Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C M Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to C M Chapman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Articular mastocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

The number and distribution of mast cells were assessed in 116 synovial membranes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 30 control specimens. Rheumatoid synovial membranes contained a mean of 48.5 mast cells per 20 high-power fields (HPF) (range 0-252), and control synovial membranes had a mean of 3.9 mast cells per 20 HPF (range 0-13) (P less than 0.001). In a comparison of high and low mast cell subgroups in rheumatoid arthritis, counts were directly related to the intensity of clinical synovitis in the affected joint, but not to hemoglobin concentration or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Joints excised from 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were characterized by active bone remodeling with increased osteoid, active resorption by osteoclasts, and trabecular osteoporosis. Mast cells were prominent in both extraosseous pannus and intraosseous invasive tissue. The possible roles of mast cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in identification of prostatic cancer.

The peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique was used to stain for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in 12 patients with primary tumors and in 12 patients with metastases in whom the nature of the tumor was in doubt after routine histopathological studies. Nine of the primary tumors were positive for both markers and an additional 2 tumors stained for prostate specific antigen only. Six metastatic lesions stained for both markers and a seventh for prostate specific antigen alone. Thus, 11 of 12 primary tumors and 7 of 12 metastases studied were proved to be of prostatic orgin. While the peroxidase staining was sometimes weak and uneven this method, using prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase, allowed for ready identification of metastases. The heterogeneity of the tumors in regard to these 2 prostate markers is demonstrated, and the value of staining for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen is emphasized.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural localization of cellulase in Trichoderma reesei using immunocytochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry.

Two components of the cellulase complex (E.C. 3.2.1.4) of the fungus Trichoderma reesei were localized at the ultrastructural level. Immunocytochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry demonstrated that cellobiohydrolase and beta-1,4 glucanase were localized within cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and within membrane complexes of cellulose-grown hyphae. Both enzymes were also present in the culture medium. Glucose-grown control hyphae lacked enzyme-specific staining, and no enzyme activity was detected in the growth medium.

Cellulase↗
PubMed1983

Use of monoclonal antibodies for the localization of tissue isoantigens A and B in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

Employing the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, monoclonal antisera against blood group antigens A and B were used to localize the corresponding tissue isoantigens in normal ureter and transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in 29 patients. All five cases of normal ureters showed positive staining of tissue isoantigens within the transitional epithelium, and all twelve cases of noninvasive transitional cell carcinoma showed similar staining in tumor cells. Of the remaining twelve cases who had invasive tumor, eight lacked tissue isoantigens, while four cases exhibited positive staining. These results support the earlier findings that normal urothelium and noninvasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract possess ABO tissue isoantigens, while these isoantigens are most frequently absent in invasive tumors. In addition, this study also demonstrates that invasive transitional cell carcinoma of ureters and renal pelvis may continue to possess tissue isoantigens when studied by this sensitive, specific method.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

The paradox of nursing.

Most definitions, or descriptions of nursing emphasize that it is an interpersonal activity focusing on the understanding of the patient as an individual. In addition, such descriptions highlight not only the caring aspect of the role of nursing but also the health maintenance and rehabilitation aspects. The paper discusses the fact that despite these definitions, nursing is still task orientated, largely based on the medical model and hidebound by tradition. Suggestions are made of ways in which this approach may be altered. The use of the nursing process, the concept of the primary nurse and the developing of empathetic understanding being some of the ways in which individualized care may become a reality. The adherence to tradition highlights that nurses are the greatest hindrance to progress in nursing.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1982

Rat bladder isograft model for focal carcinoma.

A model for focal bladder carcinoma in rats was developed with the use of an isograft technique. Bladder tumors developed by carcinogen induction with FANFT or MNU were grafted to bladders of syngeneic rats. Ninety-six per cent (56 our of 58) of the grafts were taken and 83 per cent (34 out of 41) of the grafted tumors remained neoplastic. Most of the grafts from FANFT-induced tumor remained localized at the original site whereas many from the MNU-induced tumor spread beyond the original graft area. The model system may be useful for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents as well as for the studies of basic mechanisms of tumor growth and spreading.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical identification of prostatic acid phosphatase: correlation of tumor grade with acid phosphatase distribution.

The localization and distribution of prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates were studied by specific immunohistochemical of normal and hyperplastic prostates. In adenocarcinoma of the prostate, a correlation of the PSAP staining with the degree of differentiation and the ability of the tumor to form a gland was observed: more intense and uniform staining in well differentiated tumors and less intense and more variable stains in poorly differentiated tumors. The same correlation was also observed in tumors metastasized to lymph nodes and other organs.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

The rights and responsibilities of nurses and patients.

The demand for 'rights' in all areas of society is overwhelming. Few consider that such rights also impose duties. This is true for both nurses and patients and if not acknowledge may result in conflict. The use of a social exchange model is considered as a pattern for this type of nurse-patient interaction. The development of this model by social anthropologists and sociologists appears particularly relevant indicating not only the economic aspects of exchange but also its symbolic role.

Human Rights↗
PubMed1978

Adverse reactions to practolol: some observations on the possible relevence to immune mechanisms.

HLA antigen frequencies were determined in patients who had suffered adverse reaction to the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, practolol. No statistically significant differences were observed between these patients and control groups. The latter were selected to include two separate groups, normal random healthy population controls, and controls who had taken practolol with no apparent adverse effects. Patients suffering from the very severe form of reaction, sclerosing peritonitis, were analysed separately from those with other lesion e.g. ocular symptoms, but did not show any significant differences. Altered HLA antigen frequencies were observed for those control patients whose primary diagnosis was hypertension but this was considered to be due to selection bias.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1978

Immunofluorescent staining of histaminase (diamine oxidase) in human placenta.

An immunofluorescent procedure for the localization of histaminase in human tissue sections has been developed by using a specific antiserum against human placental histaminase. For localization of this enzyme in placental sections, fixation in equal volumes mixture of absolute ethanol and acetone provided the optimum visualization of this enzyme in both frozen sections and paraffin-embedded sections. The immunofluorescent staining of this enzyme in placenta is found to be localized in areas within the maternal decidua, both within the cytoplasm of the decidual cells and in tissue space between the cells. The chorionic villi are completely void of the immunofluorescent stain. Variations in patterns of histaminase localization have been found between term and premature placentas, with the former showing a predominantly intercellular localization and the latter a predominantly intracellular localization. The intercellular localization of this enzyme in the decidua may represent a nonspecific diffusion of the enzyme associated with delivery of the placenta or may reflex a specific functional role of the enzyme in the intercellular space during pregnancy.

Acetone↗
PubMed1977

Sophorose metabolism and cellulase induction in Trichoderma.

The cellulase inducer sophorose was rapidly catabolized to CO2 and H2O by Trichoderma: only small amounts were used to induce the synthesis of cellulase. 3H-sophorose uptake began after a lag of 1 h and its half-life in the medium was less than 5 h. Cellulase activity in the medium did not increase till 6 h after the addition of sophorose and reached a half maximum value at 14 h. The presence of free sophorose in the medium was required for continuous cellulase production. Several small sophorose addition induced much more cellulase than an equivalent single dose. These results are attributed to two pathways of sophorose utilization, a catabolic pathway that has a high capacity but low affinity for sophorose and an inductive pathway having a lower capacity but higher affinity for sophorose.

Cellulase↗
PubMed1977

Advanced nursing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗