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Biomedical subjects

C Gibson

Publications and source records attributed to C Gibson.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in persons with organic solvent exposure.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the prevalence of current and past DSM-IV axis I psychiatric disorders is higher among persons with a history of exposure to organic solvents than among a demographically similar group of nonexposed control subjects. METHODS: Thirty-eight solvent-exposed subjects and 39 nonexposed healthy control subjects were evaluated for axis I disorder with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS: A significantly higher number of solvent-exposed subjects (71%) met criteria for current DSM-IV axis I disorder in comparison with control subjects (10%). The most prevalent diagnosis in exposed subjects was within the anxiety and mood clusters, with a high percentage (36%) of exposed subjects meeting criteria for a dual diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorder. There were no differences between the groups in past psychiatric disorders or current or past substance abuse or dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of past psychiatric disorders among solvent-exposed subjects are similar to those among normal control subjects, but the prevalence of current DSM-IV axis I psychiatric disorders is significantly higher among exposed subjects than among control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Work-based antipoverty programs for parents can enhance the school performance and social behavior of children.

We assess the impact of the New Hope Project, an antipoverty program tested in a random assignment experimental design, on family functioning and developmental outcomes for preschool- and school-aged children (N = 913). New Hope offered wage supplements sufficient to raise family income above the poverty threshold and subsidies for child care and health insurance to adults who worked full-time. New Hope had strong positive effects on boys' academic achievement, classroom behavior skills, positive social behavior, and problem behaviors, as reported by teachers, and on boys' own expectations for advanced education and occupational aspirations. There were not corresponding program effects for girls. The child outcomes may have resulted from a combination of the following: Children in New Hope families spent more time in formal child care programs and other structured activities away from home than did children in control families. New Hope parents were employed more, had more material resources, reported more social support, and expressed less stress and more optimism about achieving their goals than did parents in the control sample. The results suggest that an anti-poverty program that provides support for combining work and family responsibilities can have beneficial effects on the development of school-age children.

Achievement↗
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A gas monitoring system for ethylene oxide sterilizers with constant sample flow through a microwave cavity spectrometer.

This paper reports a measurement system for monitoring the gas concentrations of ethylene oxide (EO) within sterilizers. It samples gas from the sterilizer chamber at a constant flow into a microwave cavity spectrometer. The pressure in the cavity of the spectrometer is linearly proportional to that in the sterilizer chamber, hence the partial pressure (i.e. gas concentration) of the EO gas is linearly proportional to that in the chamber. Measurement of the gas concentration in the chamber can therefore take place without the need to monitor and interpret the chamber pressure. As a consequence the reliability of the sterilization process may be improved, thus enabling a reduction in the in-chamber concentration of EO during sterilization and, hence, EO residues. The microwave cavity spectrometer operates under conditions of power saturation, and there is a good linear correlation between the output signal and the concentration of EO in the gas cell (to within a standard error of 4%).

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

11 November 1979--a day to remember: the Mississauga disaster.

The derailment of a train carrying potentially lethal chlorine, accompanied by exploding tank cars of propane, set into motion the evacuation of the Mississauga Hospital, Queensway General Hospital (Etoblcoke), and Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, near Toronto. The method in which the three hospitals, along with the 220,000 residents of Mississauga, were evacuated was so highly efficient and orderly that many now question the necessity of the action. But absence of panic should not be interpreted as an absence of danger. The Economist (17 - 23 November, 1979, volume 273, number 7107) extrapolated data from a British study to show there was enough chlorine in the tank to kill 24,000 people, given the population density in the area of the derailment. The purpose of this article is to describe the involvement of hospital pharmacy in the "Mississauga Saga", and to draw some conclusions from this experience.

Disasters↗
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Six weeks in Tibet.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Guidelines for selecting a nursing model for practice.

Nursing models can provide direction to the practicing nurse. In this article, the process of selecting a nursing model is outlined. Noteworthy is the need for administrative support in this process in terms of providing release time, adequate coverage of the unit, scheduling, secretarial support, praise, and encouragement. It is suggested that nurses from various levels form an ad hoc committee so that there be representatives from both management and staff nurses as well as those who have been exposed to the use of models on the committee. Initially, the committee members should examine beliefs about nursing, the client, and the environment so that the model selected will reflect the beliefs and goals of the staff. Factors to consider in model selection are outlined so that the selected model will provide direction to each phase of the nursing process. Once a model is selected, it is recommended that individuals with experience in using it be approached to share their successes and difficulties. It is imperative that staff nurses be involved in the decision-making process.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
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A chance to live.

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Heart Failure↗
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The U.S. fertility decline, 1961-1975: the contribution of changes in marital status and marital fertility.

Changes in marital fertility have accounted for 83 percent of the decline in total fertility since 1971; changes in marital status accounted for 19 percent, and changes in nonmarital fertility had only a negligible effect. Declines in the level of marital fertility account for a substantial part of the overall decrease; postponement of childbearing did not occur in any significant degree until the 1970s.

Adolescent↗