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Biomedical subjects

C Chastel

Publications and source records attributed to C Chastel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Can arboviruses from seabird colonies in Brittany infect man?].

Four tick-borne arboviruses circulate heavily and permanently among the seabirds colonies located along the coasts of Brittany: Soldado, Zaliv Terpeniya, Avalon and a member of Tyuleniy subgroup of flaviviruses. In order to appreciate the ability of these viruses to infect man, the authors studied for antibodies the sera of farmers living in South-Finistere, in the vicinity of Cape Sizun seabirds reserve. Antibodies were actually found on 14 of 474 farmers, or 3.0 per cent, substantiating the reality of infection by these agents. The possible mechanisms of the contamination and the eventual pathologic results of these viral infections are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Surgery of acute cholecystitis in patients 80 years of age or older].

In 17 Belgian surgical centers, 324 operations have been performed for acute cholecystitis in patients 80 years of age or older. In this group of patients: 1. The incidence of acute cholecystitis is hardly higher in women than in men. 2. The patients were operated within 24 hours of admission in 38% of cases. The main bile duct was surgically explored in 1/3 of patients. Cholecystostomy or simple drainage were used in 1/10 of cases only. 3. Operative mortality was 19%. It was higher for patients operated as emergencies than for delayed operations and higher also when the cholecystectomy was associated with an exploration of the bile duct. The ideal treatment for such patients should thus be a cholecystectomy with an endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Implantation of a cardiac pacemaker in the octogenarian].

Thirteen centres, specialized in pacemakers and studying the implantation, brought together their material. Consequently, 785 patients living with a pacemaker (PM) were grouped. The average age at the time of the first implantation is 83,5 years old. The mortality of 7.5% as well as the morbidity of 16% lie very low. Nevertheless, their causes are discussed and compared to those resulting from other types of surgical pathologies on the octogenarian. It seems that the implantation of a PM, even on a person of 80 or older, is an efficient therapeutic gesture, benign and capable of normalizing the chances and quality of life on a long term basis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Arterial thrombosis of the lower limb in patients over 80 years of age. Belgian multicentric experience concerning 802 patients].

This report concerns a joint study of fourteen centres about the treatment of arterial occlusion of the low extremity. Eight hundred and two patients older than 80 years have been studied during a period from 1 to 27 years. The operative mortality was 25.2%. There was no significant difference in mortality between emergency cases and those patients who were operated under elective conditions. Leg amputations are followed by a significant higher mortality than more conservative surgery such as arterial by-pass, sympathectomy or embolectomy. The most frequent cause of death was from cardiopulmonar origin (57%). The postoperative morbidity of cardiac, pulmonary, urinary or infectious origin was frequent (50%). Surgical complications in the true sence of the word are quite rare and their frequency is limited to 7%. The conclusion of this study is that conservative surgery such as reascularisation or sympathectomy is, whenever possible, to be preferred over amputation not only because of their lower mortality (13 to 19%) but also since they permit better revalidation of these elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Accidental localized vaccinia. A report of six recent cases (author's transl)].

Vaccination against smallpox should be discontinued in all countries except for individuals with a high risk of exposure (WHO, 1980). Since this vaccination is performed less and less often, one must expect complications to occur, the etiology of which may not be recognized. This course of events leads the authors to point out the difficulties in diagnosis and therapy of localized accidental vaccinia encountered in six patients hospitalized in Brest (1971-1979). Diagnosis is considered if the patient himself, or a person he came in contact with, was recently vaccinated. Diagnosis should always be established by virology. Such accidents can be avoided by a faultless vaccination technique and by giving sufficient information to the inoculated subject or to his relatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dissociated impairment of neutrophil functions and recurrent infections.

This report concerns the study of a 43-year-old woman with a four-year history of recurrent infection caused primarily by staphylococci. The patient was treated with various antibiotic combinations without long-term success. We found phagocytosis, directed migration and the capacity to kill Staphylococcus aureus to be impaired; the capacity to adhere to nylon fibre was normal, the non-quantitative NBT reduction test was unaffected and we were unable to detect any humoral abnormality (e.g. in complement or immunoglobulins). The dissociated impairment of neutrophil functions was clearly improved by levamisole.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Ocular herpes simplex in children (author's transl)].

A series of 38 children with ocular herpes simplex infection is reported. The follow-up periods ranged between 1 and 10 years after the first ocular herpetic involvement. The primary ocular infection occurred in most cases between 2 and 6 years of age, with a similar rate in males and females. The number of recurrences increased with the duration of the follow-up period: during the first 2 years, recurrences developed in 50% of cases and after 2 years, all the children had new herpetic ocular attacks. Idoxuridine treatment failures were found in 11 cases of herpetic superficial keratitis. Ocular herpes simplex in children is a major cause of visual loss and disability. After a follow-up period of 5 years, 75% of patients with herpetic keratitis had a visual acuity of 5/10 or less.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The use of scanning electron microscopy in the study of haemagglutination induced by various arboviruses.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study haemagglutination by 10 arboviruses belonging to the Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae families. The pictures obtained did not allow to clarify the precise mechanism of haemagglutination by these viruses. The data suggest that no fundamental differences exist in the mechanism of haemagglutination between these two arbovirus families.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Autochtonous kala-azar (author's transl)].

Kala-Azar or visceral "leishmanisis" is a Mediterranean parasitosis. Outside this area, the reported cases concern children having lived in an endemic area. Real autochtonous Kala-Azar is really exceptional in France. The authors report a case in a 18 month-old child, who had never left the city of Brest. The authors study similar observations in the literature, including an analysis of the different modes of transmission in such cases.

Animals↗