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Biomedical subjects

C Gibson

Publications and source records attributed to C Gibson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A study of headaches and migraine in Sjögren's syndrome and other rheumatic disorders.

Migraine occurs with increased frequency in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in subjects suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon without any underlying connective tissue disorders. A possible link between migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon has been suggested. Two rheumatic conditions where Raynaud's phenomenon occurs very commonly are scleroderma and primary Sjögren's syndrome. It is possible that migraine is also common in these disorders but has been unrecognised. Therefore, the prevalence of migraine was assessed by a questionnaire in 191 subjects suffering from various connective tissue disorders and control subjects. Migraine was diagnosed in 16/35 (46%) patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, 31/97 (32%) patients with scleroderma, 4/33 (12%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis/Sjögren's syndrome compared with 3/26 (11%) control subjects. A family history of headaches was more common in the patient groups than controls. There was a significant association between occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine. Small vessel pathology may underlie both migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon in these connective tissue disorders--as has been suggested in systemic lupus erythematosus. The findings stress the need to ask specifically about complaints of headaches/migraines in patients with scleroderma and primary Sjögren's syndrome for the appropriate total management of these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Optimization of the ethylene oxide sterilization process.

Hospitals and manufacturers of medical supplies use ethylene oxide (EO) gas almost exclusively to sterilize devices that are heat sensitive. However, the evidence relating the mutagenicity and cytogeneticity shows the desirability of reducing personal exposure to a practical minimum.

Central Supply, Hospital↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

A case-control method was used to examine differences in outcome between laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Cases and controls, 25 each, were matched by criteria selected to minimize differences in preoperative morbidity and technical difficulty. Patients treated laparoscopically had significantly shorter hospital stays (1.34 +/- 0.8 versus 3.92 +/- 1.1 days; mean +/- SD; P less than .01) and less operating time (77.5 +/- 26.1 versus 103.6 +/- 26.7 minutes; P less than .05). In addition, a laparoscopic approach resulted in a shorter convalescence (8.7 +/- 7.8 versus 25.7 +/- 16.2 days; P less than .01) and reduced postoperative analgesia requirements (0.84 +/- 2.3 versus 4.64 +/- 2.9 doses; P less than .01). We conclude that laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy is well tolerated by patients and, in comparison with laparotomy, requires fewer medical resources, thereby significantly reducing cost.

Convalescence↗
PubMed1988

Microwave desorption: a combined sterilizer/aerator for the accelerated elimination of ethylene oxide residues from sterilized supplies.

Ethylene oxide gas is widely used in medical and related facilities for low-temperature sterilization of surgical devices. Evidence of its toxicity and, in particular, its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity provide sufficient reasons for caution in its use and for minimizing exposure. Little advancement has been made in the removal of ethylene oxide residuals from plastics into which the gas is heavily absorbed during sterilization, despite the fact that the gas has been used for 20 years or more. This article describes a novel process (PCT Application/GB85/00509) in which microwave irradiation of ethylene oxide-sterilized materials is utilized to enhance the rate at which the gas is desorbed. The experimental apparatus is described, and an explanation of the effect of microwaves on the energy of activation for diffusion is given. Data are presented in support of the authors' claim of a 400% improvement in the efficiency of the new process over conventional aeration procedures. The advantages and economy of an integrated sterilizer/microwave-enhanced desorber are discussed in the context of the implications that arise from the current regulatory debate.

Air↗
PubMed1987

Massive outbreak of antimicrobial-resistant salmonellosis traced to pasteurized milk.

Two waves of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella typhimurium infections in Illinois totaling over 16 000 culture-confirmed cases were traced to two brands of pasteurized 2% milk produced by a single dairy plant. Salmonellosis was associated with taking antimicrobials before onset of illness. Two surveys to determine the number of persons who were actually affected yielded estimates of 168 791 and 197 581 persons, making this the largest outbreak of salmonellosis ever identified in the United States. The epidemic strain was easily identified because it had a rare antimicrobial resistance pattern and a highly unusual plasmid profile; study of stored isolates showed it had caused clusters of salmonellosis during the previous ten months that may have been related to the same plant, suggesting that the strain had persisted in the plant and repeatedly contaminated milk after pasteurization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Music therapy in Japan: an 11-year update.

In the past 10 years, music therapy in Japan has begun to make an impact in the mental health field. An increase in research and publication can be attributed in part to the efforts of the Japan Society for the Study of Music Therapy and the Japanese Association of Music Psychology and Therapy. The Japanese still face the same difficulties now, however, as they did a decade ago. These difficulties include the lack of music therapy college degree programs and an absence of certification requirements for practitioners.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1986

Predictors of reoperation after myocardial revascularization.

The first 1,000 patients undergoing primary isolated myocardial revascularization each year from 1971 to 1978 were analyzed to define the incidence of reoperation and to elucidate the determinants of reoperation and reoperation-free survival. Six hundred sixty-six patients (9.7%) underwent reoperation in a mean of 6.9 +/- 3.2 years. Cumulative percent reoperation was 2.7% at 5 years, 11.4% at 10 years, and 17.3% at 12 years. The annual incidence of reoperation was 1.1% at 5 years and increased to 3.9% at 12 years. Twenty-five patient descriptors were analyzed for predictors of reoperation. Young age was found to be the most important predictor of potential for reoperation. Other risk factors in descending order of significance were absence of an internal mammary artery graft, incomplete revascularization, New York Heart Association Functional Class III/IV, and single or double vessel disease. Absence of an internal mammary artery graft was an important predictor for all age groups. In the multivariate analyses for risk factors for reoperation-free survival, absence of an internal mammary artery graft was the most important predictor. Other factors of major significance were smoking, incomplete revascularization, and moderate/severe left ventricular impairment. Internal mammary artery grafting neutralizes hypertension, serum cholesterol level higher than 300 mg/dl, and smoking as risk factors for reoperation-free survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Determinants of 10-year survival after primary myocardial revascularization.

The first 1000 patients undergoing primary isolated myocardial revascularization each year from 1971 to 1978 were analyzed to elucidate the determinants of long-term survival. Five-year survival was 93.2%, and 10-year survival was 79.3%. Five-year survivals were 96.1%, 94.2%, 92.1%, and 90.8%, respectively, for single, double, triple, and left main disease. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets were 88.6%, 83.0%, 74.9%, and 70.9%. Five-year survivals were 95.3%, 92.4%, 88.0%, and 81.3% for patients with normal, mild, moderate, and severe impairment of the left ventricle. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets were 84.1%, 76.5%, 65.8% and 53.6%. Patients receiving internal mammary artery grafts had 95.6% and 85.8% 5- and 10-year survivals that were superior to 92.0% and 76.2% in patients with only vein grafts. Patients completely revascularized had 95.0% and 82.5% 5- and 10-year survivals, while incompletely revascularized patients had lower (90.5% and 75.2%) 5- and 10-year survivals. Advancing age was the most important factor influencing late survival. Other risk factors in descending order of significance were impaired left ventricular function, no mammary artery graft, smoking, abnormal EKG, three vessel or left main disease, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) greater than 24, hypertension, 1971 to 1974 surgical era, cholesterol greater than 300, incomplete revascularization, and two vessel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Which computer?

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Computers↗
PubMed1983

Iatrogenic pneumothorax and mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

In a review of 22 infants who underwent surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias, it was noted that one of the most common factors correlating with death was perioperative tension pneumothorax. Each of the seven infants who died developed an iatrogenic pneumothorax with air leak due to face-mask or endotracheal ventilation with pressures in excess of 34 cm H2O, or to thoracentesis. Only two infants with tension pneumothorax survived. Infants who developed tension pneumothorax experienced severe respiratory distress at an earlier age and required more vigorous resuscitative measures than those infants without an air leak.

Female↗
PubMed1982

An optimized differential heat conduction solution microcalorimeter for thermal kinetic measurements.

Heat conduction calorimeters are widely used in the biological sciences, but baseline instability, low resolution, electrical noise and motion artifacts have limited their utility. Two main sources of noise, baseline fluctuation or drift and a motion artifact, were traced to amplifier drift, a small (0.015 degrees C) gradient within the constant temperature cylinder, and the method of installing the thermopiles. The addition of heaters to the top and bottom of the cylinder reduced the gradient to approximately 0.003 degrees C and greatly reduced the slow component of the motion artifact. The drift error was reduced by proper mounting of the amplifier and its external components and the enclosure of the calorimeter in a temperature-controlled box. An R-C model of the heat flow in the calorimeter was developed which was employed to discover several means of increasing sensitivity without increasing the rise-time of the calorimeter. Analysis, also based on the model, showed that variations in the air gap between the cell and cell holder can be a major source of error when the calorimeter is used to investigate the kinetics of a chemical reaction. This analysis also showed that the time for the heat to flow through the solution in the cell can be the dominant factor in determining the rise-time of the instrument. The heat conduction calorimeter described here has improved characteristics: a baseline stability of 200 nJ x s-1 (peak-to-peak) over a 48 h period; a resolution of 200 nJ x s-1; a sensitivity of 6.504 +/- 0.045 J x V-1 x s-1 referred to the sensor output; and a rise-time of 122 s for the 10-90% response.

Calorimetry↗