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Biomedical subjects

C Lafaix

Publications and source records attributed to C Lafaix.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Thoracic actinomycosis. Report of 8 cases].

We report 8 cases of thoracic actinomycosis, a disease which is now uncommon owing to the widespread use of antibiotics and which is caused by anaerobic filamentous bacteria living as saprophytes in natural cavities. Recent pathogenetic data, such as propagation by continuity or blood stream, as well as bacteriological and clinical data (mediastino-pulmonary, pleural, parietal, cardiac and disseminated lesions) are reviewed. Diagnostic problems are due to the difficulties encountered in trying to isolate the saprophytic organism, and pathological examination is often required for the diagnosis. Treatment is basically medical and consists of penicillin G or A administered for prolonged periods. Nitroimidazoles are ineffective against these anaerobic bacteria.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

[Pefloxacin and cat-scratch disease].

Three patients with cat scratch diseases were treated with pefloxacin (800 mg p.d.). Three of four criteria of the diagnosis were present. The pathogen of the disease is probably an intracellular Gram negative bacilli with a deficient wall. Improvement was obtained in one case and partial response in two other cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Diffusion of fluoroquinolones in the aqueous humor and crystalline lens].

In 53 patients undergoing cataract extraction, the authors measured pefloxacin and ofloxacin penetration in aqueous humour and lens. Cataract removal was performed at varying times after either the end of one-hour infusion of pefloxacin, ofloxacin per os in one time, or pefloxacin per os during 3 days. In the two first schemes, acme concentrations in aqueous humour are 1.45 mg/l for pefloxacin, 1.14 mg/l for ofloxacin. These concentrations reach the MIC90 of most bacteria usually involved in endophthalmia. The steady state concentrations of pefloxacin are between 6 and 7 mg/l during the first 12 h: they reach the MIC of 80% of Streptococci. There is no evidence of accumulation of pefloxacin in lens; lenticular concentrations of ofloxacin are very low and rapidly decrease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Acute respiratory infections: a longitudinal study of 151 children in Burkina-Faso.

A longitudinal study of 151 children under five years of age was performed in a rural village of Burkina-Faso (West Africa). During systematic examinations by a physician during the rainy season, 44% of the children were found to be ill and 59% of these had an acute respiratory infection (ARI). During the dry season, the rates were 48% and 73% respectively. Weekly interviews by a field worker showed 6.2 attacks of ARI during the six months of the rainy season and 7.0 during the six months of the dry season. Risk factors for ARI were malnutrition assessed by arm circumference, and a high birth rank. At the 'field-dispensary', ARI accounted for 41% of the visits; lower respiratory infections (LRI) accounted for 24%, similar to the proportion of LRI among illnesses found during the systematic examination.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in the aqueous humour.

Fifteen patients awaiting cataract extraction were given a 2 g intravenous bolus injection of aztreonam. The mean aztreonam concentrations in the aqueous humour. 1, 2 and 4 h after the injection were 1.22, 1.46 and 2.22 mg/l, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Pefloxacin concentrations in human aqueous humour and lens.

In 20 patients undergoing cataract extraction, we measured pefloxacin concentrations in the eye. After a 1 h infusion of pefloxacin 400 mg iv, the mean pefloxacin concentrations 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-infusion were 0.75, 1.45, 1.04 and 0.86 mg/l, respectively. The simultaneous mean pefloxacin concentrations in the lens were 0.09, 0.20, 0.26 and 0.43 mg/l, respectively. The adequate penetration of pefloxacin into uninfected aqueous humour and lens suggests that this antibiotic may be effective in the treatment of certain bacterial endophthalmic infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Abdominal lymph node tuberculosis: diagnostic value of echography and x-ray computed tomography].

The aspects of abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were studied in 4 patients (3 African and 1 Haitian) with abdominal tuberculosis. All were markedly debilitated and three patients had protracted fever. Tuberculosis was documented in all cases by demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultures of lymph nodes taken during laparotomy and/or cultures of products of gastric aspiration. Ultrasonography showed enlarged lymph nodes in the pancreatic and peripancreatic areas and also in the mesenteric, perivascular and hepatic pedicle areas. CT showed hypertrophied lymph nodes with low tissue density ranging from 20 to 35 Hounsfield units. Although non pathognomonic, these aspects were suggestive of tuberculosis. Intravenous contrast medium administration failed to increase the density in the center of lymph nodes but disclosed the existence of a thick hyperdense rim surrounding the hypodense center of the caseous lymph nodes. Repeated ultrasound and CT examination allowed to control the efficacy of antituberculous chemotherapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Toward a rational strategy in the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmia].

18 cases of bacterial endophthalmitis are reported. From bacteriological, epidemiological, pharmacokinetic data, we can propose a management of infectious endophthalmitis based on the two following rules: systematic intraocular fluid aspiration, on emergency, for stained smears (as real bacteriological extemporaneous investigations) and cultures; initial wide spectrum antibiotherapy with a quick adaptation to gram stain and culture identification. The antibiotics are selected according to their intraocular penetration, safety and spectrum. The intraocular bactericidal concentration requires the association of systemic, peri-ocular, and intraocular antibiotherapy, before the settlement of irreversible retinal lesions. By vitrectomy, the infected vitreous may be cleared, and intraocular drugs diffuse more easily.

Adolescent↗