Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Beuscart

Publications and source records attributed to C Beuscart.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of ciprofloxacin versus amoxicillin + clavulanic acid or erythromycin for the empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia].

For the empiric management of community-acquired pneumonia, ciprofloxacin (750 mg b.i.d.) was compared with two antibiotics frequently used in this indication, i.e., amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and erythromycin. One hundred and forty-two patients were randomized in this prospective study. Among them, the 63 patients with bacteriologically documented disease were evaluated. Clinical recovery was achieved in 73.3% of patients in the ciprofloxacin group (22/30) versus 81.8% of patients in the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid or erythromycin group (27/33) (non-significant difference). Clinical failures seen with ciprofloxacin were found to be correlated with recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ciprofloxacin is effective in pneumonia but should be used only in cases where Streptococcus pneumoniae can be excluded as the causative agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin: a French multicentre trial in 185 patients.

The efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin therapy (200 mg 12-hourly) followed, when appropriate, by oral administration of the same dose was evaluated in an open multicentre trial involving 185 patients in 31 French hospitals. Dosage adjustment was made for patients in renal failure. Infection was hospital-acquired in 35 cases, 53 patients required admission to an intensive care unit. The infections comprised septicaemia (n = 56), pneumonia (n = 18), bronchitis (n = 10), urinary tract (n = 78), female pelvis (n = 8), bone and joint (n = 5), skin and soft tissues (n = 10). The causative pathogens were: Staphylococcus spp. (n = 23), Streptococcus spp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 85), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 9), Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Serratia spp. (n = 21), Salmonella spp. (n = 22), Chlamydia spp. (n = 3), Legionella spp. (n = 1), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 1) and miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli (n = 17). All were ofloxacin-susceptible. Mean duration of therapy was 8.06 ( +/- 2.6) days for the i.v. and 14.8 ( +/- 14.39) days for the oral preparation. Clinical cure was achieved in 173 patients (93.5%). It is concluded that iv ofloxacin is an effective treatment for a range of infections due to susceptible organisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Cardiac hydatidosis: contribution of magnetic resonance imaging. Report of a case].

Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare condition. The diagnosis is difficult and is based on a series of findings amongst which hydatid serology and cardiac imaging play important parts. The values and limitations of echocardiography, coronary angiography and CT scanning are well known. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a recent technique which theoretically should provide valuable diagnostic information. The authors report a case in which this technology, though confirming the presence of a polycystic intrapericardial mass, did not show the true extension of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Infectious endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in patients with endocardial pacemakers].

Right heart endocarditis in patients with permanent cardiac pacing catheters is uncommon but not an exceptionally rare complication. Two dimensional echocardiography provides diagnostic and prognostic information. The authors report two cases which illustrate the fact that many workers recommend explanation of the pacing catheter and that tricuspidectomy with or without valve replacement may sometimes be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Acyclovir and specific anti-varicella-herpes zoster immunoglobulins in the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infection in 113 adults].

From January 1978 to December 1988, 54 males and 59 females were treated for varicella, zoster and disseminated zoster by varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (group I) or acyclovir (group II). 67 patients had immune deficiency disease. Treatment was successful for 92/100 patients in group I and for 100/100 patients in group II. Thrombophlebitis and renal failure were observed in group II and regressed when acyclovir was stopped. Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and acyclovir are two effective therapeutics in the treatment of varicella and zoster in adults including immunocompromised patients. The use of acyclovir could not reduce the duration of hospitalization.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1989

[Nosocomial pneumopathies].

The criterion used for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia is an infiltrate on X-ray of the chest, not present on admission, associated with new sputum production. The main causative pathogens are Staphylococcus spp. and Gram-negative bacilli. The most common pattern in the development of pneumonia is colonization of the oropharynx followed by aspiration into the lungs in patients with impaired normal defences. The factors which significantly predispose to nosocomial pneumonia are tracheal intubation, low level of consciousness, chronic lung disease, thoracic or upper abdominal surgery, large volume aspiration and age over 70 years. The fatality rate is high (32 p. 100 to 55 p. 100). In most cases the curative treatment requires a combination of antimicrobial agents. At the moment, preventive measures remain an elusive goal.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1989

Nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation.

From January 1987 to December 1987, 193 radial artery cannulations were performed in 112 patients (87 males, 25 females; mean age = 57.5 years). The mean duration of cannulation was 6.45 days. After removal, the tip of the catheter was cultured using a semiquantitative culture technique: 164 catheters were cultured and positive results were seen in 37 cases (22.5%); 98 samples of infusate were cultured. Positive results were observed in 23 cases (23.5%). No bacteriological correlation was found between these two culture results. During the study, no catheter-related or infusate-related bacteraemia was detected. It is concluded that nosocomial infections associated with long-term radial artery cannulation are not commonly seen, in particular no catheter or infusate-related bacteraemia occurs even if the duration exceeds 4 days.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed1989

[Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas septicemias].

During 1985 and 1986, 48 bacteremias due to Enterobacter spp, Acinetobacter spp, Serratia spp or Pseudomonas spp were collected by the SES Group. The mortality rate of those infections due to multiresistant organisms appeared high (27.9%). Among all factors influencing the prognosis, the following, age over 75 years, hospital-acquired infections, occurrence of shock and single antimicrobial therapy, are those associated with a high fatality rate. Given that clinical signs are not specific, nosocomial bacteremias should be treated by antimicrobial agents having wide spectrum, rapid onset of action and most often in combination.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Prospective randomized controlled study of a ceftazidime and pefloxacin combination versus a ceftazidime and amikacin combination in the empirical treatment of pneumonia and nosocomial septicemia at intensive care units].

Three hundred fifty-two patients from 20 intensive care units, suffering from pneumonia or nosocomial septicemia were treated at random with either ceftazidime + pefloxacin (CP) or ceftazidime + amikacin (CA). After exclusion of patients who did not comply with the protocol and of cases where no organism was isolated, 108 assessable patients received CP and 114 received CA. The cure rates achieved in infections due to a single organism were 82 per cent in the CA group and 62 per cent in the CP group. In infections due to multiple organisms, the cure rate was 67 per cent with both antibiotic regimens.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of pneumonia caused by Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae and Rickettsia using ofloxacin].

To asses the efficacy and the safety of ofloxacin as therapy of pneumonia caused by intracellular pathogens, 35 patients were studied (26 male, 9 female, mean age: 52.5 +/- 16.6 years). Causative pathogens were Chlamydia psittaci (n = 13), Legionella pneumophila (n = 10), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 7) and Coxiella burnetii (n = 5). Ofloxacin was administered orally in 32 cases (200 mg b.i.d. in 80% of cases) and by I.V. route in 3 cases. All patients were cured without any side effects. In conclusion, ofloxacin appears, in our study, as an efficient therapy for these pneumonias. It could be considered as a valuable alternative to other antimicrobial agents with intra-cellular activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Controlled randomized prospective study of a ceftazidime-pefloxacin combination versus a ceftazidime-amikacin combination in the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonias and septicemias of resuscitation. Preliminary results].

The preliminary results obtained in 212 patients from 20 intensive care units, suffering from pneumonia or nosocomial septicemia and treated at random with either ceftazidime + pefloxacin (CP) or ceftazidime + amikacin (CA) were analyzed. After exclusion of patients who did not comply with the protocol and of cases where no organism was isolated, 57 assessable patients received CP and 72 received CA. The cure rates achieved in infections due to a single organism were 85 per cent in the CA group and 63 per cent in the CP group. In infections due to multiple organisms, the cure rate was 74 +/- 2 per cent with both antibiotic regimens.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of ceftazidime treatment in septicemia expert systems].

The septicaemia expert-system (SES) consists of 18 departments of infectious diseases and microbiology in different French university hospitals. In this context, and compared with the totality of cases analyzed, ceftazidime was used by preference in worrying infections, i.e. often older patients, higher frequency of hospital-acquired infections and of multibacterial infections, greater number of pathogens regarded as difficult to eradicate. The results of ceftazidime treatment in these patients were not different from those obtained in the totality of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Fatal septicemias: factors of mortality. Analysis of 72 fatal cases in the series of 462 case reports collected by the Septicemia Expert System group in 1985].

During the year 1985, 462 cases of septicemia were collected by SES group; 417 observations could be exploited. 73 patients died (17.3%). The statistical analysis of epidemiological and clinical data argued to factors correlated with high mortality rate: a shock, an acute respiratory distress syndrome, a pulmonary portal of entry lead to a high mortality rate. The fatal outcome increased with the age of the patients. A documented immunodeficiency (granulopenia, cytotoxic chemotherapy...), a previous broncho-pulmonary, neurologic or cardiovascular disease were factors of risk. The pulmonary or cutaneous localisations occurring within a septicemic phase were significantly related to death. Among fatal cases of bacteremia, 25% were Staphylococci, 25% Enterobacteria, 20% Pneumococci, 7% Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas, then Pneumococcus, then Staphylococcus bacteremias looks to have a worse prognosis. The more serious cases were prescribed several antibiotics, significantly much more than the mild cases. These results are compared with the results of former series; the main prognosis factors of actual septicemia are elicited in here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Septic localizations in septicemias].

Seventeen university hospitals have joined their observations of septicemias through an informatics system. 461 septicemias have been collected in 1985. 407 are septic localizations, 299 primitives and 108 secondary. The frequent localisations are urologic (20.4%), pulmonary (20.15%), cutaneous (10.56%), abdominal (10.56%), cardiac and neurologic (9.58%). In 51.8%, the organisms are Gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus 23.9%, Streptococcus 27.9%). In 46.9% septic localizations are due to Gram negative bacilli with Escherichia coli (50.2%). The origin of septicemia is urologic (18%), abdominal (15.8%), cutaneous (8.7%), pulmonary (8.7%), stomatologic (7.2%), venous (4.3%). Gram positive cocci infections have more septic localizations than Gram negative bacilli infections. The mortality is more increased in pulmonary localizations (35%) than in the others localizations: venous (20%), cutaneous (19%), urologic (11%) and stomatologic (10%). Septic localizations which required the most of an antibiotics association are osseous (81.5%) and cardiac (80.5%), where as all septicemias require two antibiotics in 51%.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness and tolerance of piperacillin in 333 patients].

In a French multicentric trial the effectiveness and safety of piperacillin were evaluated in 333 patients with severe infections. Piperacillin was administered alone in 212 cases. The overall results show that the drug was clinically effective in 85% of the patients. The results of this French study are similar to those of other studies previously published. They demonstrate an increase in the number of failures against ampicillin-resistant and carbenicillin-resistant strains, even when these strains were sensitive to piperacillin in vitro. Piperacillin was tolerated as well as the other beta-lactam antibiotics, the main side-effects being hypersensitivity reactions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗