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Biomedical subjects

C Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to C Bianchi.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Glycine-induced changes in acetylcholine release from guinea-pig brain slices.

The effect of glycine (Gly) on acetylcholine (ACh) release from superfused, resting or electrically-stimulated slices of guinea-pig caudate nucleus (CN), brain stem (BS) and cerebral cortex (CC) was studied. The amino acid 1 X 10(-4)-6 X 10(-3)mol 1(-1) reduced the electrically-induced release and increased the spontaneous and KCl-evoked transmitter outflow, mostly in CN but also in BS, whereas it was ineffective in CC. Taurine, chosen as a structurally related compound, moderately affected only the spontaneous release in CN. Strychnine 2 X 10(-7) mol 1(-1) was per se ineffective, but prevented most Gly effects. The Gly-induced increase of ACh outflow in resting CN slices, however, could be completely antagonized only by administering strychnine and picrotoxin together. These findings suggest that: (i) the overall pattern of Gly influence on cholinergic function is similar to that previously described for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); (ii) specific receptors seem to be present in BS and, above all, in CN; (iii) a positive cooperation between endogenous GABA and Gly is evident in resting CN slices; (iv) the absence of any apparent endogenous glycinergic control on the cholinergic neurones casts doubt on but does not exclude the existence of glycinergic neurones in CN.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

[Ampicillin and infectious mononucleosis. Skin manifestations].

Cutaneous reaction by ampicillin, do present themselves with a greater frequency than other penicillin derivates and in general rule they are of the urticaria or exanthematous type. The administration to patients with infective mononucleosis or when it is applied together with allopurinol, the risk of cutaneous reactions is greater. There appears a twenty year old, female patient, who by reason of a febrile reaction with odinofagia, is medicated with ampicillin of 1500 milligrams daily, and this unchains generalized morbilliform exantheme, lightly desquamative-a-sole of the feet, hear skin, and being very showy the edema on face. Besides she presented a diffuse enantema. The clinic examination revealed macropolyadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomealy and mesosystolic blast. The laboratory showed 55% lymphocytosis, Turk cells and Downey cells. Erythrocyte sedimenation rate 16-36 mm/hs. Total hemolytic complement 105 U (V. N. 160-260). Hipergammaglobulinemia 2,11 mg/dl. Hypergammaglobulinemia total 2 mg/dl. Fosgefose selceline 204 mU/ml. TGO 120 mU/ml. Cholesterol 115 mg/dl. Hyperuricemic 115 mg/dl. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus: 1:40. The rest of proofs did not reveal data of importance. In the infective mononucleosis are described varied cutaneous manifestations which are fugacious and not very frequent. On the contrary the clinic aspect as the observed one in this case, has more intensive and generalized characteristics. It is considered a toxic phenomena because of the proved absence of sensibility to penicillin derivates. Authors advert on the administration of this drug in indefinite pharyngeal cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of cortical acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid release in freely moving guinea pigs: effects of clonidine and other adrenergic drugs.

The effects of various doses of clonidine and norepinephrine (NE) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the brain surface of freely moving guinea pigs have been investigated in order to study the role of alpha adrenoceptors on the function of cortical cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. Clonidine administration at doses of 7.5 and 18.7 nmol/kg inhibits by 40% the release of ACh; larger doses (112 nmol/kg) are inactive. On the other hand, the largest dose of clonidine used in this study (112 nmol/kg) increases the release of GABA by 45%, whereas lower doses are inactive. Norepinephrine (0.9 mumol i.c.v.) decreases by 40% the release of ACh and increases by 80% that of GABA. The inhibitory effects of clonidine and of NE on cortical ACh output are completely antagonized by yohimbine (0.28 mumol/kg), a selective alpha-2 antagonist, thus suggesting an involvement of the alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the neurochemical action of the drug. However, yohimbine releases GABA and does not prevent the action of clonidine or of NE on the cortical GABA system. On the other hand, prazosin (35.8 nmol/kg), a selective alpha-1 antagonist, completely antagonizes the stimulating effects of clonidine and of NE on the release of GABA, suggesting that alpha-1 receptors modulate this release. The present experiments indicate that the neurochemical and neuropharmacological profile of activity of clonidine is strictly dependent upon the dose of the drug. In addition, they support the concept that cortical alpha adrenoceptors modulate the function of neurons releasing ACh or GABA.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

[Post-traumatic nodular scleroderma].

Scleroderma of rare appearance in children appears in minor scale as to the five per cent on the whole incidence of this collagen disease. The children usually present localized scleroderma and at times associated with other pathologies, traumatisms and injections were referred. Two patients aged 5 and 13 years old are presented, both with nodular lesions on anterolateral thigh area, and in the right buttock respectively. The patches of a side bigger than the palm of hand were only touchable and the skin that covered them only showed a slight hyperpigmentation in the edge in one of the cases. The limits were not precise and the nodulose surface was irregular. The evolution was as of two and three years, right after inoculation of antitetanical vaccination and puncture thorn of Yuca leaves. The histological control showed intensive phenomenons of fibrohyalinosis covering almost all the dermis. The studies of the laboratories didn't produce interesting data. The histological and clinical set of symptoms shows differences with the esclerodermic like states as a consequence of excipient of vitamin K, B 12, norhydroxprogesterone and anti-tetanic serum, in which they settle in the cellular subcutaneous tissue and they involution spontaneously. There are also differences with the paniculitis artefacta and with the lincar morphea associated to bifid spine. At last the authors make special mention of the case described by Desmons of progressive linear scleroderma right after the triple vaccination. The nodular or subcutaneous scleroderma is a clinical form in which the histological alteration decays in deep dermis and superficial hypodermis. The cases shown suggest a conection between a previous traumatism and the nodular scleroderma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Release of GABA from the guinea-pig neocortex induced by electrical stimulation of the 'locus coeruleus' or by norepinephrine.

GABA release from the cortical surface was measured in freely moving guinea-pigs using collecting cups and a mass-fragmentographic method. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus caused a prolonged sedation of the animals and a 60% increase of GABA output from their cerebral cortex. Similar results were obtained after intraventricular injections of norepinephrine. Phentolamine antagonized these effects. The results suggest that the noradrenergic innervation of the cortex modulates the function of cortical GABA neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

VP16-213 and cyclophosphamide in non oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Thirty-two patients with by non oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma were admitted to a protocol including Cyclophosphamide (CTX) 1,000 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, VP16-213 200 mg/m2 p.o. day 1-3, every 3 weeks. Partial remissions were seen in 2 of 27 evaluable patients; 16 of 27 showed no change. Mean survival was 36.4 weeks, median survival was 38 weeks.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1982

GABA induced changes in acetylcholine release from slices of guinea-pig brain.

The effect of GABA on acetylcholine (ACh) release was investigated on superfused slices of guinea-pig cerebral cortex (CC), caudate nucleus (CN), tuberculum olfactorium and brain stem. GABA (1--6 x 10(-3) mol/l) increased the spontaneous and KCl-evoked ACh overflow in CC and CN, reduced the electrically-evoked release in all areas tested (most evidently in CC and CN) and lowered the threshold of electric stimulation-induced ACh release in CC. These effects were also caused by 3-amino-1-propane sulphonic acid (1 x 10(-3) mol/l) and ethanolamine-O-sulphate (2 x 10(-3) mol/l), were reduced by bicuculline (1 x 10(-4) mol/l) and fully antagonized by picrotoxin (8 x 10(-5) mol/l), but they were not influenced by phentolamine, methysergide, spiroperidol or strychnine. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (5 x 10(-7) mol/l) blocked the facilitation of spontaneous ACh release by GABA only when the slices were perfused with normal Krebs solution, but not when perfused with a KCl-enriched medium. These results suggest that GABA affects the cholinergic transmitter release through bicuculline- and picrotoxin-sensitive receptors, showing low affinity toward the agonist. Moreover GABA modulation of resting ACh release requires action potentials only in normal [K+]0, but not in high [K+]0, suggesting that GABA-receptive sites are located at cholinergic terminals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Thrombocytopenia provoked by carrageenan in rabbits and the inhibitory effect of lysozyme.

Hen egg white lysozyme (Fleming's lysozyme) prevented the thrombocytopenia provoked by carrageenan injected intravenously into rabbits but not that provoked by an anaphylactic shock. Lysozyme was given intravenously at 25, 50, 100 mg/kg 30 sec before carrageenan. Platelets were counted 15 and 60 min after carrageenan. Lysozyme was given intravenously to immunized animals at the dose of 100 mg/kg 5 min before a challenging dose of the antigens (horse serum-ovalbumin). Platelets were counted 5 min after challenge. The results are discussed in the light of the intervention of platelets and prostaglandins into tumour spread and metastases dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of naloxone on opioid-induced inhibition and facilitation of acetylcholine release in brain slices.

1 The effect of morphine, methionine-enkephalin (Met-enkephalin) and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) were tested on the spontaneous and electrically-evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh) from superfused slices of guinea-pig thalamus, caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex. 2 At no concentration did morphine, Met-enkephalin or DADLE modify the outflow of ACh at rest but Met-enkephalin in the presence of naloxone, reduced the resting ACh release. 3 Morphine, at a low dose (3 microM) had no effect in slices of cerebral cortex, but it enhanced the evoked release of ACh in thalamic and caudate, slices. At higher doses of morphine (10-30 microM), the ACh release evoked by electrical pulses was significantly inhibited in every area. 4 Met-enkephalin behaved like morphine in thalamic slices, whereas DADLE, a specific delta agonist, produced a slight inhibition of ACh outflow only at 10 microM. 5 Naloxone antagonized the inhibitory effect of morphine in the cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus slices. Naloxone and also spiroperidol blocked the releasing effect of morphine in caudate slices. In contrast naloxone did not affect the increase of ACh release caused by morphine and Met-enkephalin in thalamic slices. The inhibitory effect of both opioids at high doses was reversed by naloxone so that they then enhanced ACh release. 6 A two fold increase of calcium concentration in the Krebs solution prevented the inhibitory effects of morphine 10 microM. 7 It is suggested that two receptors are present in thalamic slices, one of which inhibits and the other facilitates ACh release.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Lysozyme, intradermal diffusion of india ink and peritoneal capillary permeability in mice.

Hen egg white lysozyme injected intracutaneously into mice inhibits the intradermal diffusion of India Ink. The effect of lysozyme persists in presence of hyaluronidase. Lysozyme injected i.p. into mice inhibits acetic acid (i.p.) induced leakage of Pontamine Sky Blue into the abdominal cavity. The data suggest that lysozyme might be tried for applications outside the microbiological field.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Prune-belly syndrome: report of three siblings.

The "Prune-Belly" syndrome is rare and sporadic. The authors describe three siblings of both sexes with the syndrome. Good results in two of the patients arouse new interest in surgery for this syndrome. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

[High relative risk of gastric stump cancer in young gastric resection patients].

In a large necropsy series, 31 cases of gastric stump cancer were found among patients operated for gastric or duodenal ulcer since 6 years or more. In the same series, there were 331 gastric cancer cases among patients without previous gastric surgery for benign disease. Overall age- and sex-specific relative risk for stump cancer in previously resected patients was 1.5; however, the relative risk was 2.5 in the patients operated below age 45, and it was only 0.6 in the patients resected over that age. The relative risk of stump cancer in the former group of patients was two- or three-fold than in the latter, at correspondent intervals of time since resection too. In the present material, the age at surgery appears to be a more important factor in determining the relative risk than the time interval since surgery.

Adult↗