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Biomedical subjects

C Graves

Publications and source records attributed to C Graves.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effects of coronary artery bypass surgery on hemodynamic parameters and derived indices of myocardial function.

Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic indices were compared in 116 patients subjected to aorto-coronary bypass after an average interval of 128 days. The patients were separated into three different groups according to graft status: Group 1 (n = 77), all grafts patent; Group 2 (n = 27), one occluded graft out of two or three implanted; Group 3 (n = 12), all grafts occluded. There were no significant major changes of values so obtained in the three groups. Those subjects with initially depressed cardiac indices or elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures manifested a significant trend toward improvement when at least one bypass graft was patent. A reduction of cardiac index was noted in patients with occluded left anterior descending coronary grafts only in association with closure of other grafts. Deterioration of cardiac index or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure into the abnormal range was unusual in the study group, even when all grafts were occluded. It is concluded that data relating to the influence of aorto-coronary bypass on standard indices of left ventricular function can be properly interpreted only when certain subsets of patients are studied.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1976

Correlation of electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram with coronary occlusion and myocardial contraction abnormality.

Electrocardiograms and Frank vectorcardiograms were recorded in 156 consecutive patients with total occlusion of at least one coronary artery (on arteriography) and associated left ventricular contraction abnormality (on ventriculography). The angiograms and cardiograms were independently reviewed. In the presence of single vessel occlusion, appropriate vectorcardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction was determined in 118 of 156 cases (76 percent) compared with a lower electrocardiographic detection rate in 77 of 156 cases (49 percent). Findings diagnostic of two coexisting infarctions were observed in 71 percent of vectorcardiograms and 37 percent of electrocardiograms in 51 patients with double vessel occlusion and two areas of left ventricular dyskinesia. The vectorcardiographic detection rate was similarly superior to the electrocardiographic rate in the presence of subtotal coronary occlusion and myocardial asynergy in single (73 percent versus 53 percent) and double (53 percent versus 28 percent) vessel disease. The incidence rate of false positive diagnoses was 3 percent for electrocardiography and 4 percent for vectorcardiography. It is concluded that the vectorcardiogram is superior to the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease and left ventricular contraction abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quit Today! A targeted communications campaign to increase use of the cancer information service by African American smokers.

BACKGROUND: African Americans have traditionally made little use of the Cancer Information Service (CIS), an information and education program of the National Cancer Institute, for smoking cessation assistance. This study evaluated whether a targeted communications campaign utilizing strategically placed radio and television advertisements in combination with community outreach could lead more adult African American smokers to call the CIS for smoking cessation information and materials. METHODS: Fourteen communities, served by four CIS regional offices, were carefully matched on demographic variables and then randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Six radio advertisements targeting African American smokers to call the CIS for help in quitting smoking were developed and pretested for three different black-oriented formats. One television spot also was produced and pretested. The audio portion of the television ad was utilized as a seventh radio spot for the general programming formats. These advertisements were placed on selected radio and television stations reaching predominantly African American adult audiences. Also, copies of a videotape designed to motivate African American smokers to quit and to call the CIS for help in quitting were widely disseminated through community-based organizations in each experimental market. The aim was to increase the number and proportion of quitting-related calls to the CIS from African Americans within experimental communities. RESULTS: The call volume from African American smokers was significantly higher in the experimental communities than in the control communities (P < 0.008). The call rate from African American men was higher than typically observed. Overall, African Americans in the experimental communities reported radio more often than television as the way they heard about the CIS. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that paid targeted advertising, using radio as a primary channel, is an effective method of reaching an underserved population at risk. Future research directions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A self-help intervention for African American smokers: tailoring cancer information service counseling for a special population.

BACKGROUND: African Americans remain a critically underserved group for smoking cessation interventions. This study tested the effectiveness of a tailored, culturally sensitive intervention for African American smokers who called the NCI Cancer Information Service (CIS) for help to quit smoking. METHODS: This paper presents results of a 2-year study of tailored counseling strategies among African American smokers (n = 1,422) who called four regional CIS offices in response to a radio-based media campaign in 14 communities. Callers were randomly assigned to receive either the standard CIS quit smoking counseling and guide (Clearing the Air) or counseling and a guide (Pathways to Freedom) tailored to the quitting needs and barriers of African American smokers. Callers were predominantly female (63.6%). ages 20-49 (88%), with a high school education or more (84%). Median smoking history was 17 years; median smoking rate was 20 cigarettes/day. Standard (n = 689) and Tailored (n = 733) group subjects did not differ on most baseline measures. RESULTS: On most measures, Standard and Tailored counseling/guides received similar ratings, but the Tailored guide was rated as having more appealing photos (P = 0.001) and as being more appropriate for family members (P = 0.003). Six-month follow-up with 893 subjects (response rates were 63% Standard, 62% Tailored, ns) showed significantly more quit attempts (P = 0.002) and greater use of prequitting strategies (P < 0.05) among Tailored than among Standard subjects, but no differences in self-reported 1-week abstinence (14.4% Standard, 16.2% Tailored) (ns). An opportunistic 12-month follow-up of subjects recruited in the last year of the study (n = 445) (response rates were 57% Standard, 60% Tailored, ns) showed a significantly higher quit rate (15.4% Standard, 25.0% Tailored) for Tailored subjects (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Results show promise for tailored approaches to boost quit attempts and success rates among African American smokers.

Adult↗