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C D Dijkstra

Publications and source records attributed to C D Dijkstra.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Macrophages in the central nervous system of the rat.

In an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies, which exclusively recognize cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, and monoclonal antibodies against the Ia-antigen, we describe the occurrence of macrophages in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). In normal adult brain, no macrophages could be detected in the CNS parenchyma; only in the meninges and the choroid plexes were a few macrophages found. During ontogeny, numerous phagocytic cells infiltrated the CNS parenchyma; these cells which did not express Ia are blood-borne. About three weeks after birth, all macrophages had disappeared from the CNS. As microglia in adult and developing brain do not stain with the anti-macrophage antibodies, we suggest that microglial cells are not related to the mononuclear phagocyte system and do not have a hematogenous origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Macrophages and dendritic cells in antigen-induced arthritis. An immunohistochemical study using cryostat sections of the whole knee joint of rat.

Two non-lymphoid cell types play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, i.e. the 'classical' macrophage and the antigen-presenting dendritic cell. In the present study, the roles of both cell types are studied in antigen-induced arthritis of the rat knee joint. Cryostat sections of whole, unfixed, undecalcified knee joints were used for immunohistochemical staining of non-lymphoid cells and lymphocyte subsets. For the demonstration of the different types of non-lymphoid cells, monoclonal antibodies against rat macrophages (ED1, ED2, and ED3) and against Ia antigen were used with an immunoperoxidase method. The results show in an overall view of the arthritic joint the different sites of action of the classical macrophages on the one hand and the Ia-positive dendritic cells on the other. Classical macrophages were mainly found in the superficial layers of the synovium bordering joint space and articular cartilage. Dendritic cells and T cells of the helper phenotype were mainly found in clusters surrounding small blood vessels within the synovium. These clusters express the immunological background of the antigen-induced arthritis and may well be responsible for the continuation of the arthritic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Presence of Ia-positive cells in the central nervous system of the rat during various pathological conditions.

The rat central nervous system (CNS) was analyzed immunohistochemically during various pathological conditions by using monoclonal antibodies specific for rat T lymphocytes, rat macrophages and Ia antigen. It was found that in immunologically mediated disease infiltrating macrophages do express the Ia antigen, whereas in nonimmunologically mediated disease they do not. The results suggest that based on the composition of the mononuclear phagocyte infiltrate a clear distinction can be made between different inflammatory reaction types within the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Quantitation of intraglomerular mononuclear phagocytes in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using specific monoclonal antibodies.

Intraglomerular mononuclear phagocytes were quantitated, in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and in animals with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, using recently described specific monoclonal antibodies (ED1, ED2, ED3) and a 4-layer immunoperoxidase technique. Results obtained with the immunoperoxidase technique were compared with estimates of glomerular mononuclear cellularity based upon glomerular histochemistry and glomerular cell culture. Normal animals (n = 12) had no significant glomerular mononuclear phagocyte population by immunoperoxidase [0.01 macrophages per glomerular cross section (MO/gcs)], histochemistry (+0.2 +/- 0.1 staining intensity) or glomerular cell culture [0.10 +/- 0.02 MO/glomerulus (MO/glom)]. Evolution of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was associated with a progressive rise in glomerular mononuclear phagocyte infiltration using all three techniques. Immunoperoxidase staining (ED1) at the time of maximal macrophage infiltration of glomeruli revealed 6.21 +/- 1.78 MO/gcs (n = 12) using the ED1 macrophage marker. This correlated with histochemical (+3.8 +/- 0.2 staining intensity) and glomerular cell culture (17.6 +/- 4.5 MO/glom) estimates of the glomerular mononuclear phagocyte population. In addition, significant numbers of intraglomerular monocytes possessed the ED2 and ED3 macrophage differentiation antigens (0.82 +/- 0.41 and 0.24 +/- 0.15 MO/gcs respectively). Thus these specific monoclonal antibodies provide a reliable and readily reproducible means for the quantitation of intraglomerular mononuclear phagocytes. In addition, they provide evidence for intraglomerular macrophage differentiation in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics and functional aspects of nonlymphoid cells in rat germinal centers, recognized by two monoclonal antibodies ED5 and ED6.

In this study two newly developed monoclonal antibodies, ED5 and ED6, are described, which specifically recognize nonlymphoid cells in B cell follicles of spleen and lymph nodes. Enzyme and immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that ED5 and ED6 stain two different types of reticulum cells. The staining patterns were compared with those of the monoclonal antibody Ox2. ED5+ cells are able to retain immune complexes and are considered to be the follicular dendritic cell; in contrast ED6+ lack this capacity. Peyer's patches contain many ED6+ and Ox2+ cells but are completely devoid of ED5+ cells. After the application of immunomodulatory agents, like X-irradiation, cyclophosphamide and lipopolysaccharide, ED5+ and ED6+ cells remain detectable. The nature of the new type of dendritic reticulum cell in lymphoid follicles, recognized by ED6, is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

The early postnatal development of the primary immune response in TNP-KLH-stimulated popliteal lymph node in the rat.

The popliteal lymph nodes were removed from young rats of various ages five days after a single immunization with TNP-KLH in the hind footpads. Cryostat sections of the lymph nodes were investigated by means of enzyme- and immunohistochemical techniques at the light-microscopical level. The presence and localization of anti-TNP antibody-containing cells were examined using a new technique to visualize specific antibodies. Moreover, the development of the lymph nodes following exogenous antigenic stimulation was compared with that of unstimulated lymph nodes. Specific antibody-containing cells could not be found before day 15 after birth, in rats immunized at day 10. From that time these lymphoid cells were located primarily at the border between cortex and medulla. Younger popliteal lymph nodes showed only aspecific immunoglobulin-containing lymphoid cells. With age, the number of specific antibody-containing cells tended to increase. These cells were more mature, according to morphological criteria and were located nearer the medulla. The first primary follicles were seen at day 19, as was the case in unstimulated animals. The first secondary follicles, containing germinal centers, were detected at day 23, whereas in unstimulated popliteal lymph nodes they were never found. Trapping of immune complexes could not be demonstrated before day 33 after birth. The later appearance of this phenomenon might be a consequence of the techniques applied to demonstrate specific antibody-containing cells.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

The origin of osteoclasts: an immunohistochemical study on macrophages and osteoclasts in embryonic rat bone.

The origin of osteoclasts was studied in embryonic rat bone primordia using a set of monoclonal antibodies (ED1, ED2, and ED3) that exclusively recognize monocytes and macrophage. ED1 recognizes monocytes and macrophages. Mononuclear phagocytes which were ED1 positive were found in the perichondrium/periosteum of developing bone. These cells started to infiltrate the primordia when the cartilage became hypertrophic. During bone formation, multinucleated ED1-positive cells with the morphological characteristics of osteoclasts were found in the developing bone marrow cavity and against the bone collar. The present findings support the notion that osteoclasts arise by fusion of mononuclear phagocytes derived from blood monocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistological analysis of macrophages in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Inflammatory cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry, utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell subsets, B cells, Ia-positive cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in cryostat sections of central nervous system of Lewis rats, sacrificed during the course of actively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The present study provides interesting information about the presence and distribution of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in this immunologically mediated disease. Using these monoclonal antibodies different subpopulations of macrophages having varying distribution patterns in the central nervous system can be recognized.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Marginal zone of the spleen and the development and localization of specific antibody-forming cells against thymus-dependent and thymus-independent type-2 antigens.

In order to study the precise localization pattern of anti-TNP antibody-forming cells (AFCs) during the early primary immune response against TNP conjugated TD (thymus-dependent) and TI-2 (thymus-independent type-2) antigens, rats received an intravenous injection with either TNP-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or with TNP-Ficoll. Anti-TNP AFCs developed in the spleen already at 2 days after injection of the antigens as demonstrated with our immunoenzyme technique for the detection of specific AFCs. In order to obtain information on the relationship between the non-lymphoid cells in the marginal zone (MZ) and the localization of AFCs, simultaneous staining for marginal metallophils and MZ macrophages (MZM) was performed using the monoclonal antibody ED3. AFCs were not found in the marginal zone (MZ), but the bulk of the cells in the white pulp were found in the outer part of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS) close to the border between PALS and MZ. The precise localization of the anti-TNP AFCs in the outer part of the PALS resembled the localization of marginal metallophils but the latter cells were mainly present in the outer part of the follicles. So, the present results did not indicate a close relationship between marginal zone macrophages or marginal metallophils and anti-TNP AFCs, neither in the immune response to TD antigens nor in that to T1-2 antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rat thymus macrophages: an immunohistochemical study on fetal, neonatal and adult thymus.

The pre- and postnatal development of the macrophage population of rat thymus is investigated applying enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, both on tissue sections and cell suspensions. A set of three monoclonal antibodies (ED1, ED2 and ED3), each of which recognizes cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in the rat, enabled us to distinguish between macrophages in the various compartments of the thymus. The medulla is characterized by ED1-positive dendritic cells, the corticomedullary region comprises numerous monocyte-like ED1-positive macrophages and the cortex contains a particular subpopulation of branched ED2-positive macrophages. Both the medullary dendritic cells and the cortical branched cells show Ia-membrane staining. ED3-positive cells are only occasionally present. During fetal life ED1-positive monocyte-like macrophages and dendritic cells are present. Just after birth ED2-positive cortical macrophages start to develop. Their number increases strongly during the first week after birth. The role of the various subpopulations of thymic macrophages is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The postnatal development of cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node. An immunohistochemical study.

The postnatal development of the various cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node was investigated applying enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. From birth, T-lymphocytes and interdigitating cells were demonstrable. During the development of the young lymph node, T-lymphocytes of the helper phenotype outnumbered the T-cells with a suppressor phenotype; they account for approximately 70% and 30% of all T-lymphocytes, respectively. At the very first day of postnatal life, post-capillary venules were already present. B-lymphocytes occurred later than T-cells during ontogeny; they were found on the second day after birth, most of them being IgM- or IgG-bearing lymphocytes. The first primary follicles occurred at day 18 and contained principally membrane-stained IgM cells and, to a lesser extent, membrane-stained IgG cells. The appearance of follicular dendritic cells correlated with the formation of primary follicles. With respect to the macrophages, it appeared that the ED1- and ED3-positive subpopulations were present with a similar distributional pattern as seen in adults, but in considerably lower numbers. The expression of ED2, however, showed a sudden increase in the third week of life. Findings of the present study are discussed in relation to those obtained in other investigations dealing with the ontogenetic development of lymphoid organs.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of pulmonary macrophages and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) macrophages in the rat. An enzyme-cytochemical and immunocytochemical study.

Three subpopulations of macrophages present in the lung, viz. pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM), pulmonary tissue macrophages (PTM), and macrophages in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), were compared using enzyme-cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. BALT macrophages can be distinguished from PAM and PTM on the basis of their enzyme reaction products. With three monoclonal antibodies, ED1, ED2, and ED3, that recognize different antigen determinants of rat macrophages, the three subpopulations could be clearly distinguished. PAM are ED1-positive and PTM are ED2-positive. The macrophage subpopulation scattered throughout BALT is ED1-positive; macrophages situated at the peripheral site of BALT, near artery and bronchus, are ED2-positive. No ED3-positive macrophages were observed either in the lung or in BALT. These results are discussed with respect to the possible relationship between the subpopulations of pulmonary macrophages.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1985

The heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphoid organs: distinct macrophage subpopulations in the rat recognized by monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 and ED3.

In the present study, a set of three monoclonal antibodies is described, each of which recognizes cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in the rat. The tissue distribution, in particular in lymphoid organs, of each of the three monoclonals is determined by immunoenzyme histochemistry on cryostat sections, as well as on cell suspensions. Results show that ED1 recognizes a cytoplasmic antigen in monocytes and in most macrophages, free and fixed. ED2 and ED3 recognize membrane antigens of tissue macrophages, discriminating between distinct subpopulations of macrophages, each with a characteristic localization in the compartments of lymphoid organs. No other cell types except cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are positive for any of the three monoclonals. Possible relations between the macrophages recognized by this set of monoclonals and dendritic cells are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Marginal zone macrophages identified by a monoclonal antibody: characterization of immuno- and enzyme-histochemical properties and functional capacities.

In the present study, the non-lymphoid cell of the marginal zone is described: the marginal zone macrophage, identified by a monoclonal antibody, ERTR9. The characteristics of these cells were investigated by use of a two-step immunoperoxidase method (on light and ultrastructural level) in combination with enzyme-cytochemical techniques and functional tests. The marginal zone macrophage appears to be a large cell with close contacts between its cell processes and surrounding marginal zone B cells, and with a well-developed phagocytic capacity. These ERTR9-positive macrophages are capable of selective uptake and retention of i.v. injected FITC-Ficoll and are negative for Ia antigen as well as for the macrophage-related F4/80 antigen. By these characteristics, they constitute a subpopulation of non-lymphoid cells of spleen unique for the marginal zone.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The ontogenetic development of the follicular dendritic cell. An ultrastructural study by means of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP complexes as marker.

After intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP complexes in 21-day-old rats, complex trapping occurs on reticulum cells, forming the stroma of primary follicles of spleens. After intravenous injection of the same complexes in young adult rats (48 days old), trapping occurs on characteristic follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) located in well-developed germinal centers. These results strongly suggest that the follicular dendritic cell originates from a reticulum cell.

Aging↗