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Biomedical subjects

C B Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C B Wilson.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Single-agent chemotherapy of brain tumors. A five-year review.

Identification of effective single chemotherapeutic agents for brain tumors must precede the rational use of multiple drug combinations. In phase 2 trials beginning in 1968, 158 patients with intrinsic brain tumors (mostly recurrent malignant astrocytomas) were considered evaluable. The larger trials with more effective drugs produced these results: carmustine (BCNU) response rate, 47%, with median duration of nine months; lomustine (CCNU), 44%, with median duration of six months; procarbazine hydrochloride, 52%, with median duration six months; carmustine and vincristine sulfate combined, 44%, with median duration of only four months; and BIC (5-[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazeno]imidazole-4-carboxamide), 38%, with median duration of five months. Administration of glucocorticoids was not found to bias the frequency of response. Forty-seven patients, 26 of whom had responded to the initial drug, received a second drug. Among 26 patients who were evaluable, only four responded to the second drug.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1976

Phycomycotic gangrenous cellulitis. A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Progressive gangrenous cellulitis due to Rhizopus arrhizus following colostomy destroyed the entire abdominal wall of a young woman and caused her death. A similar infection in an 11-year-old kidney transplant recipient was diagnosed more promptly and treated successfully with extensive debridement and amphotericin B. Nine similar cases found in the literature were reviewed. All 11 patients appeared to have had prior tissue injury at the original site of infection, and seven had diabetes mellitus. The disease was initially misdiagnosed in most of the patients, progressed rapidly in eight, and was fatal in four. Phycomycotic gangrenous cellulitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of progressive necrotizing lesions of the skin, especially in diabetic patients, but it can be identified promptly only by histologic examination of the infected tissue. Urgent radical excision and amphotericin therapy are recommended.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1976

Endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region: case report.

This is a case report of an endodermal sinus tumor occurring in the pineal region of a 12-year-old Caucasian boy. Germ cell tumors of this type demonstrate a selective overgrowth of yolk sac endoderm associated with extraembryonic mesoblast and arise perferentially in the gonads of young children. This is the ninth known report of this tumor in the world literature. Its occurrence in the posterior third ventricle again confirms that pineal region germ cell tumors are histologically analogous to germ cell tumors originating in the gonads. A disturbance in the region of the primitive streak is thought to account for the exclusive midline location of this tumor in extragonadal sites. This patient was treated with a combination of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide, and concomitant cobalt irradiation. For endodermal sinus tumors in the pineal region, this combination appears more effective than previously reported treatment by irradiation alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Glomerulonephritis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

Nephritic factor: Description of a new quantitative assay and findings in glomerulonephritis.

A sensitive quantitative test for nephritic factor (NF) in human serum is reported. The test is based on the capacity of NF to initiate fluid phase consumption of the third complement (C) component in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg++) and of factors of the alternative pathway of C activation. These factors as well as C3 and C5 were supplied by the incorporation of normal human serum (NHS) into the assay mixture. In order to prevent C3 (and C5) consumption via the Ca++- and Mg++-dependent classical pathway, the test was performed in the presence of the chelating agent Mg-ethylene bis (oxyethylene-nitrilo) tetraacetic acid (Mg EGTA) which interacts preferentially with Ca++. The Mg EGTA concentration was found to be critical, a final concentration of 5 mM in the assay mixture being required for optimal results. By its heat stability (54 degrees to 56 degrees C, 30 min), NF could be distinguished from other, heat-labile NF-like factors. The NF test was applied to five categories of patients with glomerulonephritis (GN). Heat-stable NF activity was found in seven of 17 sera in the membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) group. Two of the 12 acute poststreptococcal GN sera had NF-like activity which disappeared upon heating. Serum C3 and proactivator (PA) concentrations varied widely in all groups but a clear positive relationship was found between the presence of NF and low serum C3 concentrations in MPGN. Renal immunofluorescence in MPGN indicated a lesser amount of lg deposited in glomeruli from patients with NF when compared to the NF-negative patients. Both groups had heavy C3 deposits. The availability of a sensitive, quantitative assay for NF may help to provide further insight into the various pathogenic mechanisms in different forms of MPGN.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Computed tomography in the evaluation of malignant glioma before and after therapy.

Sixty-three patients with malignant glioma undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy were evaluated with electroencephalography, 99mTc-DTPA imaging, and computed tomography (CT). Tumor size, central lucency, contrast enhancement, surrounding edema, and ventricular size were assessed. CT findings were found to be reliable and often predicted the clinical course. Tumor size, central lucency, and contrast enhancement increased in patients with clinical deterioration and decreased in those with improvement. The CT scan also provided additional information of value in adjunctive therapy, such as the presence of cysts or ventricular obstruction. In general, CT gave a more complete profile of tumor characteristics than other diagnostic modalities.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Role of sensitized cells in antitubular basement membrane interstitial nephritis.

The pathogenic effect of antitubular basement membrane (TBM) antibodies in anti-TBM interstitial nephritis has been demonstrated. To determine the relative role of sensitized cells in inducing this lesion, lymph node cells (LNC) alone or a combination of LNC and peritoneal exudate cells were transferred from Brown Norway (BN) rats, previously immunized with TBM into unimmunized BN-recipient rats. Cells were transferred directly under the recipients' renal capsules. Although significant tubular lesions were induced by the cells, the lesions were usually mild and always focal. Hence, sensitized cells do not appear to be central to the pathogenesis of anti-TBM nephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The Raji cell radioimmune assay for detecting immune complexes in human sera.

A sensitivie and simple procedure for the detection and quantitation of soluble complement (C)- fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed by utilizing C receptors on Raji cells. These cells lack membrane-bound immunoglobulin but have receptors for IgG Fc, C3b, C3d, and possibly with other C proteins. Uptake experiments showed that both aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) and 7S IgG bound to receptors for IgG Fc; however, AHG reacted with C bound to cells only via receptors for C and this binding was much more efficient than via IgG Fc receptors. AHG was used as an in vitro model of human immune complexes and its uptake by Raji cells was quantitated by 125I-radiolabeled antihuman IgG. The limit of sensitivity of this test was 6 mug AHG/ml serum. The ability of Raji cells to detect AHG in serum depended on the amount of radioactive antibody used and the size of aggregates. The presence of an excess of C somewhat inhibited binding of AHG containing C to Raji cells. The efficient binding of AHG by receptors for C on Raji cells was used for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes in human sera. Raji cells were incubated with sera to be tested and then reacted with excess radiolabeled antihuman IgG; the amount of radioactivity bound to the washed cells was determined and referred to a standard curve of radioactive antibody uptake by cells previously incubated with increasing amounts of AHG in serum. Thereby immune complexes were detected and quantitated in serum hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and malignancies.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

Acute effects of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody on the process of glomerular filtration in the rat.

Nehron filtration rate (sngfr) and the factors controlling filtration were examined before and with 60 min of the intravenous infusion of 225-450 mug of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBM Ab) (greater than 50% antigenic saturation) in plasma-expanded (2.5% body wt) Munich-Wistar rats. Pressures in glomerular capillaries (PG) and bowman's space (Pt) were measured with a servo-nulling device, systemic (piA) and efferent arteriolar oncotic pressures (piE) were measured by microprotein methods, and nephron plasma flow (rpf) and sngfr were measured by micropuncture techniques in both control and post-AGBM Ab conditions in each rat. The sngfr fell from 52.7+/-2.9 to 24.1+/-1.9 nl/min per g kidney wt (n = 7, P less than 0.001). Both afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances increased and rpf fell from 221+/-25 to 90+/-9 nl/min per g kidney wt (P less than 0.001) but the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the glomerular membrane deltaP = PG - Pt) increased from 37+/- 1 to 50+/-2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The increase in deltaP and a numerical decrease in piA both acted to maintain sngfr after AGBM Ab and effectively nullified the influence of decreased rpf upon sngfr. The mean effective filtration pressure (EFP = deltaP - pi) increased from 14+/-2 to 30+/-3 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) while sngfr decreased. The major and critical reason for this reduction in sngfr was a decrease in the glomerular permeability coefficient from 0.077+/-0.017 to 0.014+/-0.001 nl/s per g kidney wt per mm Hg P less than 0.001) where sngfr=EFP-LpA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Paramesencephalic arachnoid cysts.

The term "paramesencephalic" is proposed to describe the location of a general class of arachnoid cysts observed in four patients. These cysts, which appear to arise within the subarachnoid space, are characterized by a lack of communication with the ventricular system. Usually, the arachnoid tissue is normal, and the cyst fluid resembles cerebrospinal fluid both macroscopically and microscopically. Hydrocephalus is variably accompanied by localizing signs. Problems may be encountered in the diagnosis of suprasellar (case 4), parapineal (case 3), incisural (case 1), and interpeduncular (cases 2 and 4) arachnoid cysts. Early surgical exploration is strongly recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Monitoring optic nerve function during craniotomy.

During surgical removal of a pituitary adenoma, conduction in the anterior visual pathways was monitored by continuous recording of visual evoked responses (VER). The method employed a scleral contact lens with an embedded flashing diode for delivery of visual stimuli. Evoked potentials of nearly normal latency, amplitude, and form were recorded from occipital scalp electrodes immediately after the optic nerves were decompressed. Restoration of the VER was correlated with restoration of normal vision.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of mithramycin in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas.

A controlled, prospective, randomized study evaluated the use of mithramycin in the treatment of anaplastic glioma compared to a similar group of patients receiving best conventional care. From a total of 116 patients in the study, 96 were within the valid study group. All patients were operated on, had histological confirmation of anaplastic glioma, and received radiotherapy at the discretion of the principal investigator. Fifty-two patients received mithramycin at a dose of 25 mug/kg/day for 21 days, while 44 patients were in the control group. There was no significant difference in the median survival from time of randomization in those receiving mithramycin (21 weeks) as compared to those not receiving mithramycin (26 weeks). There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to age distribution, sex, location, diagnosis, tumor characteristics, signs or symptoms, or radiotherapy received. Duration of symptoms correlates positively with survival and was also significantly longer in the control group than in the treated group. This, however, did not account for the failure of mithramycin to be found an effective agent. Although the study was not designed to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy, patients who were so treated had a significant improvement in survival. The toxic complications of mithramycin included gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatological involvement, anemia, and liver dysfunction, indicating the need for close supervision.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Microvascular bypass surgery. Part 1: anatomical studies.

Microvascular anatomical studies were performed to ascertain the most suitable cortical vessel for extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass (EIAB). The three most commonly used cortical areas (the tip of the frontal lobe, the tip of the temporal lobe, and the area at the angular gyrus) were examined in detail. Because of their accessiblity and size, the cortical arteries in the area of the angular gyrus offer the most suitable location for creating an EIAB.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1976

C3 metabolism in a patient with deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) and discoid lupus erythematosus.

A patient with a hereditary deficiency of the second component of complement and discoid lupus erythematosus with features of systemic lupus erythematosus was studied. The propositus had a 9-year history of rash and arthralgia. Transient renal disease had completely resolved; there was a history of seizures. Examination of his serum disclosed antinuclear antibodies but no total haemolytic complement activity. C2 was absent. Serum concentrations of C1s, C3, C5 and C9 were elevated; other complement components were present in normal concentration, including C3 pro-activator. The patient's C3 pro-activator was electrophoretically converted by inulin and four of five lipopolysaccharides, but was poorly converted by aggregated human IgG. Two separate turnover studies with radiolabelled C3 showed fractional catabolic rates of 3-03 and 2-48% of the remaining plasma pool/hr (range of three normals: 1-62-2-18%/hr); and estimated C3 synthetic rates of 2-74 and 2-31 mg/kg/hr (range of three normals: 0-89-1-40 mg/kg/hr). Serum complement profiles of the patient's family demonstrated that the C2 deficiency was inherited as an autosomal codominant. One sibling, homozygous for C2 deficiency, and three other siblings, both parents and one daughter, all heterozygous for C2 deficiency, are in good health. Immunofluorescent studies of the patient's diseased skin exhibited substantial deposits of IgG, IgM, C1q, and C4 but not of later acting complement components, properdin, or C3 proactivator. These studies do not support the notion that inflammation in C3-deficient individuals with lupus erythematosus is mediated by the alternative complement pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The relationship of polyamines in cerebrospinal fluid to the presence of central nervous system tumors.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyamine concentrations were assayed in patients with and without central nervous system tumors, using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique. Definite elevations were found in the CFS polyamine concentrations of patients with untreated malignant central nervous system tumors when compared with those concentrations observed in the CSF of patients without neoplasia. Patients undergoing successful tumor therapy for malignant central nervous system tumors showed CSF polyamine concentrations that closely approximated the concentrations found in the CSF of patients without tumor.

Adenoma↗