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Biomedical subjects

C J Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C J Williams.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cancer trials.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics and amounts of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sheep affected by osteodystrophy.

Amounts of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in plasma were measured in two groups (A and B) of lambs (Experiment 1) and in two groups (C and D) of wethers (Experiment 2). Groups A (eight lambs) and C (nine wethers) consisted of animals born and raised in total confinement; these animals exhibited an osteodystrophic condition. Groups B (four lambs) and D (10 wethers) consisted of healthy animals born and raised in a conventional barn with free access to an open barn yard (i.e. exposure to sunshine). The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in plasma of both groups of sick animals, Group A (12.9 ng/ml) and Group C (18.0 ng/ml), were lower than the amounts of the two corresponding groups of healthy animals. Group B (29.2 ng/ml and Group D (32.5 ng/ml). Pharmacokinetic analysis of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in affected lambs following intramuscular injection of 1,000,000 IU vitamin D3 indicated that transport of vitamin D3 from the site of injection to the liver and its metabolism to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were rapid. Peak 25-hydroxycholecalciferol occurred at .6 wk, and half-life was 3.1 wk.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of Mn-deficit feeding to ewes on certain amino acids and sugars in cartilage of their newborn lambs.

The distribution of amino acid, amino sugar, and uronic acid in the epiphyseal cartilage of newborn lambs were examined to determine the influence of manganese (Mn) deficiency. Throughout the gestational period, one group (group I) of eight pregnant ewes was given a ration containing 60 mg of Mn/kg of feed and a second group (group II) of eight ewes was given a ration containing 5 mg of Mn/kg of feed. The neonatal lambs were killed, and the epiphyseal plates from various bones in the thoracic limb were removed and analyzed for glucosamine, galactosamine, uronic acid, and 17 amino acids. Concentrations of uronic acid and of the sulphur amino acids (methionine not significant, P greater than 0.05) were larger in the cartilage from the lambs born of group I ewes (60 mg of Mn/kg of ration) than in the cartilage from those of the Group II ewes (Mn deficiency). A tendency for higher hexosamine values was observed in the organic matrix of the group I lambs than of the group II lambs. However, concentrations of serine, histidine, and lysine were higher in the cartilage from group II lambs (Mn deficiency). Thus, the role of Mn in the prevention of joint abnormalities may be its influence on the mucopolysaccharide and protein composition of the epiphyseal plate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Fate of labeled choline administered intraruminally to pregnant ewes given manganese-deficient or -supplemented rations.

Tissue samples were taken from pregnant ewes and their 3-month fetuses 96 hours after intraruminal dosing of the ewes with tritiated choline. Starting 5 months before mating, one group of ewes had been given a manganese (Mn)-deficient ration and a second group had been given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The results indicate that Mn depletion decreased the overall uptake of choline; the radioactivity of all tissues from the Mn-depleted group was lower than the radioactivity of the corresponding tissues from the group given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The radioactivity of fetal tissues was also lower in the Mn-deficient group than it was in the Mn-supplemented group. Lower radioactivity concentrations were also observed in the whole plasma (sampled at various times after radioisotope dosing) and its lipid extract of Mn-depleted ewes than in the plasma and its lipid extract of Mn-supplemented ewes. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of hepatic phosphatidyl choline between the two groups. However, the proportions of linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids were lower in fetal hepatic phosphatidyl choline than in maternal hepatic phosphatidyl choline.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Amino acid and glycosaminoglycan composition of epiphyseal cartilage of neonate and osteoporotic lambs.

The epiphyseal plates of neonate and healthy or osteoporotic 60-day-old lambs were analyzed chemically. Uronic acid was higher in 60-day-old healthy lamb than in neonates but galactosamine was higher in neonates than in 60-day-old healthy lambs. Fourteen of the 17 amino acids identified in the epiphyseal cartilage were higher or had a tendency to be higher in 60-day-old healthy lambs than in neonates. Lower levels of uronic acid were noted in 60-day-old osteoportic lambs than in healthy lambs of the same age.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Management of trials in the development of cancer chemotherapy.

Potential anti-cancer agents have classically undergone clinical assessment in Phase I, II and III trials. This paper examines the role of these trials and pre-clinical studies in the light of improving cancer chemotherapy. Many patients must now be treated with standard therapy before investigational drugs can be ethically used. The introduction of combined modality trials will require a very prolonged follow-up to demonstrate improved survival and recognize late onset of chronic toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of environmental factors and fetal and maternal genotype on gestation length and birth weight of Holstein calves.

Records of gestation length and birth weight on 1522 live single births (from 1958 to 1976) of Holstein calves were from 81 sires and 552 dams. Average gestation length was 282.3 days, and average birth weight was 42.9 kg. Male calves were carried 1.7 days longer than female calves and weighed 2.9 kg more at birth. Both gestation length and birth weight increased with parity. Calves born in spring and summer were carried shorter times and weighed less than those born in fall and winter. Heritabilities of gestation length and birth weight as progeny traits were .73 and .51 and as maternal traits were .19 and .26. Genetic correlations between gestation length and birth weight were .46 as a progeny trait and .35 as a maternal trait. Genetic correlations between progeny traits and maternal traits were negative. The phenotypic correlation between gestation length and birth weight was .37, and environmental correlation was .30.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Hematologic neoplasia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease.

We studied 680 patients with Hodgkin's disease, treated at Stanford University Medical Center from July 1, 1968, through December 31, 1975, to determine the risk of development of hematologic neoplasia. Six cases of leukemia occurred in patients in clinical remission, one 7 1/2 years after diagnosis. Two additional cases occurred in patients with active Hodgkin's disease. No cases were seen in 320 patients treated with radiotherapy alone or in 30 treated with chemotherapy alone. A single case of subacute leukemia occurred in a patient treated initially with radiation therapy and colloidal gold. The actuarial probability of development of leukemia at five and seven years is 1.5 and 2.0 per cent for the entire group and 2.9 and 3.9 per cent for the 330 patients treated with combined radiation and chemotherapy. The medium survival after diagnosis is four months, with no patient living beyond six months.

Adult↗