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C L Barrett

Publications and source records attributed to C L Barrett.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Measurement of one-bond 1H-13C, couplings in backbone-labelled proteins.

NMR dipole-dipole couplings between protein backbone nuclei (1H(alpha), 13C(alpha), 15N, 1H(N), 13C') offer enormous scope for the rapid determination of protein global folds. Here, we show that measurement of one-bond splittings in the protein backbone is facilitated by use of protein that is selectively isotopically enriched only in the backbone atoms. In particular, 1H(alpha)-13C(alpha) couplings can be measured simply and with high sensitivity by use of conventional heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) techniques.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Initial results for Hybrid SPECT--conjugate-view tumor dosimetry in 131I-anti-B1 antibody therapy of previously untreated patients with lymphoma.

UNLABELLED: A study of the use of 131I-labeled anti-B1 monoclonal antibody, proceeded by an unlabeled predose, for therapy of previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients has recently been completed at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. More than half of the patients treated were imaged intratherapy with SPECT to separate apparently large tumors, unresolved by conjugate views, into individual ones specified by CT scan. The dosimetry of these tumors is reported here. METHODS: The activity-quantification procedure used 3-dimensional CT-to-SPECT fusion so that attenuation maps could be computed from CT and that volumes of interest could be drawn on the CT slices and transferred to the SPECT images. Daily conjugate-view images after a tracer dose of labeled anti-B1 antibody followed by an unlabeled predose provided the shape of the time-activity curve for the calculation of therapy dosimetry. Reconstructed SPECT counts that were within a volume of interest were converted to activity by using a background-and-radius-adaptive conversion factor. Activities were increased for tumors less than 200 g using a recovery-coefficient factor derived from activity measurements for a set of spheres with volumes ranging from 1.6 to 200 cm3. The calculated tumor radiation absorbed dose was based, in part, on the CT volume and on the intratherapy-SPECT activity. RESULTS: The mean of the radiation dose values for 131 abdominal or pelvic tumors in 31 patients was 616 cGy with a standard deviation of +/- 50 cGy. The largest dose was 40 Gy and the smallest dose was 73 cGy. The mean volume for the tumors was 59.2 +/- 11.2 cm3. The correlation coefficient between absorbed dose and tumor volume was small (r2 = 0.007), and the slope of the least-squares fit represented a decrease of only 36.4 cGy per 100 cm3 increase in volume. This small slope may reflect a characteristic of anti-B1 antibody therapy that is important for its success. The mean absorbed dose per unit administered activity was 1.83 +/- 0.145 Gy/GBq. The largest value was 12.6 Gy/GBq, and the smallest value was 0.149 Gy/GBq. The mean dose for 9 axillary tumors in 5 patients was significantly lower than the average dose for abdominal and pelvic tumors (P = 0.01). Therefore, axillary tumors should be grouped separately in assessing dose-response relationships. Anecdotal patient results tended to verify the validity of using the shape of the conjugate-view time-activity curve for the average SPECT-intratherapy curve. However, there was also an indication that the shape varies somewhat for individual tumors with respect to time to peak. CONCLUSION: Hybrid SPECT-conjugate-view dosimetry provided radiation absorbed dose estimates for the individual patient tumors that were resolved by CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

I-131 anti-B1 therapy/tracer uptake ratio using a new procedure for fusion of tracer images to computed tomography images.

In patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being treated by I-131-radiolabeled anti-B1 monoclonal antibody, we test the hypothesis that the activity taken up in tumors during therapy is the same as that observed during tracer evaluation, except for scaling by the ratio of administered activities. Chemotherapy-relapsed patients are imaged only with planar conjugate views, whereas previously untreated patients are imaged with planar conjugate views and with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The SPECT tracer activity quantification requires computed tomography (CT) to SPECT image fusion, for which we devised a new procedure: first, the tracer SPECT images are fused to the therapy SPECT images. Then, that transformation is combined with the therapy SPECT-to-CT transformation. We also use (a) the same volumes of interest defined on CT for both tracer and therapy image sets, and (b) a SPECT counts-to-activity conversion factor that adapts to background and rotation radius. We define R as the ratio of therapy activity percentage of infused dose over tracer activity percentage of infused dose at 2-3 days after monoclonal antibody infusion. For 31 chemotherapy-relapsed patients, the R ratio for 60 solitary or composite tumors averages 0.931 +/- 0.031. The hypothesis of R being 1 is rejected with greater than 95% confidence. However, the difference from 1 is only 7.4%. The range of R is 0.43-1.55. For seven previously untreated patients, R averages 1.050 +/- 0.050 for 24 solitary tumors evaluated by SPECT. For six of these patients, R averages 0.946 +/- 0.098 for one of these solitary tumors and for five composite tumors, evaluated by conjugate views. Both results agree with the hypothesis that R is 1. The range of R for the SPECT tumors is 0.71 +/- 0.03 to 1.82 +/- 0.53, and for the conjugate view tumors, it is 0.70-1.35. Plots of R versus tumor volume yield small correlation coefficients. That from SPECT approaches a statistically significant difference from zero correlation (P = 0.06). In summary, on average, the tumor percentage of infused dose following tracer administration is predictive of therapeutic percentage of infused dose within 8%. For greater accuracy with individual tumors, however, an intratherapy evaluation is probably necessary because the range of R is large.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Hysteria (Hy) scale: scoring bodily concern and psychological denial subscales in chronic back pain patients.

Chronic back pain patients were compared to two nonpain comparison groups on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Hysteria (Hy) scores and scores on two Hy subscales: Bodily Concern and Psychological Denial. Pain subjects had significantly higher scores on the Bodily Concern Subscale and lower scores on the Psychological Denial Subscale than nonpain subjects with similar elevated Hy scores. However, pain subjects had Psychological Denial scores similar to those of subjects with normal MMPI profiles, despite significantly higher Hy scores. These findings are interpreted to support the hypothesis that, among pain patients, Hy elevations are partially accounted for by the endorsement of a disproportionate number of Bodily Concern items. Finally, within pain patients, scores on the Bodily Concern subscale were significantly related to more indices of pain duration and severity than were scores on the Psychological Denial subscale. The potential clinical utility of scoring these subscales is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Lethal outbreak of hepatitis B in a dental practice.

Between April 1, 1984, and Feb 1, 1985, nine cases of hepatitis B occurred in the patients of a dentist practicing in a rural Indiana county (population, 35,000). This was over 20 times the mean annual incidence for the county in the previous decade. All of the patients had been treated by the dentist two to five months before illness. Although the dentist had never had hepatitis symptoms, his serum was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen and negative for anti-hepatitis B core IgM antibody, indicating that he was probably a hepatitis B carrier. Two patients (22%) died of fulminant hepatitis; the case-fatality ratio was over ten times the reported US mean for hepatitis B. Using a case definition based on anti-hepatitis B core IgM antibody positivity and exposure to the dentist during a defined time period, a serosurvey of the dentist's patients identified 15 asymptomatic cases (overall attack rate, 3.2%). Infection risk was related to the amount of trauma involved in the cases' dental procedures. No cause was found for the unusual lethality of the outbreak.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serologic evidence for widespread infection with La Crosse and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in the Indiana human population.

The vast under-reporting of La Crosse virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections in Indiana residents was evident when numerous inapparent infections were detected retrospectively using serum dilution neutralization analyses of serum obtained in November 1978-April 1979 from 10,208 persons (0.2% of the state's population). An antibody prevalence rate of 3.6% to St. Louis encephalitis virus was detected in the sample population as a whole, with rates as high as 13.2% for residents of individual counties. The estimated average annual rate of infection for the whole population was 0.32%. The antibody prevalence to La Crosse virus in the sample population as a whole was 2.3%, with rates ranging up to 12.5% for residents of individual counties. The estimated average annual rate of infection for the whole population was 0.29%. The epidemiologic behavior of the two viruses was quite different. Age-specific antibody prevalence for St. Louis encephalitis virus indicated a pattern of endemic infection existed in the population as a whole; antibody prevalence rose as the population aged. However, many other infections apparently occurred during the 1975 and earlier epidemics. Age-specific antibody prevalence for La Crosse virus indicated a typical pattern of endemic infection was present. The antibody prevalence to La Crosse virus was best described by the Poisson distribution and that of St. Louis encephalitis virus by the negative binomial distribution. These data support the hypothesis that St. Louis encephalitis virus primarily produces intermittent epidemics in the Midwest while La Crosse virus produces continuous seasonal endemic infections. However, evidence suggestive of a low level of interepidemic St. Louis encephalitis virus infection in the population was also obtained. Computer-drawn synagraphic mapping view "maps" of regional antibody prevalence rates demonstrated the existence of distinct foci of infection for each virus in the human population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a 20-month study of the effects of stressful life events and haloperidol on symptom frequency.

The frequency of tics in a 10-year-old boy suffering from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome was investigated in the laboratory and at home using counts of tics made by the parents. The study spanned 20 months during which time the patient was treated with haloperidol. Parents' counts were reliable and valid. Stressful life events overcame positive medication effects, and symptom level varied markedly with the activities in which the child engaged. Such situational variability may explain the previously reported waxing and waning of symptoms. Findings also suggested that specific counseling be given when haloperidol is prescribed in order to prepare parents and patients for any apparent worsening of the disorder that may actually be due to the presence of stressful life events.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

Roles of the early genes of bacteriophage T7 in shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis.

Through the use of phage mutants in which various combinations of the early genes are active, and in which late gene expression is blocked, we have examined the roles of each of the five early gene products of bacteriophage T7 in regulating the synthesis of host RNA and proteins. At least two independent transcriptional controls operate during bacteriophage T7 development. The product of gene 0.7, acting alone, leads to a rapid (by 5 min) shutoff of host transcription. In the absence of gene 0.7 function, and in the absence of the phage-specified RNA polymerase, a delayed shutoff of host-dependent transcription begins at approximately 15 min after infection. This secondary control element requires either a functional gene 0.3 or gene 1.1. In the absence of any early gene products, host shutoff is not observed until much later in infection (>30 min). The delayed manner in which the products of genes 0.3 and 1.1 exert their effect suggests that their mode of action is indirect. Under conditions in which the late genes are transcribed (inefficiently) by the host RNA polymerase, gene 1.1 is observed to stimulate the synthesis of lysozyme (the product of a late phage gene). In contrast, when the late genes are transcribed by the phage-specified RNA polymerase (the product of gene 1), the kinetics of synthesis of the phage RNA polymerase itself, and of lysozyme, are not affected by the deletion of genes 0.3, 0.7, 1.1, and 1.3. We conclude that under these conditions, the products of these genes are required neither for regulation of expression of the late genes nor for the shutoff of early phage gene expression.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Superinfection exclusion by bacteriophage T7.

Only two of the early genes of bacteriophage T7 were found to play a significant role in exclusion of superinfecting bacteriophage T3 particles; genes 0.3 and 1. Protein synthesis by the preinfecting phage particle was not required for efficient exclusion. These findings are discussed with regard to the known functions of these genes during T7 development.

Antibiosis↗