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Biomedical subjects

C Hill

Publications and source records attributed to C Hill.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The improvement in survival associated with combined chemotherapy in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. A historical comparison of 345 patients in the same center.

Since no randomized trial with a control group without chemotherapy is ethically possible in rhabdomyosarcoma patients in view of the first results of chemotherapy in this disease, the authors report the results of an historical comparison of 345 patients treated with or without combined chemotherapy. The results confirm the overall improvement of survival rates with combined chemotherapy. The greatest benefit from combined chemotherapy was observed in clinical Stage III and IV tumors of the head and neck (with the exception of orbital tumors) and of the genitourinary tract. The efficacy of combined chemotherapy is uncertain for other clinical stages and for limb tumors.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in breast cancer tumors with macroscopic diameter of 20 millimeters or less. The experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy.

A clinical trial was conducted at the Institut Gustave Roussy between October 1972 and December 1980 to compare mastectomy with local excision plus Cobalt-irradiation, in patients with breast cancer tumors of 20 mm in diameter or less at macroscopic examination. Low-axillary dissection and extemporaneous histologic examination were carried out for all patients. If one or more positive nodes were found, complete axillary dissection was performed. The study included 179 patients. No significant difference was detected in either overall or relapse-free survival between the two groups, although the conservatively treated group showed slightly better results. The results of conservative treatment were esthetically satisfactory in 92% of the cases. The trial included a second randomization for the patients with positive axillary nodes to assess the value of nodal area irradiation; 72 patients were studied in this part of the trial. No significant differences were found between the two groups after adjustment for the number of positive axillary nodes, although the no-nodal irradiation group showed better results and less complications than the nodal irradiation group.

Axilla↗
PubMed1984

Nutrition counseling in private practice: attitudes and activities of family physicians.

A community approach to cardiovascular disease control is advocated for the United States because of the high disease incidence and prevalence relative to other countries. The goal of this approach is to change nutrition behavior of all members of the community. As part of a program to identify barriers to physician participation, a survey of a random sample of family practice clinical faculty in a midwestern state was made to determine (a) if physicians agree that it is appropriate to give nutritional advice to a patient who came to the clinic for another reason, (b) the proportion of patients given nutritional advice, and (c) the barriers to giving nutritional advice. Most physicians report that giving nutritional advice to patients visiting them for other reasons is considered appropriate, but almost half the physicians give advice about dietary fat, dietary sodium, or dietary fiber to fewer than 20% of their patients. Only about 10% of physicians give advice to more than 80% of their patients. Absence of elevated risk factor levels or nutritional disease is the most common reason for not giving advice. Perceived lack of patient interest and expectation of patient nonadherence are also barriers. Unpalatability of the diet is occasionally a barrier. Cost of the diet is not a consideration. From these data it is concluded that family physicians consider it appropriate to give nutritional advice to patients who are not necessarily seeking it, but the perception that patients do not need or want, and would not follow, the advice inhibits physicians from delivering nutrition messages in private practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Alcoholic beverage consumption and breast cancer in a French case-control study.

An association between regular consumption of alcohol with meals and breast cancer was found in a French case-control study of 1,010 women with breast cancer and 1,950 women with nonmalignant diseases; the relative risk of breast cancer for women drinking alcoholic beverages with meals compared with nondrinkers was 1.47 (p = 10(-4) allowing for classical risk factors. Detailed information on alcohol consumption was obtained from 500 cases and 945 controls; the risks of breast cancer were greater for women drinking beer and for women drinking wine than for nondrinkers, and the risk increased with the amount of beer, of wine and of total alcohol consumption in grams of pure alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1984

Iopromide. A new non-ionic contrast medium.

The new non-ionic contrast agent, iopromide (Schering) is comparable in osmolality and viscosity to the other recently developed low osmolality media, ionic and non-ionic. Its chemotoxicity, as assessed by protein binding, enzyme inhibition and effects on the coagulation cascade is significantly less than that of the conventional media and very similar to that of another established new non-ionic agent, iopamidol (Niopam, Bracco/Merck).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Short and long term effects of radioiodine treatment on the iodine content of the thyroid gland.

Thyroid iodine content (TIC) was measured in nine patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease for 5-26 months after treatment with 131I (100-125 muCi/g tissue). In all patients, TIC decreased; in eight patients it became undetectable within 5 +/- 3 (SD) months. This fall was parallel to those of serum T3 and T4 levels and was not prevented by the administration of large doses of stable iodine. In four patients, this decrease was irreversible and they became clinically hypothyroid. In the five other patients, it was partly reversible: the secondary increase of TIC was parallel to those of serum T3 and T4 and to a decrease in TSH levels. These data suggest that during the months after 131I treatment, determination of TIC may help to distinguish transient from irreversible hypothyroidism. The late effects of 131I were studied in 38 patients who had been treated for hyperthyroid Graves' disease from 1.5-22 yr previously. The 16 patients who, at the time of examination, were euthyroid with normal serum TSH levels (less than 8 microU/ml) had a TIC [3.2 +/- 3 (SD) mg] significantly lower than that of 10 euthyroid patients previously treated only with antithyroid drug therapy (16.7 +/- 8.2 mg). A significant negative correlation was found between log basal TSH and log TIC (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) and a positive correlation between log T4 and log TIC (r = 0.56, P less than 0.002). The T3/T4 ratio in patients with undetectable TIC (19.9 +/- 7.9) was higher than that of the other patients (14.6 +/- 3.2) (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). This hormonal profile was not modified by iodide supplementation, which increased TIC only transiently. The turnover of thyroid iodine was accelerated, which appeared to be the consequence of a small thyroid functional mass and of hyperstimulation by TSH.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of a cohort mortality with the mortality of a reference population. Principle, necessary number of expected deaths and the given power of the test].

This note derives the power of the test comparing the mortality of a cohort to the mortality of a reference population. The principle of the comparison is recalled i.e. computation of the standardised mortality radio (SMR) and test of the null hypothesis: SMR = 1. It is shown how one can compute the power of the test. A numerical example is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Radical mastectomy versus radical mastectomy plus internal mammary dissection. Ten year results of an international cooperative trial in breast cancer.

A multicentric randomized trial evaluated the interest of internal mammary dissection on operable breast cancer patients. One thousand four hundred and fifty-three patients were included in the study and were followed for ten years. There is no difference in survival or in relapse-free survival between the two groups. There were significantly more local recurrences in the group without internal mammary dissection, but these recurrences occurred mainly on patients who developed metastases. A great difference between centers was observed in the number of nodes examined and there is therefore a difference in the prognostic value of the number of nodes invaded.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Clinical outcome after treatment of rest angina with calcium blockers: comparative experience during the initial year of therapy with diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil.

The clinical outcome after the initial year of therapy with either diltiazem (D), nifedipine (N), or verapamil (V) was examined in 45 patients with rest angina. Age, frequency of angina, duration of symptoms, and ejection fraction were similar in all three treatment groups. Coronary artery disease was present in 60% of patients (5 of 13 given D, 8 of 16 given N, and 14 of 16 given V). Coronary spasm was suspected (ST elevation with angina) or documented (angiographically) in 35 (78%) patients. Twenty-nine (64%) patients had greater than 50% decrease in angina without a coronary event (9 taking D, 11 taking N, and 9 taking V). Coronary events (sudden death, infarction, and hospitalization for unacceptable angina control or bypass surgery) occurred in 13 (29%) patients (two taking D, four taking N, and seven taking V). To achieve these responses, 20 (44%) patients required additional antianginal drugs (long-acting nitrates, beta blockers, or other calcium blockers). Four of these 20 patients were taking D, nine were taking N, and seven were taking V. Seventeen (38%) patients experienced a side effect (none taking D, 6 taking N, and 11 taking V). Although rest angina can be controlled in the majority of patients during the initial year of treatment with calcium blockers, additional therapy is often required. Furthermore, the clinical course of patients presenting with rest angina remains unpredictable, even during calcium blocker treatment. Morbid events continue to occur, related in part to the extent of coronary artery disease.

Adult↗