Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C David

Publications and source records attributed to C David.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a systematic approach to tobacco cessation in a community-based practice.

Studies suggest that the absence of a systematic approach is a barrier to the provision of tobacco cessation counseling services in clinical practice. A systematic intervention was shown to be feasible and effective at a faculty practice site. Our pilot study examined the feasibility of implementation at a community-based practice and assessed the effect of the tobacco cessation counseling system on our patients' smoking behavior. Systematic assessment (smoking status, "readiness to quit"), brief counseling at each visit, and follow-up (for those ready to quit) were provided by a physician and nurse team. Our results suggest that the office-based tobacco cessation counseling system can work in a community-based practice and is an effective strategy for helping smokers quit and in preparing to quit.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis isolates obtained from Bolivian and Peruvian patients.

Thirty-four Leishmania isolates obtained from Bolivian and Peruvian patients infected with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis using 10 enzymatic markers; all belonged to the subspecies L.b. braziliensis. Three isolates showed marked variation compared with the reference strain with respect to 5 or 6 enzymes. These variant isolates originated from patients with forms of the disease which were unresponsive to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Right subclavian artery aneurysms--role of CT.

Three patients with right subclavian artery aneurysms are presented. CT can be useful in making the diagnosis. It depicts the relationship of the aneurysm to the surrounding anatomical structures and displays intraluminal thrombotic material.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

General method to label antisense oligonucleotides with radioactive halogens for pharmacological and imaging studies.

Evaluation of oligonucleotides for biomedical applications requires different in vivo and in vitro approaches (pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, macro- and microimaging, metabolism,.), that are performed with different radioisotopes according to the temporal and spatial resolution needed. A method to introduce radioactive isotopes of halogens (fluorine, bromine, and iodine) in a small and stable molecule has been developed. Radiosynthons can then be conjugated with any given oligonucleotide in one step to create the appropriate radiotracer. This general radiolabeling procedure for oligonucleotides is efficient to synthesize (18)F-, (76)Br-, and (125)I-oligonucleotides for biological needs. Applications of the method to biodistribution, metabolism, in vivo and ex vivo imaging of (125)I- and (18)F-labeled oligonucleotides are reported.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. Part 1: Growth, reproductive performance and feed intake during the first lactation.

Fifty pure-bred Large White gilts were allocated to two feeding levels from 28 kg until service. They were fed a standard growing diet (13.4 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg; 18.1% crude protein, CP; 0.96% lysine) either to appetite (AP) or at 80% of the AP level (R). Growth rate was reduced by about 20% in R gilts, whereas feed conversion ratio was unaffected by rearing treatment. First oestrus was detected earlier in AP gilts (234 versus 247 d of age). At service, AP females had larger body weight (190 versus 150 kg) and thicker backfat (20.9 versus 13.4 mm). After service, the reproductive performances of 30 of these gilts were studied during the first reproductive cycle. All gilts received 2.6 kg/d of a standard diet (12.6 MJ DE/kg; 13.9% CP; 0.59% lysine) during pregnancy and were fed ad libitum a commercial lactation diet (13.1 MJ DE/kg; 17.1% CP; 0.90% lysine) from day five after farrowing. At farrowing, AP females were larger (257 versus 225 kg) and had more backfat (23.7 versus 17.4 mm) than R ones. Reproductive performance during the first lactation was not affected by rearing treatment, and weaning to oestrus interval was similar in both groups (4.8 d, on average). During lactation, R sows consumed significantly more feed (+650 g/d) and lost less backfat depth (1.5 versus 3.8 mm) than AP ones.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. Part 2: Effect on metabolite profiles during gestation and lactation, and on glucose tolerance.

Eighteen primiparous Large White sows were selected on d 104 of gestation. Animals had either high (AP) or reduced (R) level of body fatness, as a result of different feeding levels during rearing. A jugular catheter was surgically implanted under general anaesthesia and regular blood sampling, glucose tolerance and meal tests were performed. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), phosphorus and calcium were determined by radio-immune assay or enzymatic assay. Plasma concentration of urea increased with the progress of lactation, whereas NEFA decreased. Results of glucose tolerance and test meals suggested that animals with greater body reserves at farrowing were less tolerant to glucose than the lean ones. In addition, the higher NEFA level observed in AP animals also suggested that the level of body fatness at farrowing might be involved in the regulation of feed intake during lactation and could partially explain the lower spontaneous feed intake observed in these animals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, urea, insulin, cortisol and some mineral elements in the plasma of the primiparous sow before, during and after induced parturition.

The concentrations of selected metabolites, minerals and hormones relative to parturition were studied in 12 primiparous sows. Blood sampling was performed on day -5, 0 and +5 relative to the farrowing day. On the day of parturition (d 0), samples were taken every hour from 07.00 to 24.00 hours. All sows had an indwelling catheter in the jugular vein, and the evolution of glucose, insulin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (UEFA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and cortisol were studied. The concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and P were significantly higher at d 0 than at d -5 or d +5, whereas the Mg level was lower. During the expulsion of foetuses, NEFA and cortisol levels increased (+18 and +30%, respectively), and they decreased immediately after the birth of the last piglet, to reach the initial levels observed before farrowing (around 700 microEq.L-1 and 110 ng.mL-1, respectively). Glucose and insulin levels remained unchanged during the expulsion of the piglets (105 ng.dL-1 and 5 microIU.mL-1, respectively), but they both increased immediately after the birth of the last animal. During the expulsion of the foetuses, the Ca concentration remained unchanged (93 mg.L-1), whereas the P level increased (+9%) and the Mg concentration decreased (-7.4%). These data suggested that parturition induces large variations in the concentrations of plasma metabolites that may affect its normal process.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of MHC, Mls and TCR in immune tolerance.

MHC class II molecules and self antigens, such as Mls, influence T-cell selection by clonal deletion of potentially self-reactive T cells. In order to examine the role of various class II molecules in the T-cell receptor-self antigen interaction, class II transgenic and recombinant mice were analysed for TCR expression. Our studies indicate that the A alpha and E alpha chains can present Mls gene products for the clonal deletion of V beta 6-bearing T cells, and that the A alpha q chain is defective in this process. We have also shown that E alpha A beta heterodimer in transgenic and recombinant mice is expressed and functions to delete I-E reactive V beta llT cells, demonstrating again the role of the E alpha molecule.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertebral artery aneurysm--a unique hazard of head banging by heavy metal rockers. Case report.

A 15-year-old drummer in a neighborhood rock music band suffered a traumatic true aneurysm of the cervical vertebral artery from violent head and neck motion. He underwent excision of the aneurysm after distal and proximal ligation of the artery. He is neurologically normal 1 year after surgery. The mechanisms of injury caused by extremes of cervical motion, as well as 5 previously reported cases of extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm from closed trauma, are discussed. Excision of vertebral artery aneurysms in patients with emboli from a mural thrombus is recommended. The consequences of vertebral artery ligation and the indications for distal reconstruction are discussed.

Adolescent↗