiation significantly enhanced the resistance of root surfaces to demineralization. Combination of APF treatment with argon laser irradiation provided added protection against a constant artificial caries attack.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1995

Acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment and formation of caries-like lesions in enamel: effect of application time.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application time (1 and 4 minutes) on caries-like lesion formation in enamel. Following a fluoride-free prophylaxis, the specimens (10 extracted human molars) were divided into tooth quarters and assigned to treatment groups: 1) Distobuccal and Distolingual Quarters--1 minute APF; 2) Mesiobuccal and Mesiolingual Quarters--4 minute APF. Acid-resistant varnish was applied to the tooth quarters, leaving sound enamel windows exposed on buccal and lingual surfaces. Following treatment, the APF gel (Oral-B Minute Gel) was removed by air-water spray rinsing, followed by a 24-hour water rinse. Sound enamel windows protected from APF treatment by acid-resistant varnish were created adjacent to APF-treated sound enamel windows and served as paired controls. Lesions were created in APF-treated and paired control sound enamel windows with an acidified gel. After lesion formation, sections were obtained and imbibed with water for polarized light study. Body of the lesion depths were measured and compared statistically. Mean body of the lesion depths were: 186 +/- 28 microns for control lesions, 117 +/- 12 microns for APF-1min; and 111 +/- 14 microns for APF-4min. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between paired control and APF groups. No difference (p > 0.05) was found between APF-1min and APF-4min groups. APF treatment prior to lesion formation resulted in a significant reduction in lesion depth, regardless of whether a 1 or 4 minute APF treatment period was used. The 1 minute APF treatment provided the same degree of caries protection as the longer treatment period.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1995

An overview of the oral manifestations of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) is the most common malignancy in human immunodeficiency virus infection and is seen most often in homosexual men. The oral cavity is frequently involved by AIDS-KS and may represent the initial site of this malignancy in up to 60% of patients. A number of treatment modalities, including systemic and localized chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are available for AIDS-KS. The initial diagnosis of AIDS-KS requires microscopic evaluation of biopsy material because this disease can mimic a number of intraoral lesions, including atrophic candidiasis, erythroplakia, pyogenic granuloma, bacillary angiomatosis, median rhomboid glossitis, hemangioma, and lymphoma. Overall, treatment of AIDS-KS does not significantly affect the prognosis or survival of AIDS patients, however, treatment can alleviate aerodigestive and/or respiratory dysfunction, allow for adequate nutritional intake, and improve the quality of life for these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Enamel caries initiation and progression following low fluence (energy) argon laser and fluoride treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low fluence argon laser (AL) and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) treatment on caries initiation (CI) and progression (CP) in human enamel. Twenty caries-free molars were divided into tooth quarters. Tooth quarters from each specimen were assigned to one of four groups: 1) Control; 2) AL Only; 3) AL before APF; 4) APF before AL. AL was at 0.25 watts for 10 seconds (12.0 +/- 0.5 J/cm2). APF treatment was with a 1.23% gel for 4 minutes. Lesions were created in two treated, sound enamel windows per tooth quarter with an acidified gel. After CI and CP, sections were obtained and imbibed with water for polarized light study. Mean body of the lesion (BL) depths were determined and compared among groups (ANOVA & DMR). After CI, BL depths were: 189 +/- 29 micrometers for Control, 133 +/- 23 micrometers for AL only; 91 +/- 17 micrometers for AL before APF; and 83 +/- 14 micrometers for APF before AL. After CP, BL depths were: 321 +/- 43 micrometers for Control, 206 +/- 35 micrometers for AL only; 118 +/- 21 micrometers for AL before APF; and 114 +/- 19 micrometers for APF before AL. After CI and CP, argon laser irradiation alone resulted in significant reductions in lesion depth when compared with controls (p<0.05). APF treatment before or after argon laser exposure resulted in a significant reduction in lesion depth when compared with AL alone or control groups (p<0.05). Caries initiation and progression in vitro are affected to a significant extent when low fluence (energy) argon laser irradiation of sound enamel alone or in conjunction with APF treatment is done. This caries-protective effect occurs at an argon laser fluence (energy) that is capable of polymerizing visible light-cured resins.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic factors in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of major salivary glands: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) of the major salivary glands from 48 patients who received their treatment at a single institution were studied for prognostic indicators. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were performed on several clinicopathologic factors and also on flow cytometric (FCM) DNA content data of the carcinomas. Clinical prognostic factors associated with decreased survival included age > 60 years (P = 0.01), male gender (P = 0.002), symptoms at diagnosis (P = 0.03), stage of disease (P < or = 0.0001), type of surgery (P = 0.0006), and recurrence (P = 0.0001). Histopathological prognostic factors associated with decreased survival included MEC tumour grade (P = 0.0001), tumour size > 3.0 cm (P = 0.02), lymph node involvement (P = 0.0004) and positive surgical margins (P = 0.007). DNA FCM factors associated with decreased survival included aneuploid tumours (P = 0.08) and proliferative activity (S+G2M > 5%, P = 0.07). Multivariate analysis indicated that histological grade, proliferative activity, symptoms at diagnosis, clinical stage of disease and type of surgery were significant (P < or = 0.05) prognostic/survival factors in the biological assessment of this neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Multiple herpesviruses in saliva of HIV-infected individuals.

Oral infections with human herpesviruses cause increased morbidity in patients infected with HIV. In this study, multiple HHVs were often isolated from the saliva of HIV-seropositive dental patients, but their isolation rate did not differ substantially from rates reported for the general population, except for human cytomegalovirus.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The diagnosis and treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with oral manifestations only: a case report.

A case of discoid lupus erythematosus with oral manifestations only is presented. The patient complained of painful palatal ulcers that limited her dietary intake. A topical therapeutic regimen using plastic carriers containing clobetasol propionate was beneficial in significantly relieving the oral discomfort. The clinical and microscopic differential diagnoses for this mucocutaneous disease are also discussed.

Clobetasol↗
PubMed1994

Diagnosis and treatment of an oral base-metal contact lesion following negative dermatologic patch tests.

We report a confirmed case of intraoral contact mucositis secondary to nickel dental alloy hypersensitivity. The lesion resolved after removal of the offending prosthesis. The patient responded negatively to dermatologic patch tests, but a positive intraoral rechallenge confirmed the mucositis diagnosis. A nonreactive, gold alloy prosthesis was inserted for a successful result.

Dental Alloys↗