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Biomedical subjects

C Freeman

Publications and source records attributed to C Freeman.

121 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Research comparisons. Some limitations of international comparisons of research and development expenditures are considered.

In concluding, I will make some personal value judgments explicit. No value judgments need enter into a comparison of inputs, nor need they intrude into comparisons of technological progress and economic growth, except in the choice of these themes for investigation, but value judgments are inevitably involved in the consideration of policy measures which may flow from such comparisons. Insofar as it represents a conscious political decision, the scale of R & D activity and support for science in any particular country reflects a variety of policy goals, only some of which are economic. Moreover, the balance of "home" R & D and "imported" science and technology must also partly reflect political and cultural, as well as more narrowly conceived economic and technological, goals. My personal preference is for a more research-oriented society, both in Britian and in Europe, but for very different policy goals than those pursued in the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. I regard the proposals being canvassed in Britain for drastically cutting back the rate of growth of fundamental and applied research as short-sighted both culturally and economically, and I believe that the real possibilities of acquiring and using American know-how will depend increasingly on strengthening Europe's own R & D capacity. But wherever the balance may lie, all countries benefit to a very considerable extent from scientific and technological exchanges. Autarchy is inefficient, both for the world economy and for world science and technology.

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-back pain following multiple lumbar spine procedures. Failure of initial selection?

A retrospective review was made of 30 patients who had failed multiple traditional surgical procedures for low-back pain, sciatic pain, or both. The most common cause of the poor results appeared to be failure of initial selection, even though all patients appeared to meet traditional indications for operative intervention. Psychosocial problems (eg, drug abuse, alcoholism, marital discord, personality disturbances) were prevalent, but were not initially recognized. Thoughtful assessment of patients being considered for initial lumbar spine surgery, which includes objective psychological testing, may reduce the incidence of unsuccessful lumbar spine surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term follow-up of implant-stabilised overdentures.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term outcome of patients provided with implant-stabilised overdentures. Patients who had been entered into a previous trial were identified; the records were available for nineteen patients restored with conventional complete upper dentures and implant-stabilised lower overdentures. The mean follow-up period was 11.5 years (range 5.25-13.5 years). One implant was lost and all patients have successfully worn their prostheses, although most have experienced problems: loosening, loss and fracture of retaining clips, soft tissue complications and fractured bars. Nine patients subsequently had bars replaced with ball attachments. This conversion significantly reduced requirements for maintenance and professional care. Implant-stabilised lower overdentures supported on two implants provide a simple, predictable solution for patients with otherwise poorly retained and unstable lower dentures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local renal graft irradiation in children.

Between 1974-1979, 64 renal cadaveric transplants were performed in 54 pediatric recipients at our institution. Forty eight of these 64 transplants experienced at least one episode of acute rejection. These patients were divided in two equal groups including 24 transplants in 21 recipients, one group treated with chemical immunosuppression alone, the other group treated by chemical immunosuppression and radiotherapy. Kidney survival at 2 years was 54.1% (13/24) in the control group treated by chemical immunosuppression alone. In the group treated by radiotherapy and immunosuppression, kidney survival after 2 years gave a success rate of 45.8% (11/24). Thus, it would appear that addition of radiotherapy to standard immunosuppressive treatment exerted no beneficial long term effect in acutely rejected renal transplants. In view of the disappointing results obtained with radiotherapy, it is felt that this mode of treatment should be restricted to use in particular circumstances as a temporary means of immunosuppression where systemic immunosuppression is hazardous.

Adolescent↗