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Biomedical subjects

C Gisselbrecht

Publications and source records attributed to C Gisselbrecht.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural lesions of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. A comparison with the lesions observed in graft versus host disease.

Intrahepatic bile duct destruction is a characteristic feature of primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatic graft versus host disease. Lymphocytotoxicity against antigens on the surface of biliary cells is one of the cell mediated immune mechanisms debated in the pathogenesis of persistent bile duct destruction during primary biliary cirrhosis. Immune complex injury has also been hypothesized. In graft versus host disease, damage to bile duct cells is also believed to be due to a cytotoxic reaction of the grafted lymphoid cells against the host histocompatibility antigens, and immune complex deposition is likely to occur. The aim in this comparative ultrastructural study of intrahepatic bile ducts in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and six patients with hepatic graft versus host disease was to investigate whether identical or different ultrastructural lesions were detected in both diseases. Features of conspicuous necrosis of biliary cells, including cytolysosomes, apoptosis, and basement membrane disruption, were observed in both diseases. Numerous lymphocytes established close membrane contacts with biliary cells, especially with the necrotic ones. They had cytoplasmic pseudopods, and some of them displayed a uropod or contained lysosomal vesicles. Abnormalities of the bile duct basement membrane, also observed in both diseases, included thickening or multilayering and numerous lucent areas of rarefaction often containing osmiophilic inclusions. The striking similarity of the ultrastructural lesions in both diseases provides an additional morphological argument to suggest that certain common pathogenic mechanisms might be involved in the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis as well as in hepatic graft versus host disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Current advances in cancer immunotherapy (author's therapy)].

Immunotherapy is still considered as an important therapeutic method in oncology. Experimental basis do exist which support the individualization of several distinct conditions of immunomodulation, some of them being associated with a therapeutic benefit. Numerous immunomodulation molecules or derivatives are now available for clinical investigations. However, effects of immunomodulators on the immune systems which depend on several unknown factors are actually not always fairly correlated with antitumoral treatment. The authors review here the available data obtained from recent clinical studies in man. They attempt to establish the limits of immunotherapy as well as its future possibilities.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1981

Clinical trials with diglycoaldehyde (NSC-118994): review and reasons for withdrawal from clinical trial.

All Phase II studies with diglycoaldehyde with leukemia and solid tumors have been reviewed. The dose schedules employed ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 g/m2/day for 3 to 5 days. The most common side effects have been gastrointestinal (nausea and vomiting), which occurred in 22% of the patients. Renal toxicity (rise in BUN, creatinine, and urinary proteins) was seem in 17% of the patients treated. Other infrequent toxicities include hypocalcemia (9%) and local complications such as phlebitis. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, positive Coombs' test and impairment in coagulation profile were also reported. In contrast to the hints of therapeutic efficacy described during Phase I trials, in phase II trials no activity was noted among 96 patients with solid tumors and only minimal antileukemic action among 49 other patients. These disappointing Phase II trials coupled with prominent toxicities have prompted the decision to terminate further clinical testing. This report summarizes all clinical observations as an example of circumstances which curtail clinical testing of anticancer drugs.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1980

In vitro effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites on chromosomes of Fanconi anaemia patients.

The effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites was studied on chromosomes of FAnconi anaemia patients, parents and controls. A high susceptibility of Fa patients chromosomes was observed when low concentrations of sera of a cyclophosphamide-treated patient was added to PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. No effect was observed with comparable concentrations on cells from FA parents or controls. The high susceptibility of FA cells is discussed in relation to the high sensitivity of FA patients to cyclophosphamide when used as a conditioning drug for bone marrow graft.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1980

5-Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM) combination chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

Sixty-two patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy program of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM). Forty-two percent of patients achieved an objective partial response. The median duration of remission was 9 months and the median survival for responding patients, 12.5 months. The median survival for nonresponding patients was 3.5 months; all patients were dead by 8 months after initiation of therapy. The median survival of all 62 patients treated with FAM was 5.5 months. An analysis of possible prognostic variables including initial performance status, resectability of the primary gastric tumor, and histologic differentiation of the neoplasm failed to account for differences in patient response and survival. The FAM regimen was well tolerated, producing only moderate bone marrow suppression. These results show that patients with metastatic gastric cancer can be effectively palliated with FAM chemotherapy. The efficacy of this regimen should now be tested in patients with less advanced stages of this disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: assessment of doxorubicin in a controlled trial.

From 1981 to 1984 a randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the role of doxorubicin in low grade malignancy non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). One hundred and thirteen patients were treated by an induction regimen including cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 day 1 and 8, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 day 1 and 8, procarbazine 80 mg/m2 day 1 to 14, prednisone 60 mg/m2 day 1 to 5 (PCOP regimen) randomly associated to doxorubicin: 20 mg/m2 day 1 and 8 (PACOP regimen). Maintenance therapy consisted of 12 monthly courses of chlorambucil 10 mg/m2 for 5 days or association of cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 for 3 days, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 day 1 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 for 5 days. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 51 patients (45 per cent), in 30 patients after induction regimen and in 21 patients after maintenance therapy, without difference according to regimens. Bone marrow involvement (p = 0.02) and number of involved nodal sites (p = 0.001) were found to influence probability of achieving CR. The median time to progression was estimated to 39 months without difference between regimens. Median overall survival is not reached with a median follow-up of 53 months. Multivariate regression analysis permits observation of negative influence on survival of three parameters: initial bone marrow involvement, age over 50 years and incomplete response to treatment. The initial adjunction of doxorubicin did not seem to influence the appearance of histologic progression.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗