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Biomedical subjects

C Hess

Publications and source records attributed to C Hess.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in young alcoholics.

M-mode echo recordings of the left ventricle and left ventricular inflow Doppler velocimetry were performed in 34 male alcoholics below age 45 and in 25 nonalcoholic male controls. Groups were well matched for age, body surface area and heart rate. Systolic arterial pressure was slightly higher in alcoholics and none of the subjects studied had cardiorespiratory symptoms. Data from imaging echocardiography (M-mode echo) were comparable in both groups, and fractional shortening, reflecting left ventricular systolic performance, was identical. Left ventricular inflow Doppler velocimetry showed quite different results in alcoholics and control subjects for the early diastolic flow velocity peak (0.52 +/- 0.12 versus 0.61 +/- 0.11 m/s; p less than 0.01) and in peak flow velocities in the atrial contraction phase (0.32 +/- 0.11 versus 0.27 +/- 0.06 m/s; p less than 0.05). The lower ratio of both velocities in patients (1.88 +/- 0.95 versus 2.34 +/- 0.60 m/s; p less than 0.05) suggests that left ventricular distensibility is altered in alcoholics. In addition, isovolumetric relaxation period, reflecting an early diastolic event, was slightly but significantly prolonged in alcoholic subjects (68 +/- 14 versus 56 +/- 10 ms; p less than 0.001). It is concluded that diastolic performance is altered in young alcoholics without cardiorespiratory symptoms showing normal systolic performance, and that these alterations may be an early marker of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide release in man.

To investigate the influence of a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid on plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) and possible functional correlates, eight normal men received in random order 9 alpha-fludrocortisone acetate (9 alpha F; 0.6 mg/day), prednisone (50 mg/day), and placebo each for 9 days. Their diet contained 130 mmol sodium and 75 mmol potassium daily. The mean supine plasma irANP levels were similar on days 2, 4, and 9 of placebo treatment [25 +/- 10 (+/- SE), 27 +/- 5, and 27 +/- 6 pmol/L, respectively]. Mean plasma irANP levels were 76 +/- 42 (P less than 0.05), 89 +/- 34, and 93 +/- 29 pmol/L (P less than 0.01), respectively, on days 2, 4, and 9 during 9 alpha F administration, and 68 +/- 37 (P less than 0.05), 83 +/- 41, and 48 +/- 18 pmol/L on the same days during prednisone administration. Compared with the placebo period, sodium intake minus urinary output during 9 alpha F administration averaged +41 mmol at the time of blood sampling on day 2, +112 mmol on day 4, and +149 mmol on day 9; body weight was unchanged on day 2 and increased by 0.7 and 1.1 kg on days 4 and 9, respectively. Escape from 9 alpha F-induced renal sodium retention occurred on days 5 and 6. During prednisone administration, sodium intake minus urinary output and body weight did not change. Plasma volume and BP rose significantly during 9 alpha F (P less than 0.05) but not during prednisone administration. Plasma renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine (NE) decreased during 9 alpha F treatment (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01); during prednisone treatment, plasma aldosterone levels were lower on day 9 only. Cardiovascular pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II was enhanced during 9 alpha F but not prednisone administration, while blood pressure reactivity to NE was not significantly modified. These findings demonstrate that 9 alpha F and prednisone in high doses provoke remarkably similar increases in plasma irANP, but that the glucocorticoid-induced rise in plasma irANP is due to a mechanism other than sodium and volume retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic mediation of spontaneous alternation and fear in the developing rat.

Spontaneous alternation was examined in young rats following microinjections of anticholinergic agents into 4 hippocampal sites: anterodorsal or posteroventral dentate gyrus, hippocampus or entorhinal complex. The rate of alternation remained around 40% at 5, 10, and 15 days, increased suddenly to 80% on day 17, did not vary until day 20, regressed partly and temporarily until day 30, and returned to a near-adult level on day 40. Concomitantly with the transient regression of alternation between days 20 and 40, fear responses to environment were seen to emerge (boluses and squeaks), to reach a maximum on day 30, and to return to a low level by day 40. Injections of atropine (4, 8 micrograms) or scopolamine (4, 10 micrograms) into any of the 4 sites significantly reduced the rate of alternation from day 17 on. Only the highest doses were active at 10 and 15 days. These results demonstrate that spontaneous alternation and hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms develop simultaneously and progress suddenly on postnatal day 17. Atropine and scopolamine also affected fear responses, abolishing or potentiating them according to the site of injection, showing that hippocampal cholinergic mechanisms exert complex influences on fear-induced emotional reactions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Antimalarial activity of 2-(substituted amino)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazines and N-(chlorophenyl)-N'-[4-(substituted amino)-6-(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]guanidines.

A series of 2-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazines (III) and N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-[4-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-6- (trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]guanidines (IV) were prepared from 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-chloro-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine. Compounds of type III showed modest antimalarial activity while XIa with the camoquin side chain was more potent. Analogues of type IV broadly exhibited modest antimalarial activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Plasma levels and dialysance of atrial natriuretic peptide in terminal renal failure.

Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) levels, their chromatographic profile, relationship with hemodynamic variables, and responses to hemodialysis (HD) or postural changes were investigated in HD patients. Peripheral venous supine plasma irANP averaged 167 +/- 31 (+/- SEM) pg/ml in 12 normal subjects (age 63 +/- 2 yr). In 42 HD patients (mean age 65 +/- 1 yr), plasma irANP in peripheral arterio-venous fistulae was high (447 +/- 50 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) before HD and decreased (P less than 0.001) to 164 +/- 24 pg/ml after HD. The latter reduced body weight by -2.3 +/- 0.2 kg (P less than 0.001) and blood pressure from 139/77 +/- 4/2 to 126/73 +/- 4/2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). Pre-dialysis plasma irANP in right atrium, pulmonary artery or avfistula correlated with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (N = 10, r = 0.66 to 0.73; P less than 0.05); HD-induced changes in these variables were also correlated (r = 0.80 to 0.90; P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Compared with supine values, upright posture decreased plasma irANP in 12 normal subjects and 8 HD patients (-40 and -42%, respectively, P less than 0.01). IrANP clearance from plasma averaged 24 +/- 5 ml/min across the hemodialyzer (N = 6) and 46 +/- 3 ml/min across the hemofilter (N = 4). We conclude that in terminal renal failure, circulating irANP consists largely of alpha ANP, is often elevated before HD, decreases with the change from recumbency to standing, falls after removal of excess fluid, and may depend strongly on left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

The predictive role of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing in postoperative complications.

Ten parameters, including delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing (DCH), were evaluated with regard to their predictive value in instances of postoperative septic complications. In 302 patients undergoing surgical treatment, 45 complications, including wound infection, abscess, pneumonia and sepsis, were seen postoperatively in 42 patients. When these patients were compared with 260 patients without complications, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, serum albumin, total protein, blood sedimentation rate, age and sex were found not to contribute to the prediction of postoperative complications. In DCH testing, the complication rate increased from 7.5 per cent in normergic patients to 20.6 per cent in anergic patients. With increasing length and severity of operation, the complication rate increased from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent and from 6.5 to 31.8 per cent, respectively. Only in severe, long lasting operations could DCH testing differentiate the complication risk. Normergic patients had a 8.6 per cent complication rate; hypoergic patients, 36.6 per cent, and anergic patients, 37.5 per cent. The results of DCH testing did not correlate with the complication rate in any of the other operative groups. In conclusion, the predictive value of DCH testing is clearly greater in groups of patients highly affected by the operative trauma. The results of this study show that it is important to consider both host defense mechanisms and environmental factors in the assessment of operative risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Polyneuropathy after cisplatin treatment].

Polyneuropathy developed in 7 of 87 women who had been treated with cis-platinum for ovarian carcinoma. Distal disturbances of sensitivity were clinically prominent, the emphasis being on disturbed vibratory perception and acrognosis. No relevant signs of motor dysfunction were noticed, neither clinically nor neurophysiologically. Sural biopsies taken from two women revealed a primary axonal degeneration, mostly affecting the myelinic fibres of large diameter. In 3 cases mild reversion was seen, and in 4 cases no definite reversion, of the disturbed functions - uncertain gait and clumsiness of the hands - during the follow-up period of 6 to 30 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Polyneuropathy in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: reduction of endoneurial IgM-deposits after treatment with chlorambucil and plasmapheresis.

A case of progressive polyneuropathy associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia is reported. A monoclonal IgM-lambda gradient was detected in the serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. By electro-immunoblot analysis antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein were found in the serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. The motor and sensory conduction velocities of several peripheral nerves were markedly decreased, and examination of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) revealed pathological latencies. Sural nerve biopsies before and after treatment with chlorambucil and plasmapheresis showed nerve fibre loss and demyelination. In the pre-treatment biopsy, heavy accumulations of filamentous material were found which stained positively for IgM by immuno-cytochemistry. Such accumulations had disappeared in a biopsy performed after treatment. The morphological findings were correlated with an improvement of clinical and electro-physiological findings.

Chlorambucil↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of functional chronic stooped posture using a training device and behavior therapy. A case report.

Functional posture problems and related gait problems are often difficult to manage clinically because of the difficulty of providing immediate feedback to clients during walking or standing and because of secondary personal gains provided the client for having the "disability." This article describes an inexpensive posture training device and treatment of a client with developmental disabilities and a long history of posture problems and secondary gait pattern abnormalities. Thirty-six short training sessions, coupled with a supportive daily living situation, produced marked improvements in the client's posture and gait.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Synthesis and antimalarial effects of N2-aryl-N4-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]- and N4-aryl-N2-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines.

A series of N2(and N4)-aryl-N4(and N2)-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines has been synthesized for antimalarial evaluation. Condensation of the appropriate 2,4-dichloroquinazoline (IV) with the requisite N,N-dialkylalkylenediamine afforded a series of 2-chloro-N-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-4-quinazolinamines (V) which were condensed with the appropriate arylamine to provide the corresponding N2-aryl-N4-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines (VI). Hydrolysis of 2,4-dichloroquinazoline to 2-chloro-4-quinazolinol was followed by condensation with the appropriate N,N-dialkylalkylenediamine to give an array of 2-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4-quinazolinols (IXa). Chlorination with phosphorus oxychloride and condensation with a requisite arylamine provided the N2-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-N4-phenyl-2,4-quinazolinediamines (X). Antimalarial activity was general among the N2-aryl-N4-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines (VI), while the reverse isomers were of lower activity. Phototoxic liability precluded clinical evaluation of a member of the series.

Animals↗