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C Girod

Publications and source records attributed to C Girod.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A human beta-endorphin pituitary adenoma.

A beta-endorphin (beta END)-containing pituitary adenoma was demonstrated by immunocytochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural methods in a 43-yr-old man who had impotence, slight testicular atrophy, and an enlarged sella turcica (grade II0), but no manifestations of Cushing's disease. Preoperative hormone data revealed hyperprolactinemia (97 ng/ml), low plasma cortisol levels without circadian rhythm, undetectable plasma ACTH, and normal plasma FSH and LH levels, with an impaired response to LRH. After hypophysectomy, these hormone levels normalized and responded normally to dynamic tests. Immunocytochemically, 30% of the tumor cells reacted only with beta END antiserum. beta END immunoreactivity was the only component revealed by RIA and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A characteristic ultrastructural aspect is also described. These findings demonstrate dissociation in the secretion of the proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides and suggest a relationship between hyperprolactinemia and tumor secretion of beta END.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Morphofunctional modifications associated with the inhibition by estradiol of MtTF4 rat pituitary tumor growth.

The MtTF4 pituitary tumor has been induced in Fischer rats by chronic estrogen administration. Recently, we reported that sustained pharmacological treatment of Fischer rats with 17 beta-estradiol inhibited the growth of the MtTF4 tumor transplanted s.c. The present work describes the associated morphofunctional changes occurring in the tumor during 17 beta-estradiol inhibition. It is shown that a 7-day 17 beta-estradiol treatment resulted in an increase of the surface area of cells, nuclei, nucleoli, Golgi complexes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the number of euchromatin-rich nuclei. Flow cytometry analysis of DNA distribution suggested that estradiol affects the cell progression through the early S phase. The ratio of RNA to DNA increased significantly, reflecting cell hypertrophy. Moreover, there was a significant increase in tumor prolactin concentration and a marked enhancement in the intensity of the immunocyto-chemical reaction with rat prolactin antiserum. On the other hand, cell mitoses were dramatically decreased. These morphofunctional changes indicate that the inhibition of the tumor growth by estradiol is accompanied by an evolution of the tumor cell population towards a more differentiated state. However, it cannot be decided whether 17 beta-estradiol induces a shift from a proliferative state to a differentiated state or whether 17 beta-estradiol treatment results in a selection of a subpopulation of tumor cells that are slow growing and more differentiated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 2. Prolactin cells.

Staining and histochemical methods, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were used to individualize the prolactin cells in the adenohypophyseal pars distalis of the nonhibernating hedgehog. One cell type was differentiated; their characteristics at the light and electron microscopic levels were presented. Immunofluorescence has confirmed the functional significance of this cell type and the validity of the denomination 'prolactin cells'.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Acromegaly, clinical expression of the production of growth hormone releasing factor in pancreatic tumors].

In exceptional cases, acromegaly develops as the clinical expression of an ectopic secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) or Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (GRF), tumorous in origin. In the present report, we describe an instance of acromegaly caused by the secretion of GRF from a voluminous pancreatic tumor. The resection of this tumor resulted in a temporary disappearance of the biological and clinical symptoms of acromegaly, which then reappeared in conjunction with a rise in plasma GRF. From this pancreatic tumor, substances displaying a potent GRF activity were isolated and characterized. Amino acid analyses revealed that they were related to 3 peptides containing respectively 44, 40 and 37 aminoacids. The largest (hp GRF (1-44)-NH2) referred as hp GRF or somatocrinin is considered to be the primary molecule. The pancreatic tumor was multisecreting as proved by high plasma levels of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon, normalized after the tumor removal, taken together with the immunocytochemical demonstration of the presence of these peptides in the tissue and with the isolation of somatostatin. In contrast hypercalcemia associated with an elevated plasma level of IR-PTH was unmodified by tumor removal. Diagnosis of acromegaly as ectopic endocrine syndrome will probably be facilitated by plasma GRF radioimmunoassay, as a result of production of anti synthetic GRF antibodies.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

Immunocytochemical study of Wulzen's cone of the bovine pituitary.

The Wulzen's cone of the bovine adenohypophysis presents a variable development and general arrangement. It is joined to the pars intermedia with no intervening connective tissue. It is covered by a single layer of cubical cell epithelium on the side of the hypophysial cleft. Immunofluorescence reveals the presence of different glandular cell types. The most abundant cells are those demonstrated by an anti-oPRL antibody and are either isolated or clustered. Other cells react with anti-hGH, anti-bLH, anti-beta aLH or anti-beta hTSH antibodies. Some cells react simultaneously with anti-beta MSH, anti-1-24ACTH, anti-17-39ACTH, anti-beta LPH and anti-beta endorphin antibodies. Cell types other than the numerous prolactin cells appear only as isolated elements. We did not observe cells reacting with anti-leu-enkephalin, anti-met-enkephalin or anti-calcitonin antibodies either in the Wulzen's cone or in the pars distalis or pars intermedia.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

[Immunoflurorescence demonstration of cells reacting with an antipancreatic polypeptide antibody in the intestine of the monkey Macacus irus].

Indirect immunofluorescence technique using an antibody against bovine pancreatic polypeptide has allowed us to detect immunoreactive cells in the small intestine of the monkey Macaca irus. These cells are located almost exclusively in the wall of Lieberkuhn's glands, especially in the jejunum and, in a smaller number, in the duodenum; these cells are scattered, always isolated, never in clusters; immunoreactive cells were never seen in the colon. There were no sex-linked differences in the morphology as well as in the distribution of these immunoreactive cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous pituitary tumors in the Wistar/Furth/Ico rat strain. An animal model of human prolactin adenoma.

Twenty-three spontaneous pituitary tumors in 58 rats of Wistar/Furth/Ico strain were studied. The incidence is 38% in rats older than 10 months; it rises with age, with a maximum at 28-32 months (68.7%) and is higher in females (71.4%) than in males (35%) over 17 months. Light-microscopic and immunocytochemical studies revealed 20 prolactinomas in 19 rats (19/58, 32.7%) and 3 spongiocytic nonimmunostaining adenomas (3/58, 5.2%). The prolactinoma is often hemorrhagic. The cells, often arranged in sheets and agranular, are mostly positive with anti-rat prolactin (rPRL) serum. They have few polymorph granules and a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the spongiocytic adenoma, the cells are arranged in cords. Their cytoplasm is slightly vacuolated. In prolactinoma-bearing rats, the mean plasma PRL value was 213 +/- 72.5 microgram/1 (SEM) (N = 15 +/- 1.8 microgram/1 [SEM]). A linear correlation was found between the logarithm of the tumoral pituitary weight or of the tumor size and the logarithm of the prolactinemia. Because of the analogies between these rat prolactinomas and 57 human prolactinomas, the Wistar/Furth/Ico rat strain is considered as a good animal model.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Human pituitary gonadotropic adenoma; histological, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural and hormonal studies in eight cases.

Among 230 surgically removed pituitary adenomas, eight tumours showing immunostaining gonadotropic cells and elevated intratumours gonadotropin concentrations have been detected (frequency: 3.5 per cent.). By light microscopy the tumours were composed of agranular cells and generally PAS negative cytoplasm. The immunofluorescence technique revealed the presence of immunoreactive FSH (beta-subunit) alone in two cases, of both FSH and LH in six cases with immunoreactive beta endorphin in two of them. By electron microscopy, the cells contained an often dilated moderately or well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules measuring 150 nm to 200 nm which varied in electron density, and numerous microtubules. Basal plasma FSH and LH levels were simultaneously elevated in two cases; FSH levels alone were elevated in two cases; in three cases, both FSH and LH plasma values were normal. FSH and LH intratumour concentrations were simultaneously elevated in five cases; FSH alone was elevated in two cases. In all cases, the concentrations of the other hormones were negligible, except in two cases where beta endorphin concentration was elevated. The comparison of the immunocytochemical findings, the hormonal plasma levels and intratumour concentrations showed a good relationship between the immunoreactivity of the tumour and the intratumour RIA. The gonadotropic adenoma is uncommon but not rare. Its diagnosis is possible if immunocytochemical techniques are applied.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical localization of FSH and LH in the pars distalis of vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) and baboon (Papio hamadryas) pituitaries.

Antisera against oLH, beta oLH and beta hFSH were used to localize gonadotropic cells in the pars distalis of Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas. Three separate cell types were observed for FSH and LH: 85% of immunohistochemically identified gonadotropic cells reacted to all the various antisera; 10% reacted with the anti-beta oLH antibody only; and 5% with the anti-beta hFSH antibody only. Comparisons between adjacent serial sections treated with various antisera, other than anti-gonadotropic hormones, demonstrated that the "gonadotropic cells" of these monkeys did not respond to these antisera.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Immunocytochemical evidence of somatostatin fibers in the neurohypophysis of the monkey Macacus irus].

Indirect immunofluorescence technique, using an antisomatostatin antibody, has allowed us to detect immunoreactive fibers in neurohypophysis of the monkey Macaca irus. These fibers are located in stem and in neural lobe of the pituitary gland. They are thin fibers disposed around blood vessels. They are grouped together in areas more or less large, especially at the periphery of the neural lobe, under the glandular capsule and in the vicinity of the intermediate lobe. There are no sex-linked differences in the morphology as well as the distribution of these immunoreactive fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Immunohistochemical individualization of adenohypophyseal thyrotropic cells in the monkey Macaca irus, using a human anti-beta-TSH antibody].

Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and an antiserum against the specific beta subunit of human TSH, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a cell population of the pars distalis of the monkey Macaca irus. These thyrotropic cells, which were positive to aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian blue, and PAS, were localized on the one hand in the ventro-medial zone of the pars distalis, especially alongside the large vessels of this region, and on the other in the zona tuberalis, i. e. at the bottom of the pars tuberalis. Some cells, sparsely distributed, were seen in the posterior part of the lateral lobes of the pars distalis, in the vicinity of the pars intermedia. No thyrotropic cells were encountered in pars tuberalis. Pars intermedia and posterior lobe contained no cells immunoreactive to beta-hTSH. In females, the thyrotropic cells were more numerous and larger than in males. Generally the thyrotropic cells were round or oval in shape, sometimes they were polygonal.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Cilia-centriole-Golgi apparatus relationships in the glandular cells of the anterior pituitary of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L)].

Antehypophysial somatotropic and prolactinic cells of the Hedgehog have isolated cilia composed by a ring of 9 or 8 double tubules with or without a central tubule; this single cilia is in relation with a basal corpuscule. A granulo-filamentous neck joins the basal corpuscule to the subjacent centriole; from this granulo-filamentous neck accompanying the complex basal corpuscule-centriole, microtubules and striated filaments extend towards the Golgi apparatus. The single cilia, probably of chemoreceptor significance, appears in relation with the Golgi complex, a zone of granule formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistochemical study of the pars tuberalis of the adenohypophysis in the monkey, Macaca irus.

The pars tuberalis of the hypophysis in the monkey Macaca irus encompasses the hypophysial stem up to the median eminence. Histologically, it consists of several layers of chromophobic cells. A few PAS-positive cells also stainable with Alcian blue (pH 3.0) can be observed among the unstained elements. Using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique, scattered immunoreactive cells were revealed with the anti-beta oLH antibody; these cells did not react with the anti-beta hFSH antibody. In contrast, the immunoreactions to anti-hGH, anti-hPRL, anti-ACTH, anti-MSH, anti-LPH and anti-endorphin sera were completely negative. Single cells reacting with the anti-beta hTSH serum were observed at the inferior end of the hypophysial stalk (zona tuberalis), i.e., beyond the pars tuberalis proper. These results are compared with data reported in the literature.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Morphological and biochemical relationships in 31 human pituitary adenomas with acromegaly.

In 22 pure GH cell adenomas and 9 mixed GH cell-prolactin cell adenomas with acromegaly, we compare the morphological and functional data (secretory activity and granular appearance) with GH levels (radioimmunoassays) in the blood and in the tumor. According to morphological criteria, the secretory activity is marked in 13 cases (Group I), mild in 9 cases (Group II), and weak in 9 others (Group III). The mean values of the plasma GH levels in the 3 groups (80 ng/ml plus or minus 22; 26.5 ng/ml plus or minus 2; and 16.89 ng/ml plus or minus 2 respectively) are significantly different. In 17 densely granulated adenomas and 14 sparsely granulated adenomas, the plasma GH values were very variable. The mean levels of these 2 groups (49.76 ng/ml plus or minus 22 and 41.8 ng/ml plus or minus 7.8 respectively) are not significantly different. The GH concentrations in the tumor were also very variable (358 to 78,900 ng/mg). Their highly significant relationship with the granular appearance is an indirect proof of the granular localisation of GH. We distinguish between 4 functional aspects of the GH cell adenoma which define the different levels of synthesis, storage, and excretion. The secretory activity of the GH adenomatous cell varies with the adenomas and differs from that of the normal cell.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1980

Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in scattered cells of the duct system of the submandibular glands in the monkey, Macaca irus.

Using the indirect immunofluorescent technique with anti-somatostatin serum, the distribution of scattered cells in the duct system of submandibular glands in the Monkey, Macaca irus has been assessed. In both males and females, these cells are located only in some portions of the duct system, e.g. striated ducts and excretory ducts. No immunoreactive cells were observed in the intercalated ducts or in secretory endpieces. The lymphatic node constantly adjacent to the submandibular gland did not contain immunoreactive cells. In the parotid glands, no immunoreactive cells to antisomatostatin immuneserum were ever observed.

Animals↗