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Biomedical subjects

C G Ward

Publications and source records attributed to C G Ward.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Iron and infection.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Suppurative thrombophlebitis: a new look at a continuing problem.

Despite knowledge of its existence and despite precautionary measures, suppurative thrombophlebitis remains a significant problem in critical care, with a reported incidence of approximately 4% and associated mortality as high as 83%. In a retrospective study, we identified additional risk factors such as emergency department or field placement of catheters and administration of potassium boluses. New guidelines for surveillance and prevention have proved successful.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1988

High-voltage electrical injuries: management and outcome of 60 cases.

High-voltage electrical injuries, though uncommon, are not rare and make up approximately 3% of hospital admissions for burns. Our review of a seven-year experience including treatment of 60 patients indicates that the mortality for hospitalized patients is low, but the complication rate is significant. Sepsis or wound infection occurred in one third and neurologic impairment in one fourth of the patients. Despite this, most patients are able to return to gainful employment.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Scar carcinoma arising acutely in a skin graft donor site.

Scar carcinoma is an uncommon but not rare lesion. Although generally appearing after a long latent period, an acute form exits. In this case an acute squamous cell carcinoma appeared in a skin graft donor site at about 6 weeks, and was removed at 12 weeks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Transfers from emergency room to burn center: errors in burn size estimate.

Errors in estimation of burn size are commonplace in community hospital emergency rooms. In 24 of 132 transfers to a burn center the extent of injury was overestimated at the transferring emergency room by 100% or more. This incorrect burn size estimation seems related to reliance on guesswork or use of the Rule of Nines. The incidence of error is greater in smaller burns.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1986

Myocardial damage and electrical injuries: significance of early elevation of CPK-MB isoenzymes.

Significant cardiac complications among immediate survivors of high-voltage electrical injuries are less common than previously suspected. Transient arrhythmias predominate. The MB isoenzyme of serum creatine phosphokinase may be factitiously elevated within the first 48 hours after injury. In the absence of clinical symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of ischemia, early isolated elevation of this cardiac isoenzyme should not preclude an aggressive surgical approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of iron compounds on antibacterial function of human polymorphs and plasma.

Human plasma was bactericidal for small numbers of Klebsiella pneumoniae, but larger numbers grew slowly over a period of 24 h. Human polymorphs in a clot of autologous plasma had a bacteriostatic effect on relatively large numbers of bacteria for up to 24 h and were much more effective than plasma alone. The bactericidal effect of plasma could be abolished by saturating the plasma albumin and hemopexin with hematin, the haptoglobin with hemoglobin, and the transferrin with Fe3+. Stimulation of bacterial growth in the presence of polymorphs depended on the degree of saturation of the plasma proteins which bind the Fe3+ or heme compounds. Hematin bound to albumin appeared to be readily available to K. pneumoniae. Free hemoglobin stimulated bacterial growth but the organism could not utilize the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. In the presence of polymorphs the addition of Fe3+ to give 60% saturation of the transferrin with iron led to rapid growth after a long delay (19 h). Progressive increases in saturation above 60% gave correspondingly quicker growth, suggesting that the higher the saturation of transferrin, the easier it is for the bacteria to acquire iron. The antibacterial effect of the plasma appears to be critically dependent on the availability of iron for the bacteria, and this in turn affects the ability of the polymorphs to control bacterial growth.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1985

Complications of the burn injury.

Complications secondary to thermal, chemical, or electrical injury are varied and involve organ systems other than the skin. They proceed, to some degree, in a chronologic sequence and can thus be anticipated.

Burns↗
PubMed1983

The effect of iron on mixed infection of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli in mice.

Survival of an infected animal is improved in a mixed infection when Bacteroides fragilis is the bacterial species acting as a microbial antagonist against Escherichia coli. The protective effect afforded an animal by B. fragilis against E. coli is altered when ferric ammonium citrate is added to the injected mixed culture. In mice an E. coli concentration of 10(9) produced zero survival; the concentration 10(8) produced 40% survival; the concentration 10(7) and less produced 100% survival. Bacteroides fragilis concentrations of 10(8) and less did not kill the 15- to 20-g mouse within 5 days. Mice were given ip injections of the constant amount of 10(8) E. coli and serially diluted amounts of B. fragilis beginning with 10(8) organisms/ml. There was 40% survival in the 10(8) E. coli controls and 96% survival in the animals receiving 10(8) E. coli plus B. fragilis. The addition of ferric ammonium citrate to 10(8) E. coli plus B. fragilis reduced animal survival from 96 to 63%.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The use of a radiometric technic for the rapid detection of contaminated tissue specimens from burned patients.

The 14CO2-dependent BACTEC system for the detection of bacteria in fluid specimens was adapted for the semiquantitative bacteriologic screening of solid tissue samples from 33 burned patients. The radiometric system detected 87% of all specimens harboring > 10(5) organisms per gram of tissue and 100% of all heavily contaminated specimens (> 10(8) organisms per gram) within eight hours of incubation. The BACTEC radiometric system correlated well (98.1%) with conventional culture methods in the detection of all contaminated samples. No false-positive result was obtained from sterile tissue specimens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1974

Virulence and the role of iron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be enhanced by passage in mice or rabbits. Enhanced virulence has some specificity for the host in which the passage is done. Experimental infection in the peritoneal cavity of cannulated rabbits has shown that the injection of iron compounds can lead to a rapid and fatal growth of an otherwise nonlethal dose of bacteria. In vitro the unsaturated iron-binding proteins present in the peritoneal fluid can halve the growth rate of P. aeruginosa. The restricted rate of growth is restored to normal if the iron-binding proteins are saturated with iron. Exactly the same results are achieved with purified transferrin. Both fatal and nonfatal infections with P. aeruginosa cause a sharp fall in the percentage of saturation with Fe of the plasma and peritoneal fluid. In both normal and infected animals the peritoneal fluid is invariably less saturated than the plasma. Specific antiserum not only protects against death but also against the fall in iron saturation of the plasma and peritoneal fluid. In both fatal and nonfatal infections a high proportion of viable bacteria are unphagocytized in the peritoneal cavity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗