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Biomedical subjects

C J Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C J Williams.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma: initial experience using a platinum-based combination.

Thirty-five previously untreated patients with FIGO Stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (PACe). Following four or five cycles of PACe, patients were assessed clinically for response. Twenty-one (60%) of the patients attained a clinical complete remission (CCR), seven (20%) a partial remission, and seven (20%) did not respond. The median survival of all patients was 19 months, 6.4 months for partial and nonresponders, and 26.5 months for clinical complete responders. Six patients remain relapse-free for more than two years. Patients entering into the study during the second year underwent a second-look procedure if they attained a CCR. Ten patients in CCR were assessed for second look; two refused, and eight underwent a laparotomy. Three of eight were in complete remission after second look, and a fourth patient who had microscopic disease in one ovary was rendered free of disease by surgery. Subjective toxicity was marked due to severe nausea and vomiting. Renal toxicity was not troublesome and myelosuppression was moderate. Ototoxicity and peripheral neuropathies were seen in seven patients. PACe is a highly effective induction regime but randomized studies are required to show that improved survival will result from it's use.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1982

Culatta and Seltzer content and sequence analysis of the supervisory session: question of reliability and validity.

The Culatta and Seltzer (1976) Content and Sequence Analysis of the Supervisory Session was a pioneer effort in the evolution of an observation tool for use in charting the supervisory conference in speech-language pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and practicality of data collected with this system. Supervisory conferences of three certified speech-language pathologists, each of whom supervised four students representing four experience levels, were audiotaped three times. Trained individuals coded specified segments of the conferences using the Culatta and Seltzer system. Data collected with the system was found to be unreliable. The observation system meets criteria for face validity but not content or construct validity. Criterion validity was not evaluated. The major strength of the system is practicality.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

Protective role of thiols in cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and depression of hepatic drug metabolism.

One of the serious toxicities of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is urotoxicity. In addition to causing leukopenia, high-dose cyclophosphamide caused both depression of hepatic microsomal enzyme activities and extensive urinary bladder damage, suggesting that a common biochemical mechanism may be responsible for both of these effects. Administration of 180 or 200 mg cyclophosphamide per kg to Wistar rats caused 41 to 67% decrease in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, a 21 to 54% decrease in aminopyrine demethylase activity, and a 34 to 40% decrease in cytochrome P-450 content. This dose of cyclophosphamide also caused hematuria as well as necrosis and edema in the urinary bladder. Administration of N-acetylcysteine or sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesnum) with cyclophosphamide, while not protecting against leukopenia, protected against the enzymatic inactivation and urotoxicity. The biochemical basis of these observations is discussed. The results suggest that a common metabolite of cyclophosphamide, most probably acrolein, is responsible for both of these undesirable effects of cyclophosphamide therapy. Use of combinations including cyclophosphamide and an appropriate thiol may increase the therapeutic index of this drug.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1982

Epileptic seizures associated with cisplatin administration.

Eighty-one patients with germ cell tumors or ovarian carcinoma were treated over a 4-year period with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy. Eight patients (9.8%) experienced epileptic seizures during or within 3 months of this chemotherapy. While a definite causal relationship between the seizures and cisplatin could not be established, we have rarely seen such episodes in relationship to other cytotoxic drugs. A number of possible contributing factors were apparent, including hyponatremia and pretreatment impairment of renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Trace elements status of fetuses from ewes fed a copper-deficient ration.

Tissue samples were taken from 130-day-old fetuses from ewes fed a synthetic diet low in copper (Cu), a Cu-supplemented synthetic diet, or a roughage diet adequate in Cu content. The fetal liver and kidney Cu concentrations were substantially lower when the dams were fed the Cu-deficient ration than when they were fed the Cu-supplemented ration or natural diet. Differences between dams' rations in Cu concentrations for the other 3 fetal tissues (spleen, heart, and lung) were small. Differences among groups in fetal tissue iron concentrations were not significant at the P greater than 0.05 level. Concerning zinc concentrations, there were significant interactions between dams' diets and fetal tissues, mainly attributable to differences between rations in liver, heart, and kidney zinc levels. For manganese, the difference among dams' rations and among fetal tissues were significant at the 1% level, but the interactions of ration x tissue were also significant. Heart and spleen manganese concentrations were substantially higher in the fetuses from dams given Cu-deficient diet than in fetuses from dams fed Cu-adequate diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma levels of copper, iron and zinc during the estrous cycle of the ewe.

Serum levels of copper, iron and zinc were determined throughout complete estrous cycles in 16 ewes. All ewes were normally cycling females exhibiting normal serum progesterone patterns. Copper serum levels tended to be higher during the preovulatory and ovulatory times, presumably due to the transfer of hepatic celuloplasmin as a result of the release of endogenous estrogen. Iron and zinc plasma levels were higher during estrous when the ovarian tissue requirement was higher. It is suggested that the control mechanism responsible for the variations in copper, iron and zinc plasma levels during the estrous cycle may be hormonal in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Transfer of tritium-labeled vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in ovine placenta.

Placental transmission of IV-administered label from vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in gestating ewes. Radioactivity concentrations were higher in the tissues of ewes dosed with vitamin D3 than in those dosed with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Concentrations were higher in maternal tissues than in fetal tissues. The highest radioactivity concentrations were found in kidneys, followed by concentrations in the adrenal glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Plasma creatine kinase as an indicator of degenerative myopathy in live turkeys.

1. Diagnosis for degenerative myopathy of the Musculus supracoracoideus (DMS) in the live bird was attempted from plasma creatine kinase (CK) [EC 2.7.3.2] activities in 70 female turkeys. The blood of each bird was sampled 18 to 20 times over an age span of 16 to 79 weeks. 2. DMS incidence was 15.7%. 3. After CK values were logarithmically transformed and corrected for bleeding date, 82% of the affected birds had one CK value that deviated 3 or more standard deviations from the mean of other values for the same bird. The results indicate that plasma CK activities can be used to identify affected birds with a high degree of reliability.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fate of isotopically labeled cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sheep.

The fate of tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol administered intramuscularly is compared in two groups of sheep raised either in confinement or outdoors. The uptake of radioactivity was more rapid by the indoor than the outdoor sheep. The assessment of radioactivity in plasma and tissues of outdoor sheep dosed with either tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or with equivalent amounts of tritiated cholecalciferol revealed that plasma and tissue radioactivity were substantially higher in sheep dosed with tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol than in sheep dosed with tritiated cholecaliferol. Three days after the administration of tritiated cholecalciferol virtually all plasma radioactivity was associated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A chick assay for availability of lysine in wheat.

A chick growth assay was developed to estimate the availability of lysine in cereal grains. Amino acids were supplied in the basal assay diet by hydrolyzed-feather meal, gelatin, and crystalline amino acids. Dietary nitrogen levels were equalized for all assay diets by adjustment of glutamic acid content, and dietary energy levels were equalized by adjustment of the proportions of corn starch, corn oil, and cellulose. The assay method was tested for validity with two wheat cultivars, using dietary lysine level or lysine intake as the independent variable and weight gain or carcass nitrogen gain as the dependent variable. Taking lysine level as the independent variable did not satisfy statistical tests for validity of the assay procedure. Availability of lysine determined by the selected method of regression of weight gain on lysine intake was .79 (with 95% fiducial limits of .94 and .66) and .76 (.87 and .66) for Manitou and Pitic cultivars, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Response to five generations of selection for blood cholesterol levels in White Leghorns.

The response to five generations of selection for high and low plasma cholesterol levels was examined in two lines of Single Comb White Leghorn chickens derived from the same population. An unselected control line was also maintained. Juvenile cholesterol levels of blood plasma were measured in 24,754 birds during the experiment. Males at 9 to 10 weeks of age had higher plasma cholesterol levels than females of the same age. Estimates of the heritability of plasma cholesterol level for males and females from the sire and dam components of variance in unselected population, ranged from .19 to .30. Realized heritabilities from the selected lines were lower and ranged from .14 to .19 with no significant differences between lines or sexes. Differences between the two selected lines in the fifth generation were 37 mg% for males and 33 mg % for females. High cholesterol levels were associated with high mortality. The estimated genetic correlation between plasma cholesterol and egg production was negative. After five generations of selection for plasma cholesterol, yolk cholesterol was 108 mg % lower in the low selected line than in the controls, but there was little difference between the high selected line and controls in this trait.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antiemetics for patients treated with antitumor chemotherapy.

The clinical efficacy of antiemetic drugs was tested in cancer patients who were given a placebo and two antiemetic drugs alone and in combination according to random sequences. The method of investigation allowed assessment of the antiemetic effect and side effects of each drug or combination of drugs using a minimum number of patients. The trial design takes into account carry-over effects and biased selection and is potentially useful in the study of drug side effects. Fifteen patients received cyclizine, metoclopramide, cyclizine and metoclopramide, or placebo in a random sequence without evidence that the drugs tested were better than the placebo. A combination of Nabilone and metoclopramide was used in an unrandomized pilot study (prior to the withdrawal of Nabilone from clinical use); these patients recorded better scores for nausea and vomiting and patient acceptability than those in the randomized study. Present antiemetics remain inadequate and although cannabinol derivatives show an improved antiemetic effect, they cause moderate side effects themselves.

Adolescent↗