Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Claussen.
Dynamic (serial) computed tomography was carried out in 16 patients with pancreatic tumours. In 11 patients, dynamic CT showed decreased enhancement of the tumour compared with normal pancreatic parenchyma, so that the hypodense tumour could be delineated from the surrounding parenchyma. The increased density gradient lead to visualisation of the tumour.
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The validity of two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) and computed tomography (CT) in the detection of intra- and paracardial tumors and thrombi was compared in 32 patients: 7 endocardial myxomas, 1 left ventricular fibroma, 2 paracardial cysts, 1 paracardial tumor, and 21 thrombi. In 16 cases intraoperative findings served as a control. The 2-D echo is easier to handle and free of radiation of contrast media. CT can visualize cardiac tumors independently of their location, whereas 2-D echo sometimes insufficiently images paracardial and right ventricular structures. It must be considered an advantage that 2-D echo detects mobile tumors such as those attached to valves, which the CT will not show. The tissue involved is more likely to be characterized by CT, although results are unreliable. However, in all cases tumors could be differentiated from thrombi by means of additional diagnostic criteria, such as the pattern of wall motion or valve motion. 2-D echo and CT therefore appear to be complementary methods rather than competitive ones. Invasive diagnostic procedures are required only to answer particular questions, e.g., concerning the coronary arteries.
The analysis of the thorax and the vessel system adjacent to the heart of different individuals seems to indicate that a fitting of an artificial heart before the operation should be done. A tailoring of the arterial and atrial connectors seems necessary. Computer graphics using CT-scans as a basis render all the required information and a comprehensible view of the vessel system. Future developments should improve the practicability of the system and make use of modern 3-dimensional viewing techniques already there for application.
Seventy-seven patients with back pain and suspected disc prolapse were examined by computer tomography, and 41 have in addition myelograms. In 26 patients surgery was performed. The accuracy of computer tomography in the diagnosis of disc prolapse was greater than 86%, with additional myelography it was greater than 95%. Difficulties in diagnosis using computer tomography were encountered with recurrent disc prolapses. CT of the disc should be performed with a high resolution scanner using a slice thickness of 2 mm before myelography is considered. Definitely abnormal CT findings make myelography unnecessary.
Serial computer tomography after intravenous bolus injection of contrast provides information concerning the vascularity of tumours in the facial skeleton. In addition the relationship of the tumour to the major vessels and their displacement or compression can be demonstrated. This provides information additional to the ordinary computer tomogram, so that neoplasms of the facial skeleton can be shown at various stages and their extent determined. A requirement for the use of serial CT is a scanner with a short scan time and scan interval.
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The problem of ethinylestradiol sulphonate excretion in human milk was qualitatively and quantitatively studied. In two women 0.0012 or 0.03000 per cent of total radioactivity were detected within the first nine days from application. Parallel thin-layer chromatography revealed the occurrence of ethinyloestradiol sulphonate in both its depot form and as ethinylestradiol.
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A menisceal lesion can be proved preoperatively by arthrography. Looking for a non-invasive examination we tried to visualize the meniscus by means of ultrasound. Besides procedure-hints first results with this method are presented.
The testes of about 50 patients were examined by ultrasound, using a water immersion technique. Immersion sonography provides an excellent and anatomically detailed demonstration of the male genitalia. Intrascrotal fluid collections, extra- and intratesticular solid lesions and inflammatory processes can be accurately differentiated. The method is suitable for showing the size, shape and extent of a scrotal lesion. In many cases the echo pattern can provide information concerning the pathological changes of these organs.
The value of computer tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of diastematomyelia (DM) was studied in our own clinical material. Thirty-one patients with congenital spinal anomalies were examined; in 21 a DM could be demonstrated. CT has two major advantages in the radiological investigation of spinal abnormalities, such as spinal dysraphism and DM: 1. Cross sections of the spinal canal can be obtained without overlying opacities and 2. The demonstration of intraspinal soft tissues structures, corresponding to their attenuation characteristics and the relative differences in absorption of the x-rays.
The hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia, commonly known as "Rendu-Osler-Weber" disease, is a relatively seldom found affection manifesting itself by the formations of localized arteriovenous capillary connections which are tiny arteriovenous fistulas. They are found in the skin, the mucous membranes and in nearly all organs of the body. The diseases is transmitted by a dominant character. Affections of the lung can be seen in 89% of the cases (1). In the following paper five exemplary cases are to show that the simple radiological method of the roentgenogram of the thorax taken in the frontal projection and in the lateral view, assisted by the conventional tomography in most cases will bring the last diagnosis. In the differential diagnosis nodules in the lung can be delimited by the connecting arteries and veins.
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This paper tries to demonstrate the diagnostic possibilities and limitations of CT in the facial skeleton. Our results stem from the examination of benign and malignant processes in 250 patients. This paper should demonstrate the different characteristics of the pictures obtained by CT and conventional polytomography. The main purpose of CT is not the diagnosis of fractures - here pluridirectional tomography is far superior - but the demonstration of space-occupying processes of benign and malignant tumours. CT cannot presently be applied to the investigation of different histopathological lesions.
The data of 70 patients with a malignant thoracic space-occupying process were compared in order to find out the differences between computed tomography and conventional X-ray diagnosis (thorax radiography, hilum tomography), the radiotherapeutic aspects of these methods being taken under special consideration. Computed tomography is excellently suited for the establishment of therapeutic schemes because it is the only technique producing individual cross-sectional views of the thorax which are in correct scale and have a high resolving power. Contrary to thorax radiography and hilum shadow, the computed tomography offers some additional diagnostic information in several special fields.
For the detection of the finest changes in bone structure--like arrosions, porotic alterations, small fracture and fissure lines--computed tomography (CT) is yet surpassed by X-ray tomography: The current resolving power of CT is smaller, our Delta Scanner's layer thickness of 13mm is too large. Nevertheless, the advantages of CT in fronto-basal injuries augment essentially the diagnostic possibilities: with few layers and without great problems in setting projections, most of the possible injuries may be easily surveyed. The traumatized patient ist only minimally discomforted by the whole-body scanner. The lens dose is far less than the values of X-ray tomography reaches. Dislocated fracture fragments, brain traumatisation with and without hemorrhage, defects of the cribriform plate with concimitant brain prolaps, trauma of intraorbital structures, injuries to the nasal cavity and paranasal injuries may easily be detected. These findings influence importantly the surgical intervention and enable one to set up a planning of time and intercollegiate treatment. The postoperative care ist improved and inflammatory complications may be pointed out. In diagnosis of frontobasal injuries we therefore recommand: 1. X-ray survey and eventually X-ray radiograms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 2. Computed-tomography (CT). 3. For fine detailed study of bone structures like fissures and smalles fractures X-ray tomography will still remain indispensable.