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Biomedical subjects

C Cole

Publications and source records attributed to C Cole.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Red-cell transport defect in patients with cystic fibrosis and in their parents.

The ouabain-sensitive and the ethacrynic acid-sensitive sodium efflux from erythrocytes of patients with cystic fibrosis are both decreased. Furthermore, the ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity is diminished in the red blood cell ghosts of these patients. Perhaps of greater significance is the fact that ethacrynic acid-sensitive sodium efflux is clearly diminished in the erythrocytes of the asymptomatic parents of these sick children. This defect in sodium transport may be valuable for detecting the heterozygous carrier state.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low dosages of exogenous growth hormone and its effect on growth in an animal model of suboptimal nutrition.

In a previous study, weight gain, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were increased in rats fed suboptimal levels of energy and administered 0.1 mg/100 g of body weight of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Our objective was to determine whether these anabolic effects were still obtained with lower dosages of rhGH in similarly fed rats. Three groups of male, prepubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were administered rhGH and three groups of similar rats were given normal saline solution daily (0.05 mg/100 g of body weight subcutaneously). All rats were fed a balanced 1:1 carbohydrate:fat ratio diet for 4 wk. Restricted rats within each treatment were pair fed 80% and 60% ad libitum. Daily body weight, food intake, and efficiency were recorded. After 4 wk, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, body fat, fat-free mass, and total body water were determined. Total weight gain and serum IGFBP-3 were significantly higher, with a tendency for increased body fat, in rats treated with rhGH and fed at 60% ad libitum. However, within each treatment, energy restriction caused decreased body fat and total body water. These results suggest that lower dosages of rhGH provide anabolic effects during suboptimal energy intake.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of deletions in DNA from patients with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder for which the biochemical defect is as yet unknown. Recently, two cloned segments of human X-chromosome DNA have been described which detect structural alterations within or near the genetic locus responsible for the disorder. Both of these cloned segments were described as tightly linked to the locus and were capable of detecting deletions in the DNA of boys affected with DMD. In an attempt to determine more precisely the occurrence of these deletions within a large population of DMD patients and the accuracy of one of the segments, DXS164 (pERT87), in determining the inheritance of the DMD X chromosome, the subclones 1, 8 and 15 were made available to many investigators throughout the world. Here we describe the combined results of more than 20 research laboratories with respect to the occurrence of deletions at the DXS164 locus in DNA samples isolated from patients with DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). The results indicate that the DXS164 locus apparently recombines with DMD 5% of the time, but is probably located between independent sites of mutation which yield DMD. The breakpoints of some deletions are delineated within the DXS164 locus, and it is evident that the deletions at the DMD locus are frequent and extremely large.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breastfeeding and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To critically review research on adolescent infant-feeding decision-making and breastfeeding experiences. DATA SOURCES: Articles published between 1980 and 1999 on breastfeeding, infant feeding, and adolescence were located using CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycLit databases. STUDY SELECTION: English language research dealing with the subject was chosen. DATA EXTRACTION: Study findings were categorized: incidence of breastfeeding among adolescent mothers, physiologic aspects of lactation among teens, nonpregnant adolescents' breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes, factors related to infant-feeding decisions, and the adolescent breastfeeding experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most studies were descriptive in nature, with only two intervention studies published. Studies indicated that adolescents breastfeed less often than adults; teen mothers' breast milk is comparable to adults'; nonpregnant, pregnant, and delivered teens hold positive and negative attitudes toward breastfeeding that influence decision-making; and the breastfeeding teen has positive and negative experiences, some of which appear unique to her social situations and developmental level. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable data on infant-feeding attitudes and decision-making among teens. Intervention research is indicated to improve breastfeeding initiation and duration. Further research is needed on actual infant feeding experiences of teens. Finally, descriptive research to identify health care professionals' beliefs and practices related to teens' choice and maintenance of breastfeeding is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accelerated insulin degradation: an alternate mechanism for insulin resistance.

We have examined insulin and glucagon degrading activities of muscle and fat tissues in 11 subjects (4 lean controls, 3 insulin-resistant obese subjects, 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, and 2 insulin-treated diabetic subjects) and correlated degrading activity with (1) basal insulin level and (2) state of insulin resistance. We found hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance to be significantly correlated with accelerated insulin and glucagon degrading activity. Weight reduction in an insulin-resistant obese patients results in parallel reduction in both basal insulin level and insulin-glucagon degrading activity. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that an alternative mechanism for insulin resistance may be an accelerated insulin degradation at the level of target tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗