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Biomedical subjects

C Gamallo

Publications and source records attributed to C Gamallo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Signet-ring stromal tumor of the ovary: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

We report a signet-ring stromal tumour found in the ovary of a 50-year-old woman. The solid tumour was composed of spindle and round cells which stained with vimentin and some round cells were vacuolated and had the appearance of signet-ring cells. The vacuoles were negative with periodic acid-Schiff, with and without diastase digestion, with alcian blue, Sudan III, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein stains. Ultrastructurally, they were membrane bound and contained scantly flocculent material. Some neoplastic cells contained intracytoplasmic eosinophilic globules which were positive with alpha-1-antitrypsin. Signet-ring stromal tumour is a benign, morphologically distinctive type of ovarian stromal tumour, which may present problems in differential diagnosis with other stromal and non stromal ovarian neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1993

Use of murine subinoculation for the diagnosis and isolation of toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients with persistent lymphadenopathy.

A murine model was used to try to elucidate the importance of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-positive patients. Laboratory mice were inoculated with lymph node homogenates or buffy coats from 30 HIV-infected individuals with persistent lymphadenopathy. Sabin and Feldman dye-tests, direct agglutination tests and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) of serum samples taken from the mice six weeks after inoculation indicated, respectively, that 26.6%, 43.4% and 33.3% of the lymph node inocula and 13.3%, 30.0% and 16.7% of the buffy coat samples had been Toxoplasma-positive. Histological examination of the brains of the infected mice revealed Toxoplasma tachyzoites or bradyzoites in the mice given buffy coat samples from one patient (3.3%) and those given lymph node material from three patients (10%). No protozoa were found in the brains of the control mice, all of which were sero-negative. In contrast to the mouse results, other, concurrent tests failed to detect any signs of toxoplasmosis infection in the patients, except relatively low titres of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in 11 patients, even though two patients developed brain toxoplasmosis, one 12 and the other 18 months after the study. It appears, therefore, that an animal model can be very useful in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in HIV patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: demonstration of p24 antigen in endothelial cells.

We report a case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in a woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in whose endothelial cells we detected HIV p24 antigen. The patient had an excellent response to conventional therapy for TTP and remained in complete remission 12 months after diagnosis. We also present a review of the literature on the association of TTP with HIV infection and speculate on its nature. The presence of HIV p24 antigen in the endothelial cell might be indicative of a role of virus, yet to be defined, in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated TTP.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Correlation of E-cadherin expression with differentiation grade and histological type in breast carcinoma.

Recently, a correlation has been suggested between a loss of E-cadherin (E-CD) and increased invasiveness of neoplastic cells. In this study, E-CD expression in breast cancer was investigated using an affinity-purified antibody (ECCD-2) in an immunoenzymatic (avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase) test. Intensity and extension of E-CD immunoreactivity were evaluated in 61 breast carcinomas and correlated with their histological type and grade, nodal involvement, and hormonal receptor status. Histological types were infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no special type (n = 54) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (n = 7). All infiltrating ductal carcinomas of no special type except two grade 3 carcinomas showed positive immunoreactivity that was variable among different cases. Grade 1 breast carcinomas (n = 10) showed greater immunoreactivity than grade 2 (n = 25) and grade 3 (n = 19) carcinomas. E-CD immunoreactivity correlated positively with the degree of tubular formation and inversely with the mitoses number. None of the infiltrating lobular carcinomas expressed E-CD in their infiltrating cells, whereas they showed only weak immunostains in areas of atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. These results indicate that E-CD expression correlates with histological type and grade in breast carcinomas.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Histologic changes in rheumatoid synovitis induced by naproxen and methotrexate.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in rheumatoid synovitis induced by the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), naproxen, and methotrexate (MTX). METHODS: Twelve patients were treated with naproxen, and 11 with MTX and a clinical activity index was measured before and after treatment. A synovial biopsy was taken, on entry into the study and after 73 +/- 43 days in the NSAID group and 145 +/- 35 in the MTX group. Synovial cells bearing CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, LeuM5 (CD11c), HLA-DR, HLA-DP and CD25 antigens were measured by stereology. RESULTS: Patients treated with MTX showed a reduction in the number of CD3+ (p = 0.01), CD4+ (p = 0.007) and HLA-DR+ (p = 0.01) cells with an improvement in the activity index (p = 0.001). The patients treated with naproxen did not show changes in the activity index or in the synovial infiltrate. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the theory that clinical improvement in rheumatoid synovitis is associated with a significant decrease in the number of T cells infiltrating the synovial membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histomorphometric study of experimental extramucosal ureteroureterostomy.

The reconstruction of the urinary tract is still nowadays a controversial issue. This study is based on the use of histomorphometric techniques to describe the changes which take place in extramucosal ureteroureterostomy. A medial laparotomy was performed in 41 Wistar rats. The left ureter was sectioned and an extramucosal anastomosis was performed. All rats were sacrificed 25 days postsurgery. Histomorphometric studies were performed on the sutured ureters as well as on the contralateral (unrepaired) ureters. Two of the 41 cases operated died. Five others developed hydronephrosis and/or urinary fistula. Histomorphometric studies gave an average cross-sectional area of 98,662.5 +/- 31,927 mu 2 for the anastomosed ureters versus 75,176.3 +/- 16,732.4 mu 2 for the control ureters (P less than or equal to 0.01). Sutured ureters showed an increase in the area of the muscular layer (P less than or equal to 0.001) and the submucosa (P less than or equal to 0.01) compared with control ureters. Mucosa and lumen areas showed no significant differences between the groups. Sectioned ureters show an increase in total area and width based on a hypertrophy of the muscular and submucosal layers.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

[Peritoneal tuberculosis. The characteristics of a not infrequent tuberculosis site].

Laparoscopic, clinical and biological features of 51 patients admitted over a period of 22 years in two university hospitals of Madrid are analyzed. Mean age was 43 years, 30 patients were diagnosed in the period from 1967 to 1978 and in 32 of them, there was predisposing pathology. Main symptoms were abdominal pain, fever, general syndrome and ascites. Ascitic fluid was an exudate in 97% of cases, finding BAAR in one case, being the culture positive in four cases. Diagnostic was made through laparoscopy in 42 cases and using laparotomy in 9 cases, being confirmed with histological procedures in 38 cases and with microbiological procedures in 11 cases. Peritoneal tuberculosis is a non unfrequent tuberculosis localization. Laparoscopy is the more cost-effective diagnostic method of peritoneal tuberculosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Lymphomas in the acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical, histological, immunological, and developmental study of 26 patients].

PURPOSE: To assess in a retrospective fashion the appearance of lymphoid malignancies in subjects infected by the human immunodeficiency virus, or included in any risk-group, between January 1984 and June 1991. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with AIDS-related lymphoma (23 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3 Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases) were entered in the study. Of them, 25 were males, with a mean age of 27 years. Eleven were intravenous drug abusers, eight were homosexuals, five were haemophiliacs and two were heterosexuals. RESULTS: The NHL histologic subtypes found were: small, non cleaved cell (Burkitt's), 14 cases; immunoblastic, 2 cases; diffuse, large cell, 1 case; anaplastic, 1 case; extramedullary plasmacytoma, 1 case, and high grade, unclassifiable, 4 cases. The malignant cell immunophenotype was B in 95% of the cases. The pathological stage at diagnosis was IV-B in 16 cases, IV-A in 3, III-B in 1 and I-E in 3. Extranodal involvement was seen in 95% of the patients, mainly extended to the bone marrow (53%), liver (48%) central nervous system (35%) and digestive tract (22%). The three HD patients (2 with lymphocytic depletion and 1 with mixed cellularity) were in stage IV-B at diagnosis, with bone marrow involvement. Twenty-three patients received chemotherapy, 7 were treated with radiotherapy, and 4 underwent surgery. Complete remission (CR) was attained in 35% of the cases and partial response in 55%. The median survival of the series is 7 months, and that of the CR patients is 20 months (p less than 0.001). The series mortality was 77%, mostly related to disease progression or opportunistic infection. CONCLUSION: The general characteristics of AIDS-related lymphoma were confirmed here: aggressive clinical course, poor response to therapy and high risk of opportunistic infections. The possibility of achieving CR may justify the use of combination chemotherapy in patients with good functional status.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

AIDS-related lymphoma of the oral cavity.

Six new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), primarily located in the oral cavity, in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are presented. They all had a voluminous fungous tumoral mass, that extended from the gingiva to the buccal vestibule or palate. All were intravenous drug abusers. The diagnosis of AIDS was known in one patient, 2 patients presented with AIDS-related complex symptomatology, and in 3 cases NHL was the first manifestation of the HIV infection. All presented advanced stages (IV). Histologically, all were considered high grade NHL. It is recommended to determine the HIV status in all young patients affected with oral NHL. All intraoral lesions in AIDS patients or in patients that belong to a risk group should have a biopsy to rule out NHL or any other manifestations of AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1991

Maxillofacial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.

The clinical and pathological features of 7 patients with MPNST in the maxillofacial area are reviewed. They occurred in five men and two women; ages ranged from seven to eighty years. The parotid area and infratemporal fossa were the commonest sites (two cases each), followed by the lower lip, cheek and central mandible (one case each). Two had the antecedent of an excised neurofibroma, one with von Recklinghausen's disease and radiotherapy, that had recurred many times. Pathological slides were revised. Immunohistochemistry with S-100 protein was positive in 6 of 7 cases; electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis in 3 cases. None showed divergent differentiation. Surgical treatment was performed in all, with or without radiotherapy. Surgical margins were positive in five cases. Recurrence took place in six and was multiple in three. Surgical salvage of the local recurrences produced satisfactory results in 3 of the 6 cases. One patient developed lung metastasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The application of the statistical study in the morphometric characterization of a Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi.

After morphological and histopathological characterization, the Cali strain of T. cruzi isolated from a patient in Cali (Colombia), was also submitted to a morphometrical characterization. For this we estimated 16 cellular parameters in 30 samples of each evolutive form of T. cruzi in blood in NNN medium through planimetry by the IBAS-1 (Image Basic Analytic System). This morphometrical study was completed with a statistical one through the application of the variance (ANOVA-1). This made it possible to evidence a great number of significant differences between the slender, broad and stout forms and also between the short and large epimastigotes from the NNN medium. These data have a real interest for classifying some features of the biological cycle of T. cruzi as well as the future development of diagnosis techniques or therapeutical and prophylactic experiments.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

A role for the E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion molecule during tumor progression of mouse epidermal carcinogenesis.

The expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecules E- and P-cadherin has been analyzed in seven mouse epidermal keratinocyte cell lines representative of different stages of epidermal carcinogenesis. An inverse correlation between the amount of E-cadherin protein and tumorigenicity of the cell lines has been found, together with a complete absence of E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression in three carcinoma cell lines (the epithelioid HaCa4 and the fibroblastoid CarB and CarC cells). A similar result has been detected in tumors induced in nude mice by the cell lines, where induction of E-cadherin expression takes place in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas induced by HaCa4 cells, although at much lower levels than in well-differentiated tumors induced by the epithelial PDV or PDVC57 cell lines. Complete absence of E-cadherin expression has been observed in spindle cell carcinomas induced by CarB or CarC cells. P-cadherin protein was detected in all cell lines that exhibit an epithelial (MCA3D, AT5, PDV, and PDVC57) or epithelioid (HaCa4) morphology, as well as in nude mouse tumors, independent of their tumorigenic capabilities. However, complete absence of P-cadherin was observed in the fibroblast-like cells (CarB and CarC) and in spindle cell carcinomas. The introduction of an exogenous E-cadherin cDNA into HaCa4 cells, or reactivation of the endogenous E-cadherin gene, leads to a partial suppression of the tumorigenicity of this highly malignant cell line. These results suggest a role for E-cadherin in the progression to malignancy of mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. They also suggest that the loss of both E- and P-cadherin could be associated to the final stage of carcinogenesis, the development of spindle cell carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A comparative pathological study of three strains of Trypanosoma cruzi in an experimental model.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, shows a wide variation in its biological behaviour depending on the geographical distribution of different strains. Moreover, some strains can show variations with the course of time. We have studied the tissular tropism of three strains of T. cruzi, Cali, Bolivia and Y, from different geographical origins (Colombia, Bolivia and Brasil respectively) on Swiss mice in order to detect any possible modification in their behaviour attributable only to parasite but not to host variations. The anatomopathological study of sections from heart, brain, liver, spleen, lymphatic ganglion, skeletal muscle and colon from Swiss mice infected with these strains has evidenced the presence of some important discrepancies between the tissular tropism expected from their former descriptions, and classical typification and then observed lesions. The greatest variations were found in the Y strain which had been described as eminently reticulotropic but presented lesions in all the organs except the spleen and lymphatic ganglion. We consider that the variations found in our study can only be explained in terms of changes in the properties of the strains considered, and conclude that the classic typification techniques based on the constancy of the characteristics of the parasite are not fully reliable for the description and clinical management of some evolving strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Importance of risk factors in the extension of pulmonary thromboembolism].

The cases of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) diagnosed in the clinical autopsies performed in our hospital during a 15-year period were reviewed. The incidence was 2.7% (63 cases). The most common disease associated with thromboembolism was cancer (41%). In 30 cases, thromboembolism involved more than 60% of the pulmonary circulation (group I), between 40% and 60% in 18 cases (group II), and less than 40% in 15 cases (group III). 30% of the embolisms were recurrent. A statistically significant correlation between the extension of the involved pulmonary circulation and the condition associated with thromboembolism was found. Whereas in patients with neoplasia the extension of pulmonary circulation involved by PTE was quite variable, the patients with cardiovascular disease or thrombophlebitis had PTE with invariably severe compromise of pulmonary vasculature (groups I and II).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[What factors make the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism difficult?].

A series of 63 cases of fatal acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with available necropsy study was evaluated The diagnosis was established ante mortem in 20 cases (predictive index 31%). The diagnosis was only suspected in 2 of the 16 patients in whom PTE was associated with pneumonia (predictive index 12.5%, p less than 0.01), in 3 of the 26 cases if PTE associated with neoplasia (predictive index 11.5% p less than 0.01) and in 8 of the 41 cases with terminal disease (predictive index 19.5%, p less than 0.01). On the contrary, thrombophlebitis and relapsing PTE had a significative facilitation effect on the diagnosis (predictive indexes 53.3% and 52.6%, respectively; p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the presence of neoplasia, pneumonia or terminal illness make the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism difficult.

Adult↗