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Biomedical subjects

C David

Publications and source records attributed to C David.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. Part 1: Growth, reproductive performance and feed intake during the first lactation.

Fifty pure-bred Large White gilts were allocated to two feeding levels from 28 kg until service. They were fed a standard growing diet (13.4 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg; 18.1% crude protein, CP; 0.96% lysine) either to appetite (AP) or at 80% of the AP level (R). Growth rate was reduced by about 20% in R gilts, whereas feed conversion ratio was unaffected by rearing treatment. First oestrus was detected earlier in AP gilts (234 versus 247 d of age). At service, AP females had larger body weight (190 versus 150 kg) and thicker backfat (20.9 versus 13.4 mm). After service, the reproductive performances of 30 of these gilts were studied during the first reproductive cycle. All gilts received 2.6 kg/d of a standard diet (12.6 MJ DE/kg; 13.9% CP; 0.59% lysine) during pregnancy and were fed ad libitum a commercial lactation diet (13.1 MJ DE/kg; 17.1% CP; 0.90% lysine) from day five after farrowing. At farrowing, AP females were larger (257 versus 225 kg) and had more backfat (23.7 versus 17.4 mm) than R ones. Reproductive performance during the first lactation was not affected by rearing treatment, and weaning to oestrus interval was similar in both groups (4.8 d, on average). During lactation, R sows consumed significantly more feed (+650 g/d) and lost less backfat depth (1.5 versus 3.8 mm) than AP ones.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. Part 2: Effect on metabolite profiles during gestation and lactation, and on glucose tolerance.

Eighteen primiparous Large White sows were selected on d 104 of gestation. Animals had either high (AP) or reduced (R) level of body fatness, as a result of different feeding levels during rearing. A jugular catheter was surgically implanted under general anaesthesia and regular blood sampling, glucose tolerance and meal tests were performed. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), phosphorus and calcium were determined by radio-immune assay or enzymatic assay. Plasma concentration of urea increased with the progress of lactation, whereas NEFA decreased. Results of glucose tolerance and test meals suggested that animals with greater body reserves at farrowing were less tolerant to glucose than the lean ones. In addition, the higher NEFA level observed in AP animals also suggested that the level of body fatness at farrowing might be involved in the regulation of feed intake during lactation and could partially explain the lower spontaneous feed intake observed in these animals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, urea, insulin, cortisol and some mineral elements in the plasma of the primiparous sow before, during and after induced parturition.

The concentrations of selected metabolites, minerals and hormones relative to parturition were studied in 12 primiparous sows. Blood sampling was performed on day -5, 0 and +5 relative to the farrowing day. On the day of parturition (d 0), samples were taken every hour from 07.00 to 24.00 hours. All sows had an indwelling catheter in the jugular vein, and the evolution of glucose, insulin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (UEFA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and cortisol were studied. The concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and P were significantly higher at d 0 than at d -5 or d +5, whereas the Mg level was lower. During the expulsion of foetuses, NEFA and cortisol levels increased (+18 and +30%, respectively), and they decreased immediately after the birth of the last piglet, to reach the initial levels observed before farrowing (around 700 microEq.L-1 and 110 ng.mL-1, respectively). Glucose and insulin levels remained unchanged during the expulsion of the piglets (105 ng.dL-1 and 5 microIU.mL-1, respectively), but they both increased immediately after the birth of the last animal. During the expulsion of the foetuses, the Ca concentration remained unchanged (93 mg.L-1), whereas the P level increased (+9%) and the Mg concentration decreased (-7.4%). These data suggested that parturition induces large variations in the concentrations of plasma metabolites that may affect its normal process.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of MHC, Mls and TCR in immune tolerance.

MHC class II molecules and self antigens, such as Mls, influence T-cell selection by clonal deletion of potentially self-reactive T cells. In order to examine the role of various class II molecules in the T-cell receptor-self antigen interaction, class II transgenic and recombinant mice were analysed for TCR expression. Our studies indicate that the A alpha and E alpha chains can present Mls gene products for the clonal deletion of V beta 6-bearing T cells, and that the A alpha q chain is defective in this process. We have also shown that E alpha A beta heterodimer in transgenic and recombinant mice is expressed and functions to delete I-E reactive V beta llT cells, demonstrating again the role of the E alpha molecule.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertebral artery aneurysm--a unique hazard of head banging by heavy metal rockers. Case report.

A 15-year-old drummer in a neighborhood rock music band suffered a traumatic true aneurysm of the cervical vertebral artery from violent head and neck motion. He underwent excision of the aneurysm after distal and proximal ligation of the artery. He is neurologically normal 1 year after surgery. The mechanisms of injury caused by extremes of cervical motion, as well as 5 previously reported cases of extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm from closed trauma, are discussed. Excision of vertebral artery aneurysms in patients with emboli from a mural thrombus is recommended. The consequences of vertebral artery ligation and the indications for distal reconstruction are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: site of functional disturbance and correlation to loss of body weight.

We have investigated the effect of an intraperitoneal cisplatin injection (5 mg/kg body weight) into male Wistar rats on: (1) body weight; (2) proximal tubular transport of D-glucose and sulfate across the luminal membrane; (3) transport of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and sulfate across the contraluminal membrane; (4) urinary excretion of inulin; (5) urinary excretion and tissue accumulation of sulfofluorescein, and (6) effect of the 'protecting substances', N-Methyl-D-glucamine-dithiocarbamate (NaG), diethyldithiocarbamate, mercaptosuccinate (MS), probenecid, and glycine on parameters 1, 4 and 5. Five days after intraperitoneal application of cisplatin the following effects were observed: (1) body weight was reduced on average by 11% as compared to a 12% increase in control animals; (2) luminal sulfate and D-glucose transport was inhibited correlating with the degree of weight loss; (3) contraluminal PAH transport was also decreased in correlation to the loss of body weight, while contraluminal sulfate transport was not inhibited by cisplatin; (4) inulin excretion was reduced by 45%, the pattern for protection was the same as for the prevention of weight loss; (5) sulfofluorescein (SF) excretion in the urine was reduced by 43%, and (6) accumulation of SF into cortical tissue was augmented. Protecting substances prevented or mitigated weight loss, fall of urinary inulin and SF excretion as well as SF accumulation in cortical tissue with a similar pattern: N-glucamine-dithiocarbamate > mercaptosuccinate approximately probenecid approximately glycine. The data indicate: (1) that luminal (glucose and sulfate) and contraluminal (PAH) transport processes are affected by cisplatin; (2) that contraluminal transport (sulfate) can be unaffected or less affected than luminal transport processes (SF); (3) our method (SF) gives the possibility to monitor the balance between luminal and contraluminal transport steps in vivo; and (4) the correlation of body weight loss with decay of certain renal transport functions and their prevention with similar protecting patterns indicates that a simple index might be useful to monitor the cytotoxic status of an individual.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitological diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania b. braziliensis in Bolivia.

Parasitological diagnosis, using stained smears, culture and pathological examination of biopsy, was studied in 146 patients infected with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, in Bolivia and Peru. The most efficient parasite detecting technique appeared to be the smear examination in cutaneous lesions (33% positive) and the pathology in case of mucous lesions (28% positive). In both, cutaneous and mucous lesions, the parasites were found most frequently in old lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary renal carcinoid: computed tomography, ultrasound, and angiographic findings.

We present a rare case of primary renal carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the liver and kidneys. The tumor and the metastases were hypovascular angiographically, did not enhance on CT, and were hyperechoic with a hypoechoic halo on ultrasound. A similar pattern has been seen in a few cases previously reported in the literature.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of three in vacuo dessication procedures on bacterial cultures.

The paper presents results obtained for the bacterial cultures preservation (E. coli ATCC 25 922 and S. aureus Wood) by three in vacuo desiccation procedures: freeze-drying (lyophilization or cryo-desiccation at eutectic zone), cryo-desiccation above eutectic zone and direct drying. It has been in view: the survival of liquid cultures as reported to the desiccation procedure per se, the loss of viability of desiccated cultures stored in refrigerator for at least one year and the residual moisture of desiccated cultures. For 3 batches there has been applied the accelerated thermal degradation test. Employing the same protective medium for both cultures, E. coli cultures prove to be more easily affected by lyophilization and cryo-desiccation above eutectic zone as compared to S. aureus cultures, fact that may be due to the differences between the wall structures of G--bacteria and G+ bacteria, respectively. During storage, E. coli and S. aureus cultures proved a quite similar loss of viability. The residual moisture content was quite similar for both E. coli and S. aureus cultures exposed to the same in vacuo desiccation procedure. The lyophilization and the cryo-desiccation above eutectic zone, as compared to direct drying, yielded superior results. The accelerated thermal degradation test provides only informative results, partially confirmed by viable counts determined at stated intervals of storage time in the refrigerator.

Bacteriological Techniques↗