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Biomedical subjects

C Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to C Bianchi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Is Fleming's lysozyme an analgesic agent? An experimental reappraisal of clinical data.

Hen egg white lysozyme (Fleming's lysozyme) was tested for antinociceptive activity in rats against foot hyperalgesia provoked by a subplantar injection of a number of irritants: arachidonic acid, brewer's yeast, carrageenan, kaolin, mepartricin and rabbit anti-rat serum (Randall-Selitto method). The compound was active when given p.o., i.m. or i.v. (100-200-400 mg/kg) as well as when injected locally in the foot pad concurrently with the irritant (1-2-4 mg/rat). Lysozyme decreased the sensitivity of the inflamed paw to the nociceptive stimulation, left unmodified the sensitivity of the normal paw and did not reduce the oedema of the inflamed paw. It differed in its activity from steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and from central analgesics that were used as standard reference drugs. Its activity was not shared by hen egg white and ovalbumin. Contrary to dextran, lysozyme i.p. did not induce anaphylactoid reactions. Lysozyme did not provoke tolerance and did not interfere with the antinociceptive activity of morphine. The results are in agreement with clinical data published years ago. Lysozyme was claimed to be an active agent against herpes zoster and cancer pain.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1981

Melanosis cerebelli.

Melanosis cerebelli (melanic pigmentation involving the dentate nuclei and the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex) is described in three patients, aged between 72 and 99 years. In two cases atrophic changes of the Alzheimer type co-existed in the cerebral cortex. One patient had a history of tremors, possibly cerebellar in origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Antibody-induced foot oedema, hyperalgesia and monoarticular arthritis in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits for testing anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic agents.

To develop a simple and convenient test based on immunologic events that can be used for testing anti-inflammatory antiarthritic drugs, experiments were performed on rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats. A monoarticular arthritis was provoked injecting a knee joint with: (a) ovalbumin or bovin serum albumin (BSA) in immunized rabbits (active immunization); (b) rabbit anti-BSA serum in rabbits previously treated i.v. with BSA (passive immunization); (c) rabbit anti-guinea-pig or anti-rat serum in normal guinea-pigs and rats. The diameter of the joint was measured with a caliper. The development of the joint swelling was found to be favourably influenced by anti-inflammatory drugs given orally or intra-articularly. The test was considered suitable but not practical for testing a large number of compounds. Foot oedema and hyperalgesia were provoked by injecting rabbit anti-rat serum into the food pad of normal rats. Volume and sensitivity to a nociceptive stimulation (compression) were determined. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and miscellaneous drugs were tested orally in a preventive-type schedule of treatment. The test was found suitable for testing large number of compounds. The results were compared to the results obtained testing the same compounds against foot oedema and hyperalgesia provoked by carrageenan. Some of the drugs tested modified foot swelling and hyperalgesia differently in the two experimental models of inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and acetylcholine from striatal slices: a mass fragmentographic study.

The release processes of endogenous Acetylcholine (ACh), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (GLN) were studied in superfused guinea-pig caudatal slices. Basal ACh release remained constant for up to 2 h, while the basal release of GABA, Glu and GLN declined to half or less of its initial values after 1 h of superfusion. Electrical stimulation increased the ACh release by 700-800% and that of GABA by 80% whereas it decreased the output of Glu by 50% and failed to modify the GLN efflux. KCl (25 nM) increased the output of ACh by 400%, that of GABA by approximately 500% and decreased that of Glu by 40%. Substituting of CaCl(2) by MgCl(2) in the superfusion medium reduced the basal efflux of GABA, Glu and GLN. Under these conditions, no evoked release of ACh or of GABA was detected, following electrical or KCl stimulation. Tetrodotoxin 5 x 10(-7) decreased the basal ACh release by 60% and increased the GABA efflux by 40%. The toxin abolished the stimulus-evoked ACh efflux but scarcely affected that of GABA. These results are consistent with a possible neurotransmitter role of ACh and GABA in the striatum and show some differences in the ionic mechanisms underlying GABA and ACh release.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Changes in synaptosomal high affinity choline uptake following electrical stimulation of guinea-pig cortical slices: effect of atropine and physostigmine.

1 Superfused guinea-pig cortical slices were electrically stimulated at different frequencies and the changes in acetylcholine (ACh) content measured. Synaptosomes were prepared at the end of the stimulation period and high affinity choline uptake (HACU) rate was measured. 2 The effect of increasing KC1 concentrations was compared on ACh content of the slices and on synaptosomal HACU. 3 Electrical stimulation (2, 5, 10, 20 Hz) elicited a frequency-dependent linear increase in synaptosomal HACU rate and a decrease in ACh content of the slices. 4 The addition of atropine (1.5 x 10(-8) M) to the slices enhanced and that of physostigmine (3 x 10(-5) M) reduced the frequency-dependent increase in HACU rate. Atropine (1.5 x 10(-6) M) not only antagonized the effect of physostigmine, but the HACU rate measured after treatment with both drugs was larger than that found after atropine alone. 5 These results indicate that in the cortical cholinergic nerve endings, depolarization caused by electrical stimulation is coupled with an increase in choline transport which can be modulated by the addition of atropine or physostigmine. Furthermore, within given experimental conditions a linear relationship exists between the reciprocal of ACh content in the slices and synaptosomal HACU.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Asbestos exposure in the Monfalcone area. A social and pathological study of 100 autopsy cases.

Monfalcone is a coastal town with important shipyards. In the present investigation hyalin pleural plaques, lung asbestos bodies, and occupational history were studied in 100 consecutive autopsy cases, collected at the hospital of Monfalcone. Pleural plaques were observed in 72% of males and in 33% of females. Asbestos bodies were found after chemical digestion of pulmonary tissue in 94 cases, and an approximate estimation of their amount showed high or very high numbers in 39 cases. Occupational history, obtained from patients' relatives, was suggestive of occupational asbestos exposure in 60 cases, with 37 subjects having worked in the shipyards. Thirteen other patients had had a probable domestic exposure to asbestos. The severity of asbestos exposure in the Monfalcone area is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Instrumentation and methods in policardiography (author's transl)].

Although policardiography has been in use for more than a century, only recently attention has been focused on instrumental and methodological problems of the technique. Among these, frequency response and time constant of the equipment are in first place. Time constant must be long enough to allow an accurate recording of the low and ultra-low frequency vibrations which are generated in the cardio-aorto-hemic system, in particular of those constituting the carotid pulse and the apexcardiogram. The authors stress the influence that incidental air leaks in the recording assembly, or type and size of the pickup device, have on the value of the time constant. Kinetocardiography seems preferable to apexcardiography in order to reproduce with higher fidelity absolute movements of the anterior thoracic wall in every single point.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1981

[Experience with intravenous amiodarone in hyperkinetic supraventricular arrhythmias].

The Authors tested the effectiveness of amiodarone hydrochloride i.v. in 50 cases of supraventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias recently aroused. 50 patients, aged 41 to 85 years, with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT, 21 cases), atrial flutter (7 cases) or fibrillation (22 cases) were treated with 4 mg/Kg of body weight of amiodarone i.v. over 2 min., followed by other 1500 mg/24 hours over 48 hours while amiodarone per os was started for antiarrhythmic prophylaxis; a 12 leads surface ECG and blood pressure were periodically recorded. The sinus rhythm was restored within 3 hours in every case of PSVT (100% of success), within 30 hours in 19 cases of atrial fibrillation (86% of success) and in 5 cases of atrial flutter (71% of success). A slowing down of ventricular frequency ranging from 15 to 40% occurred within 10 min. in case of failure of restoration of sinus rhythm; a slight and transient lengthening of P-R occurred in 1 case; no particular side effects nor noteworthy changes of blood pressure were observed. Amiodarone i.v. proved to be a very effective remedy, handy and well tolerated for the arrhythmias considered above.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of haloperidol and pimozide on acetylcholine output from the cerebral cortex in rats and guinea pigs.

The effect of haloperidol, pimozide and amphetamine on acetylcholine (ACh) output from the cerebral cortex was investigated in unanaesthetized, freely moving and urethane-anaesthetized rats and guinea pigs. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) decreased ACh output only in the anaesthetized rats and increased it only in unanaesthetized guinea pigs. Pimozide (1 mg/kg i.p.) stimulated ACh output in unanaesthetized rats and guinea pigs and anaesthetized guinea pigs, but not in anaesthetized rats. Amphetamine (1 mg/kg i.p.) in all cases, stimulated ACh output. In rats with a septal lesion, the effect of amphetamine on ACh output was suppressed but that of pimozide was still present.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

Ring chromosome and latent centromeres.

A ring 12 chromosome was found in a male child with minor phenotypic alterations. No obvious loss of chromosome material was detected. Since there is no other case of a ring 12 in the literature, it was not possible to determine whether the phenotype was due to (invisible) terminal deletions or to karyotypic variation. In lymphocyte cultures 9% of the cells had either no or two rings, but the patient's RBC had normal activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase B and peptidase B, whose loci are located on the proximal portions of 12p and 12q, respectively. Dicentric rings were found in 37 cells, and all had two active centromeres, in contrast with the relatively frequent finding of latent centromeres in translocated dicentric autosomes. Two latent centromeres were found in one tricentric "rod-shaped" open ring 12, probably derived from a tetracentric ring. It is postulated that latent centromeres are rare in ring chromosomes because, if consistent suppression of centromeres in excess of one took place at each duplication, rings with four, eight, or more centromeres would be formed rather frequently, which is not the case.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

[Fluorescein angiography. Why not in color? (author's transl)].

The Author reminds the possibility to record fluorescein angiography with normal filters in use for black and white angiography on color slide films of high sensibility (400 ASA). The main advantage of this method is that the real fluorescein may be separated from the autofluoresceine and that whole registered frames can be immediately projected on the screen, for example during a laser therapy.

Color↗