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Biomedical subjects

C Gautier

Publications and source records attributed to C Gautier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Clinical, hormonal and celioscopic examination of the corpus luteum in sterility without pelvic lesions].

58 sterile women who had perfect biphasic temperature curves through their menstrual cycles were examined by laparoscopy in the luteal phase of the cycle. No pelvic lesion was found. In 21 patients it was seen that the follicle had not ruptured (the so-called non-ruptured follicle syndrome). In a further 9 cases there was no luteal follicle to be seen on the surface of the ovary. The respective values of the plasma biochemical parameters which reflect ovarian secretion in the luteal phase are discussed; the importance of oestrogen secretion at the 6th day of the luteal phase is emphasized. It has been shown that there are significant statistical differences in the levels of oestradiol in the blood.

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1982

Codon usage in bacteria: correlation with gene expressivity.

The nucleic acid sequence bank now contains over 600 protein coding genes of which 107 are from prokaryotic organisms. Codon frequencies in each new prokaryotic gene are given. Analysis of genetic code usage in the 83 sequenced genes of the Escherichia coli genome (chromosome, transposons and plasmids) is presented, taking into account new data on gene expressivity and regulation as well as iso-tRNA specificity and cellular concentration. The codon composition of each gene is summarized using two indexes: one is based on the differential usage of iso-tRNA species during gene translation, the other on choice between Cytosine and Uracil for third base. A strong relationship between codon composition and mRNA expressivity is confirmed, even for genes transcribed in the same operon. The influence of codon use of peptide elongation rate and protein yield is discussed. Finally, the evolutionary aspect of codon selection in mRNA sequences is studied.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Regulation of ureagenesis in neonatal rat liver: influence of cycloheximide in vivo and in vitro.

In order to establish whether the postnatal rise in five urea cycle enzyme activities is associated with protein synthesis, the effects of cycloheximide on urea cycle enzyme activities, citrulline and urea productions in vivo and in vitro were studied. A single injection of cycloheximide (10 microgram) 9 h after birth significantly prevented the rise in enzyme activities and citrulline concentration which normally occurred after birth, while the urea level remained unchanged. These data suggest that the postnatal rise in urea cycle enzyme activities might be associated with a protein synthesis. The rate of citrulline synthesis by liver slices was reduced (about 50%) in cycloheximide-treated neonatal liver, while the rate of urea production was not significantly decreased. The results obtained in vivo are in good agreement with in vitro experiments: citrullinogenesis was only affected by cycloheximide treatment. When cycloheximide 10 mM was added to the incubation medium, the ability of control neonatal liver slices to produce citrulline and urea was reduced to 42 and 11%, respectively. Since argininosuccinic acid addition in the medium did not produce a rise in urea synthesis, it is concluded that argininosuccinase is most responsive after incubation in cycloheximide and therefore becomes the rate-limiting step of the urea synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Codon catalog usage is a genome strategy modulated for gene expressivity.

The nucleic acid sequence bank now contains 161 mRNAs, 43 new genes are added. One sequence, that of B. mori fibroin, is dropped due to uncertainty on the starting point for translation. Frequencies of all codons are given for each gene added and for each genome type in the total bank. A new series of correspondence analyses on codon use is presented, substantiating the genome hypothesis. Internal regulation of mRNA expression by different third base choices between quartet and duet codons is proposed for bacterial genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

[The treatment of certain cases of sterility of infertility associated with an abnormal rise in urinary 17-ketosteroids by using cortisone derivatives (author's transl)].

45 women who were infertile with primary or secondary infertility were studied. The only abnormality that was found was biological, and it was a 24-hour excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids higher than 35 micromoles. Treatment with cortisone derivatives resulted in 56 pregnancies, which were studied to their term whether it was abortion or delivery. The theoretical and practical aspects, as well as the diagnoses and treatments, are discussed.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1980

Codon frequencies in 119 individual genes confirm consistent choices of degenerate bases according to genome type.

The poor printing of our previous Figure 2 (1) is corrected. Codon usage in mRNA sequences just published is also given. A new correspondence analysis is done, based on simultaneous comparison in all mRNA of use of the 61 codons. This analysis reinforces our claim that most genes in a genome, or genome type, have the same coding strategy; that is, they show similar choices among synonymous codons, or among degenerate bases (2). Like analysis on frequency variation in the amino acids coded reveals an entirely different pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Codon catalog usage and the genome hypothesis.

Frequencies for each of the 61 amino acid codons have been determined in every published mRNA sequence of 50 or more codons. The frequencies are shown for each kind of genome and for each individual gene. A surprising consistency of choices exists among genes of the same or similar genomes. Thus each genome, or kind of genome, appears to possess a "system" for choosing between codons. Frameshift genes, however, have widely different choice strategies from normal genes. Our work indicates that the main factors distinguishing between mRNA sequences relate to choices among degenerate bases. These systematic third base choices can therefore be used to establish a new kind of genetic distance, which reflects differences in coding strategy. The choice patterns we find seem compatible with the idea that the genome and not the individual gene is the unit of selection. Each gene in a genome tends to conform to its species' usage of the codon catalog; this is our genome hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Isolation and composition of plasma membranes of bovine glomerulus].

Plasma membranes of Beef kidney glomeruli were prepared by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. They were characterized by specific marker enzyme activities and electron microscopy morphological studies. Amino acid composition revealed a high amount of hydrophobic residues. Carbohydrate amount was found to be as high as 8.9 p. cent of the dry weight.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Postnatal changes in carbamylphosphate synthetase-I and ornithine transcarbamylase activities after normal birth, premature delivery and prolonged gestation in rat liver: effects of actinomycin D and glucose.

The development of two urea cycle enzymes, carbamylphosphate synthetase-I and ornithine transcarbamylase was examined in neonatal rat liver. Normal birth on day 21.5 caused a marked increase of both activities as early as 4 h of extrauterine life. That increase occurred later in newborns delivered by cesarian section on day 21.5, but they exhibited a greater hepatic urea level. Premature delivery on day 20.5 caused a marked increase of both activities and hepatic urea level while prolonged gestation abolished these increases. The postnatal increase in both activities and in hepatic urea level was therefore dependent on a factor associated with birth. The in vivo administration of actinomycin D (2 microgram) at birth did not abolish the postnatal increase of both activities. Moreover, the administration of glucose (25 mg every 2 h) to newborns delivered by cesarian section on day 21.5 abolished the postnatal increase of ornithine transcarbamylase activity and hepatic urea level 23 h later. It seems that the transient hypoglycemia and appearance of gluconeogenesis at birth were the physiological mechanisms involved in the postnatal induction of ornithine transcarbamylase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Uterine adenomyosis (author's transl)].

Uterine adenomyosis is a common, almost banal, lesion, since it is found in one uterus out of three by careful histological examination. In a continuous series of 926 hysterectomies for various indications, 246 adenomyosis lesions were demonstrated. In only 65 cases, adenomyosis was the sole histological lesion explaining bleeding or pain, symptoms refractory to routine conservative treatment (haemostatic curettage and/or hormone treatment) and therefore justifying surgical removal of the uterus. The role of adenomyosis in the failure of conservative treatment for diffuse fibromatosis at around the age of the menopause must be remembered. Almost 50% of specimens of hysterectomy for fibroma show evidence of associated histological lesions of internal uterine endometriosis. Whilst the hysterographic diagnosis may be suspected in almost 2/3 of cases, direct appearances of adenomyosis are found in only one case in four.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Effects of glucocorticosteroids on enzymatic activity in the urea cycle in fetal rat liver].

The five urea cycle enzyme activities of rat liver are followed during late fetal period and the first day of life. All five enzymes exhibit relatively low activities in foetal liver and a rapid postnatal increase. Lack of glucocorticosteroid (after hypophysectomy in utero) induces an important decrease of activity of three enzymes: carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase and argininosuccinate synthetase. Treatment with hydrocortisone acetate on decapitated fetuses results in a marked stimulation of the activity of four of the enzymes: carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase and arginase. Premature induction of carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity is obtained after intraperitoneal injection with hydrocortisone acetate at 16,5 days of gestation.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1977

[Dynamic study of tissue circulation in the cervix uteri and the prognosis of the newborn infant].

A new machine has been developed to measure heat dissipated in the tissues especially by convection linked to the blood flow. Its use is simple and without any danger as far as application to the pregnant cervix goes. New discoveries are presented. A new concept of the micro-circulation is considered together with the consequences. The practitioner may be able to draw conclusions as to the prognosis, as to whether a small-for-dates fetus together with or without premature labour is likely. This depends on the tracings obtained which register the intrinsic activity of the periarteriolar muscles.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1975

[Control activities and regulation by the glucocorticoids of three urea-cycle enzymes in rat foetal liver: argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase (author's transl)].

The activity of three urea-cycle enzymes, argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase have been studied in the foetal and new-born liver of rats. The activity increases with regularity between 17.5 days of pregnancy and birth in control foetuses. The lack of corticosteroid from 18.5 days of pregnancy decreases the activity of argininosuccinate synthetase. After administration of cortisol (hydrocortisone), to these 18.5 day-old foetuses lacking of corticosteroids, both activities of argininosuccinate synthetase and arginase are enhanced.

Adrenal Glands↗