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Biomedical subjects

C E Yale

Publications and source records attributed to C E Yale.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

An autoclavable isolator for operating on the adult gnotobiotic dog.

An isolator, in which complex operations can be performed on a large gnotobiotic dog, was designed and fabricated of lightweight stainless steel. This "T" shaped chamber is 20-40 inches wide, 96 inches long, and 38-58 inches high. It has two 18-inch diameter entry ports and a pair of gloves mounted beneath each of four plate glass windows. The isolator rests on a 12-inch high stainless steel pallet and is moved about the laboratory by a portable hydraulic platform lift. It is readily sterilized in an autoclave at temperatures up to 285 degrees F (140 degrees C) and can be cleaned and resterilized in less than 8 hours. Although the isolator is more expensive than one made of flexible plastic film, it has the advantages of not being readily punctured and it requires less labor to clean and sterilize between uses. Thus, it is more secure and, in the long run, more economical.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon disease of previously unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of gas-filled cysts in the walls of some portion of the gastrointestinal tract. This investigation showed that PCI was readily produced in the germfree rat by inoculating its peritoneal cavity with a pure culture of either C. perfringens or C. tertium. Similar inoculation of the germfree animal with any one of eight other clostridia species did not result in the formation of PCI. The bacterial theory for the formation of at least some cases of PCI is now established. This work suggests that part of the treatment of those fulminating diseases known to be frequently associated with PCI should be directed at controlling a possible clostridial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The importance of clostridia in experimental intestinal strangulation.

Hemorrhagic and ischemic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was sutdied in germ-free rats individually monocontaminated with one of eight separate species of clostridia. Ischemic strangulation was found to be as deadly as hemorrhagic strangulation in the presence of clostridia. Some clostridia were very toxic whereas others were relatively innocuous. The clostridia, ranked in the order of decreasing lethality, were: Clostridium perfringens type A, C. septicum, C. histolyticum, C. haemolyticum, C. bifermantans, C. sporogenes, C. tertium, and C. novyi type A. All species were readily established in the gastrointestinal tract of the nonoperated germ-free rat. The clostridia appear to be one of the most potentially lethal groups of organisms commonly found in the intestinal tract of human beings and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An autoclavable intensive care isolator for the adult gnotobiotic dog.

A lightweight stainless steel isolator which allows 3 investigators simultaneous access to an adult gnotobiotic dog for the purpose of rendering intensive care was designed and constructed. This isolator is 54'' high X 60'' long X 42'' wide. It has an 18'' diam entry port at 1 end and a pair of gloves mounted beneath a window on each of the other 3 sides. The chamber rests on a 12'' high pallet and is moved about the laboratory by a portable hydraulic platform lift. It can be rapidly cleansed with soap and water and sterilized in a large autoclave. Over the past 2 yr. this intensive care isolator has enabled us to perform a variety of manipulations on the adult gnotobiotic dog in a safe, convenient, and efficient manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Blood and serum chemistry values of gnotobiotic beagles.

Several blood and serum chemistry values were serially determined over a 2-yr period on 17 purebred beagle dogs from the same closed, inbred colony. Seven of these dogs were germfree, and 10 had a conventional bacterial flora. Seven of those with a conventional flora were confined in germfree-type isolators; 3 were housed in a routine manner in a conventional animal facility. The germfree dogs were found to have significantly lower red blood cell, white blood cell, neutrophil, and band cell counts lower levels of alpha-2 and gamma globulins, and higher amounts of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase than the 2 sets of conventional dogs. In most other respects, the blood and serum chemistry values of the germfree dogs were similar to those of the conventional dogs and to previously reported values for normal beagles.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Etiology of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is an uncommon condition of previously unknown etiology. Experimental work is discussed which proves that either one of at least two clostridial species can produce PCI after relatively atraumatic contamination of the peritoneal cavity of germfree animals. This work strongly supports the bacterial etiology of PCI. It further suggests that vigorous and early treatment be directed toward control of the clostridial organisms in those cases where fulminating conditions associated with PCI are present.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Serum proteins of gnotobiotic rats.

Cellulose-acetate and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis were used to study the serum protein patterns of germfree rats before and after monoassociation with a pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus (phage type 80/81), Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Proteus vulgaris. All six bacteria quickly established themselves in the gastrointestinal tract of the germfree rat, and all six increased the animals' total serum proteins. Only S. aureus and P. aeruginosa caused a noticeable rise in gamma globulins. L. acidophilus, S. faecalis, and B. fragilis multiplied readily in the gastrointestinal tract but caused only minimal alterations in the serum proteins. P. vulgaris caused a marked increase in the alpha and beta, but not the gamma globulins.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1971

Intestinal Strangulation in Clostridium perfringens-Monocontaminated Rats.

Ischemic and hemorrhagic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was studied in germ-free rats individually contaminated with one of seven separate strains of Clostridium perfringens type A. The principal findings were that (i) the monocontaminated rats with ischemic or hemorrhagic intestinal strangulation died at the same rapid rate; (ii) intraintestinal blood did not augment the action of C. perfringens in the presence of ischemic strangulation; (iii) although some strains were more toxic than others, several food-poisoning strains were as rapidly fatal as the classical strains; and (iv) the massive amounts of gas produced by some of these strains probably led to the early rupture of the closed segments and rapid death of the animals. The secondary findings were that (i) the injection of C. perfringens into the lumen of the distal small intestine of the germ-free rat produced the typical lesions of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis; and (ii) most of the strains of C. perfringens established themselves throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the unoperated germ-free rat.

Journal Article↗