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Biomedical subjects

C K Hayden

Publications and source records attributed to C K Hayden.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the renal parenchyma in infancy and childhood.

The authors evaluated 46 patients several hours to 10 years of age and found that in neonates and young infants, the renal cortex is normally as echogenic as the hepatic parenchyma. Within 2 to 3 months, the renal cortex becomes progressively less echogenic than the liver; however, in patients with renal parenchymal disease, cortical echogenicity increases. Sonography is very sensitive to this condition, especially in older children; however, the overall findings are nonspecific. The authors conclude that ultrasound is helpful in screening for renal parenchymal abnormalities in the pediatric patient, since (a) it is very sensitive in the detection of parenchymal disease, particularly in the neonatal period, and (b) older patients demonstrate a direct correlation between parenchymal abnormality and increased cortical echogenicity; this is not possible in the neonate because the renal cortex is normally as echogenic as the liver. However, ultrasound is relatively nonspecific except for renal cystic disease.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Significance of intraarticular fluid without visible fracture in children.

The radiographs and clinical records of 128 patients with joint trauma and radiographic evidence of intraarticular fluid but no visible fracture were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: 63 with follow-up films and 65 with no follow-up films. Clinically, the latter group had less serious injuries and generally were instructed not to return unless symptoms worsened abruptly or if pain persisted for longer than 1 week. The group with follow-up films consisted of those patients with more serious injuries, and mandatory repeat radiographs were obtained 10-14 days after initial injury. Findings suggest that if a fracture was not seen on the first study, chances of its being present and missed in the ankle and elbow were small (7% and 15%) but were high (67%) in the wrist.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic features of hepatic amebiasis in childhood.

We report the ultrasonographic features of hepatic amebiasis in six children. The spectrum of change ranges from a typical abscess to early "hepatitis." Ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality in patients suspected of having this disease and is excellent in localizing disease. This is important in terms of abscess drainage and in recognizing complications such as diaphragmatic perforation and empyema.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

A prospective evaluation of intestinal stenosis following necrotizing enterocolitis.

In a retrospective study, we noted a 25% incidence of colonic stenosis following medical management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). From March, 1980 to March, 1982, we performed routine contrast enemas to prospectively identify the incidence of colonic stenosis following medical management for NEC. Three to four weeks following recovery from the acute phase of NEC 28 infants were prospectively evaluated by contrast enema for post-NEC stenosis. Ten of the 28 infants had one or more sites of colonic stenosis (36%). Four infants were symptomatic when the contrast enema was performed and underwent colonic resection. Three of the six asymptomatic infants developed symptoms requiring surgery within 33 days following hospital discharge. Therefore, seven of the ten infants with post-NEC stenosis required segmental colectomy. Three patients with colonic stenosis have remained asymptomatic and are being followed on an outpatient basis. The weight gain in these three infants has been steady and has paralleled a normal growth curve. The data from this study demonstrate that: (1) the incidence of post-NEC colonic stenosis is 36%; (2) patients with colonic stenosis initially may not have symptoms but may become symptomatic after hospital discharge; (3) the sites of stenosis frequently are located in the left colon; and (4) normal weight gain can occur despite the presence of colonic stenosis. Because of the above findings, we recommend routine contrast enemas in all patients with NEC who have had successful medical management.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Fetus-in-fetu.

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Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Short segment pyloric narrowing. Pylorospasm or pyloric stenosis?

Short segment narrowing of the pyloric canal is a common finding in infants with chronic vomiting, and most often is due to pylorospasm. In such cases, it is transient, and offers no real problem in diagnosis. On the other hand, when it persists, a question arises as to whether it is due to fixed stenosis. Differentiation of the two conditions is difficult, but important, for while spasm can be treated medically, true stenosis requires surgical intervention. Just how to accomplish this differentiation is the subject of this report, and for the most part, centers around the infant's response to a therapeutic trial of antispasmodics. Patients with pylorospasm respond favorably, while those with fixed stenosis do not. Generally, these latter patients require pyloromyotomy, but in the occasional infant, so little muscle hypertrophy is present that we have found pyloroplasty to be the preferred procedure.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Mega-aeroesophagus in children: a sign of gastroesophageal reflux.

Mega-aeroesophagus or massive pneumoesophagus, visible on plain chest radiographs of children, almost invariably is associated with gastroesophageal reflux. The finding is especially common in children with cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation. Occasionally, it is seen on a transient basis in severely ill or moribund patients, but even in these cases, it is usually due to gastroesophageal reflux. Only rarely is mega-aeroesophagus seen with other problems such as distal esophageal obstruction or acute lye burns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal opaque right lung: delayed fluid resorption.

Eight newborn infants with opaque right lungs were examined. Clinically, the main problem associated with the opaque right lung is mild respiratory distress, and radiographically, the findings consist of (a) a totally opaque right lung, (b) a semiopaque right lung or (c) an opaque right lobe only. These findings are usually interpreted as representing pneumonia, empyema, or hydrochylothorax, but the fact that they clear within 24 to 48 hours indicates that none of of these diseases is the cause. It is thought that neonatal opaque right lung results from the transient retention of normal fetal fluid in the right lung.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1980

Intestinal stenosis following successful medical management of necrotizing enterocolitis.

In the past decade, increased clinical awareness and better medical and surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has resulted in improved survival. With an increase in the number of infants surviving the acute stages of NEC the sequelae, including intestinal stenosis, have become more apparent. In the past 5.5 yr, 62 patients with NEC have been treated at our institution. Of the 28 survivors of medical management for NEC seven patients developed intestinal stenosis. An average of 23 days elapsed between the recovery from NEC and the diagnosis of colonic stenosis. Only three patients manifested symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Two patients had blood in their stools and two patients were asymptomatic. Five infants were managed by primary or staged resection of the intestinal stenosis. The remaining two patients were treated nonoperatively. Our data suggests a high incidence of intestinal stenosis (25%) following medical management of NEC. There is a marked preference for the stenosis to occur on the left side of the colon. Colon stenoses can exist without symptoms and radiographically proven areas of stenosis can resolve. We recommend that all infants following medical management of NEC have a barium enema prior to hospital discharge. In selected cases asymptomatic patients with colonic stenosis may not require operative intervention.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1980

Paraarticular soft-tissue changes in infections and trauma of the lower extremity in children.

Evaluation of the paraarticular soft tissues is of primary importance in diagnosing acute joint problems of the lower extremity in children. With trauma, soft-tissue changes can alert the radiologist to an underlying bony injury; while with acute infection or inflammation, they enable identification and differentiation of the early stages of septic arthritis from osteomyelitis. Some soft-tissue changes have been described; others are presented for the first time. Becaiuse the findings differ from joint to joint, each joint is discussed separately.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1980

Atypical muscle hypertrophy in pyloric stenosis.

Four types of atypical hypertrophy in pyloric stenosis in 17 infants are described. In all instances, the antropyloric deformity differs from that in the classic case, and usually delays early diagnosis. However, it is important that these forms of muscle hypertrophy be appreciated, for just as in the classic case, pyloromyotomy is curative. The radiologist is in the best position to make the diagnosis providing he is aware of the four atypical configurations we have encountered: (1) persistent lesser curve mass or identation; (2) funnel-shaped antrum; (3) spiculated antrum; and (4) pyloric niche/diamond sign.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Appendicitis with perforation: the dilated transverse colon sign.

The dilated transverse colon sign in acute appendicitis has not been described previously. However, it was noted in 10 of 82 patients with acute appendicitis, and in all 10 cases, perforation had occurred. Since this sign was not seen in nonperforated appendicitis, it is believed to be one of the earliest, if not the earliest, radiographic signs of perforation. It is believed to result from a combination of paralytic ileus of the transverse colon and spasm of the ascending colon, and once appreciated, becomes a valuable asset in the plain film assessment of appendicitis.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1979

The Dens-Arch synchondrosis versus the Hangman's fracture.

The synchondrosis between the dens and arch of C2 is a normal structure in infants and children. It is not visible on lateral views of the cervical spine, but is routinely visible on oblique views. In such cases it has a distinct tendency to mimic a C2-arch fracture. The varying appearance of this synchondrosis and its differentiation from a true fracture of C2 are the subjects of this report.

Arthrography↗