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Biomedical subjects

C Graves

Publications and source records attributed to C Graves.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Human estrogen receptor beta-specific monoclonal antibodies: characterization and use in studies of estrogen receptor beta protein expression in reproductive tissues.

Investigation of the role of the second, more recently described estrogen receptor, denoted ERbeta, will be critical in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-specific gene regulation by estrogens. Expression of ERbeta in a variety of tissues has been examined predominantly at the mRNA level, and there is little information regarding the cellular localization and size of the endogenous ERbeta protein, due, in part, to the limited availability of human ERbeta-specific antibodies. Thus, our aim was to generate specific antibodies to human ERbeta and use them to determine the tissue-specific distribution and size(s) of the ERbeta protein. To this end, we have cloned three different hybridoma cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies specific for the hormone-binding domain of human ERbeta. The antibodies, made in mice against human ERbeta amino acids 256-505 (hormone binding domain lacking the F domain), are designated CFK-E12 (E12), CMK-A9 (A9) and CWK-F12 (F12) and were determined to be the IgG gamma1 isotype for E12, and IgG gamma2b for A9 and F12. All three monoclonal antibodies could be used to detect in vitro translated, baculovirus expressed, and cell transfected and expressed ERbeta protein by Western blot analyses, and all failed to detect ERalpha. A9 and F12 were able to immunoprecipitate efficiently the native form of ERbeta protein in the presence and absence of estradiol. Epitope mapping studies indicate that the E12 and F12 antibodies recognize overlapping peptide sequences in the N-terminal region of the hormone-binding domain, a region that is highly conserved among species. Immunocytochemical studies with these antibodies reveal nuclear-specific localization of the ERbeta protein in granulosa cells of the rat ovary. Nuclear ERbeta is also specifically localized in epithelial and some stromal cells of mouse and rat epididymis. Western blot analysis with protein extracts from ovarian granulosa cells of human, rat, mouse, and pig showed a ca. 52 kDa and an additional ca. 62-64 kDa band in these species. These results indicate the presence of two predominant molecular size forms of the ERbeta protein in ovarian granulosa cells and demonstrate the utility of these antibodies for detection of ERbeta in the human and in several other mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Awareness of cancer-related programs and services among rural African Americans.

African Americans are at increased risk for cancer and represent an important target population for programs such as Healthy People 2000, the Cancer Information Service (CIS), and the 5 a Day for Better Health Initiative. Yet, awareness of such programs among rural blacks is unknown. This study assessed awareness of these programs and determined related knowledge and beliefs among rural African Americans. It was undertaken as part of the baseline survey for the Black Churches United for Better Health project, a National Cancer Institute-funded initiative. A minority of respondents (n = 3737) demonstrated name recognition of Healthy People 2000 (23.4%), the CIS (42.4%), and the 5 a Day Program (40.7%). Far fewer (7.4%) were able to correctly identify the recommended daily number of servings of fruits and vegetables. Reported family history of cancer was associated with a greater tendency believe that eating more fruits and vegetables can prevent disease. These findings underscore the need for efforts to reach the rural black community with culturally sensitive and stage appropriate cancer prevention messages. Knowledge of family history of cancer may play an important role in targeting subgroups and delivering effective cancer prevention messages.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1996

Do nurses and parents of children with chronic conditions agree on parental needs?

Nurses who work in partnership with parents in pediatric settings are encouraged to base nursing intervention decisions on mutually defined priorities and goals. In this study, 38 parents and 13 nurses affiliated with 10 ambulatory programs in one children's hospital were surveyed using modified versions of the Bailey and Simeonsson (1988a) Family Needs Survey to compare their assessments of parental needs. Although nurses and parents identified many of the same needs related to information, support, and community services, there were some differences particularly in prioritization. Only nurses identified needs related to family functioning. Parents generally scored items lower than their nurses did and expressed fewer actual needs for themselves, suggesting that nurses may concentrate more on parents' deficits than on their strengths. Strengthening parents in their roles of primary care givers occurs when nurses, in collaboration with parents, accurately assess parental needs and negotiate appropriate interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Collodion baby dehydration: the danger of high transepidermal water loss.

We describe transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements in a collodion baby suffering from severe hypernatraemic dehydration and hypothermia, who required intravenous fluid therapy in a special incubator. The TEWL values 4 days after birth were abnormally high compared with normal infants of the same age. The TEWL measurements returned towards normal within the first month, in parallel with the improvement of both the skin signs and the electrolyte and fluid balance.

Dehydration↗
PubMed1993

Older callers to the Cancer Information Service.

Cancer incidence and mortality are disproportionately high in older adults, yet most public service campaigns have not been directed explicitly at this population. We analyzed Cancer Information Service (CIS) call data from the years 1983-1990 to characterize callers age 60 years and over. Of 1,091,809 calls from which the age of the caller was ascertained, 206,104 (19%) were from this age group. Most older callers learned of the CIS from the telephone book, television, and brochures or pamphlets. In addition, we examined calls specifically from 1990 to ascertain recent trends in CIS utilization. Comparisons also were made between callers 60 and older and those 40-59. Additional targeting could increase calls from older adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pheochromocytoma associated with prior carotid body tumors (chemodectomas). Detection with I-131 MIBG.

Chemodectomas (carotid body tumors) were surgically removed on two occasions, first 10 years and then 3 months prior to detection with I-131 MIBG of an adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 32-year-old man with a family history of chemodectoma. Recent reports suggest patients with multiple and/or familial instances of chemodectoma frequently have associated catecholamine-secreting tumors detectable with I-131 or I-123 MIBG. This case documents the above association and suggests that any patient with proven carotid body tumor(s) be screened for catecholamine-secreting tumors via urinary/plasma catecholamine determinations.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1991

Promoting bicycle helmets: a new focus for injury prevention.

Bicycle accidents cause many serious injuries and deaths in the United States, often as a result of head injury in riders not wearing helmets. Helmets reduce the incidence of head injury, and an aggressive safety education campaign has been shown to increase the number of children wearing helmets while riding. Such a campaign has been initiated in the Central Indiana area. The campaign is designed to educate families and to promote bicycle helmet use among children and their parents. Suggestions are given on how physicians can help educate, distribute information and encourage bicycle helmet use through their contact with families. A resource list is included so these materials can be easily obtained. Ultimately, we hope such a program will increase helmet use and consequently reduce morbidity and mortality from head injury in Indiana's children.

Bicycling↗
PubMed1987

Root surface caries subsequent to gingivectomy in rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) and Actinomyces viscosus.

We studied the effect of oral infection with cariogenic micro-organisms on alveolar bone loss and root surface caries subsequent to gingivectomy in rats. Thirty-six rats were fed diet MIT 200 (67% sucrose); one-half, the controls, had antibiotics added to the diet. At ages 18, 19, and 21 days, the experimental group was orally infected with streptomycin-resistant Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) 6715 and Actinomyces viscosus M-100. At age 30 days, all animals were subjected to a gingivectomy on maxillary and mandibular left quadrants. The experimental group was re-inoculated at age 36 days. Animals were killed seven weeks after surgery. Jaws were stained, and planimetric measurements of exposed root surface area and caries on lingual/palatal surfaces of 1st and 2nd molars were made from video images with a computer/digitizer. Compared with the non-operated contralateral quadrants, gingivectomy significantly increased exposed root surface area in the maxilla and in the mandible in both the control and experimental groups. Oral inoculation significantly increased exposed root surface in mandibular (but not maxillary) quadrants which had received a gingivectomy, but had no effect on non-gingivectomized quadrants. There was no caries in the control group, whereas ten rats in the experimental group had root surface caries lesions, all in quadrants which had received a gingivectomy. This rat model should prove useful in further studies of root surface caries.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1986

Respiratory phase locking during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized human subjects.

The coupling patterns between the rhythm of a mechanical ventilator and the rhythm of spontaneous breathing were studied in enflurane-anesthetized adult human subjects. The spontaneous breathing pattern was altered in response to different frequencies and amplitudes of forced lung inflations. A 1:1 phase locking (the frequency of the mechanical ventilator is matched by the frequency of spontaneous breathing with a fixed phase between the 2 rhythms) was observed in a range of up to +/- 40% of some of the subject's spontaneous breathing frequencies. During 1:1 phase locking, there were marked changes in the expiratory duration as measured from the electromyogram of the diaphragm. The phase relationship between onset of inflation and onset of inspiration depended on the frequency and amplitude of mechanical inflation. At ventilator settings that did not give 1:1 phase locking, other simple phase-locked patterns, such as 1:2 and 2:1, or irregular non-phase-locked patterns were observed. Reflexes arising from lung inflation, which may underlie the entrainment, are discussed in the context of these results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Quantitation of corneal endothelial potentials using a carbocyanine dye.

The carbocyanine dye, diS-C3-(5) was used to quantitate the plasma membrane potential of the bullfrog corneal endothelium. It was shown that valinomycin hyperpolarized the endothelial cell and that in the presence of the ionophore the membrane potential largely reflected the K+ equilibrium potential. Using calibration curves constructed by changing medium K+ concentration in the presence of valinomycin, and nigericin and ouabain to abolish ion gradients and electrogenic pump activity, the cell membrane potential was calculated to be 28.6 +/- 4.2 mV. The major source of this potential was a K+ diffusion potential, and the membrane Na+ conductance reduced the cell potential to less than the apparent K+ equilibrium potential of 51.5 +/- 5.1 mV. About 20% of the cell potential could be ascribed to the rheogenic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mitral valve prolapse in patients with coronary artery disease. Echocardiographic-angiographic correlation.

Echocardiography was performed in 25 consecutive patients with angina pectoris and angiographically demonstrable coronary artery disease. Left ventricular echograms detected late or pansystolic mitral valve bowing suggesting of mitral valve proplapse in 6/25 (24%). Left ventricular angiography showed prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet in 15/25 (60%), including 5 detected by echocardiography. Significant triple vessel coronary disease was present in 11 of 15 patients with prolapsed mitralvalve. In each of the latter a greater than 90 per cent obstructive lesion was noted in at least one coronary artery: right coronary artery, 9 subjects (82%); left circumflex coronary artery, 5 patients (33%); and left anterior descending coronary artery, 4 patients (27%). Of 15 subjects with angiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse, 13 had left ventricular asynergy-inferior or inferoposterior in 8 subjects (62%) and anterior or anteroapical in 5 subjects (38%). Eleven subjects had vectorcardiographic evidence of transmural myocardial infarction-inferior or inferoposterior in 9 (82%) and anteroseptal in 2 (18%). A single subject with mitral valve prolapse had mild mitral regurgitation. It is concluded that: (1) coexisting prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet and coronary artery disease is usually associated with triple vessel obstructive lesions, (2) severe right coronary disease, inferior left ventricular wall asynergy, and inferior myocardial infarction are important angiographic and vectorcardiographic correlates, and (3) echocardiography will detect such mitral valve prolapse in only one-third of affected cases.

Adult↗